MULTIMEDIA ENGLISH Multimedia in Education

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Tell me and I will forget; show me and I may remember; involve me

and I will understand

(Chinese proverb)

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Lecture 5%

Reading 10%

Audiovisual 20%

Demonstration 30%

Discussion Group 50%

Practise by doing 75%

Teach others/immediate use of learning

90%

THE LEARNING PYRAMID

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DEFINITION

• Computer-based materials designed to beused on a computer that can

• display and print text and high-qualitygraphics,

• play pre-recorded audio and videomaterial,

• create new audio and video recordings.

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DEFINITION

• Derived from the word “Multi” and “Media”

• Multi

• Many, Multiple

• Media

• Tools that is used to represent or do a certainthings, delivery medium, a form of masscommunication – newspaper, magazine / tv.

• Distribution tool & information presentation – text,graphic, voice, images, music and etc.

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DEFINITION

• Multimedia is a combination of text, graphic, sound,animation, and video that is delivered interactively to the userby electronic or digitally manipulated means

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TEXT

AUDIO

GRAPHIC

VIDEO

ANIMATION

ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

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TEXTTEXT

AUDIO

GRAPHIC

VIDEO

ANIMATION

Example

ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

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GRAPHICTEXT

AUDIO

GRAPHIC

VIDEO

ANIMATION

Example

ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

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AUDIOTEXT

AUDIO

GRAPHIC

VIDEO

ANIMATION

Example

ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

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ANIMATIONTEXT

AUDIO

GRAPHIC

VIDEO

ANIMATION

Example

ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

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VIDEO TEXT

AUDIO

GRAPHIC

VIDEO

ANIMATION

Example

MULTIMEDIA IN ELT

• Because of its capability of integrating the fourbasic skills of listening, speaking, reading andwriting, multimedia is of considerable interest tothe language teacher.

• ESL LAB

• Multimedia English

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BENEFITS OF MULTIMEDIA

• Kulik et al. (1985,1986, 1991, and 1994) at the University of Michigan

Analyzed hundreds of controlledexperiments on the effectiveness ofcomputer-based learning

Findings indicate that average learningtime has been reduced significantly andachievement levels one grade betterwhen multimedia is used

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UNDERLYING THEORIES

• The more actively involved students are in theteaching and learning process, the moreknowledge gets retained

• Cognitive theory: To educate you must do morethan modify behavior, you must help thestudents learn how to develop strategies forlearning

• Multimedia computers provide a powerfulenvironment for helping achieve the goals ofcognitive movement in education 14

Teacher Dominated Perspective

Teacher centered

Cognitive Perspective

Learner centered

Teacher present knowledge

Learner discover and construct knowledge

Students learn meaning and memorize

Students create meaning and process information

Learn facts Develop learning strategies

Knowledge is acquired Knowledge is created

Individual study Cooperative learning15

UNDERLYING THEORIES

• Broadly, cognitive theory is interested in howpeople understand material, and thus in;

• aptitude and capacity to learn

• and learning styles

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UNDERLYING THEORIES

• Piaget 1969- students learn better when theyinvent knowledge through inquiry andexperimentation instead of acquiring factspresented by a teacher in class.• Traditional classroom- impossible as one

teacher to many.

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UNDERLYING THEORIES

• Multimedia computers (internet) help by providingstudent with a world of interconnected knowledge toexplore

• Student becomes active processor of the informationand knowledge is the by product

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UNDERLYING THEORIES

• Cognitive theory is the basis of the educational approach

known as constructivism

• emphasizes the role of the learner in constructing his own viewor model of the material, and what helps with that.

• Learner now an active processor who explores, discovers,reflects and constructs knowledge – known asconstructivist movement

• Encourage knowledge formation and development ofmeta cognitive processes for judging, organizing, andacquiring new information

19Metacognition is defined as "cognition aboutcognition", or "knowing about knowing."[1] It cantake many forms; "it includes knowledge aboutwhen and where to use particular strategies forlearning or for problem solving.

UNDERLYING THEORIES• Rumelhart (1981) introduced the notion of

schemata- mental frameworks forcomprehension that function as scaffoldingfor organizing experience

• Vygotsky (1798) emphasized the role of socialinteractions in knowledge construction-concept of ZONE OF PROXIMALDEVELOPMENT (ZPD)

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ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT• The difference between what a learner can do without help

and what he or she can do with help

• “the distance between the actual developmental level asdetermined by independent problem solving and the level ofpotential development as determined through solving underadult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers”(Vigotsky)

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Scaffolding

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ZPD AND INTERNET / MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

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So he goes to the internet to look for websites that will teach him how to read critically

Ahmad has to complete his final year research project (AE). However, his supervisor told him that he needs to improve his Literature Review. He is not reading critically enough.

This is Ahmad, a final year student at a university.

Ahmad can actually read but he needs a little coaching to be able to read critically

ZPD AND INTERNET / MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES

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Online multimedia websites

ESL critical reading websites

ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT

Critical reading videos on YouTube

SNS – discussions with friends

Ahmad is now able to read critically

LANGUAGE LEARNING

• Multimedia computers natural for teaching language

• Digital audio provides pronunciation capabilities

• Full motion video can put students in real life situations

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE –YOUNG LEARNERS

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE – SECONDARY SCHOOL

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE - UNIVERSITY

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE - GRAMMAR

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE - GRAMMAR

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE –ADULT LEARNERS

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE – SPEECH RECOGNITION

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MULTIMEDIA LANGUAGE LEARNING SOFTWARE – SIMULATION

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Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/carmen/

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THE ENDTHANK YOU

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