MTT 651: Polymer Rheology documents/MTT 651/Chapter...Prof. Dr. Narongrit Sombatsompop Polymer...
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Prof. Dr. Narongrit Sombatsompop
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
MTT 651: Polymer Rheology
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
91 Pracha U-tit Rd., Bangmod, Thuug-khru, Bangkok 10140, THAILAND
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Definitions
• Fluids • Rheology • Viscosity • Laminar and turbulent
flows • Steady and non-steady
flows
• Plug flow • Shear flow (drag and
pressure flows) • Shear stress and shear rate • Elongational flow • Visco-elasticity
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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3 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
การไหลทเกดจากการเคลอนทของแผนประกบคดวยความเรวทแตกตางกน
(Drag Flow)
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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4 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
การไหลทเกดจากความแตกตางของความดนภายในทอ (Pressure Flow)
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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Rheological behaviour of materials • Inviscid fluids (viscosity=0) • Linear viscous fluid (Newtonian,
water) • Non-linear viscous fluids (Newtonian,
suspension) • Linear viscoelastic materials (non-
Newtonian/ small deformation) • Non-linear viscoelastic materials (non-
Newtonian/ large deformation)
• Non-linear elastic materials (rubber)
• Linear elastic materials (spring)
• Non-deformable solid (viscosity = infinity)
(Solid)
(Fluids) Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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Time dependent fluids
• Thixotropic fluids - Shear stress decreases with
time for a given shear rate. (yogurt, salad
dressing)
• Rheopectic fluids - Shear stress increases with
time for a given shear rate. (suspended fluids,
mud)
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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7 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
การเปลยนแปลงความเคนเฉอนตามเวลาของของไหล thixotropic
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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8 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
ความสมพนธระหวางคาความเคนเฉอนและอตราเคนเฉอนของของไหล thixotropic
ความสมพนธระหวางคาความเคนเฉอนและอตราเคนเฉอนของของไหล rheopectic
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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Time independent fluids
• Newtonian fluids: Viscosity is independent of shear rate. The ratio of shear stress and shear rate is constant.
• Non-Newtonian fluids: Viscosity is dependent on shear rate.
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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Non-Newtonian fluids
• Pseudoplastics fluids (shear thinning fluids) such as polymer melts, rubber liquids, adhesives, biological fluids and grease.
• Dilatant fluids (shear thickening fluids) such as PVC pastes and flour in water.
• Bingham fluids such as paints, clays, pea slurry, magarine, soaps, paper pulp, sewage sludge.
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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11 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
ความสมพนธระหวางคาความเคนเฉอนและอตราเคนเฉอนของของไหลในกลม Newtonian
ความสมพนธระหวางคาความเคนเฉอนและอตราเคนเฉอนของของไหลในกลม non-Newtonian
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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12 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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Power law index and Power law consistency
nKγτ
log log log K n
The n value indicates the type of fluids as follows:
Newtonian fluids n = 1
Non-Newtonian fluids n 1
Pseudoplastic fluids: n < 1
Dilatant fluids: n > 1
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13 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
ความสมพนธระหวาง Log (shear stress) กบ Log (shear rate)
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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14 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
ความสมพนธระหวาง shear viscosity กบ shear rate
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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Examples of materials viscosities (Nsm-2)
• 10 poise = 1 Nsm-2
• Air (gaseous) = 10-5 (0.01 poise)
• Water = 10-3 (10 poise)
• Oil = 10-1
• Glycerine = 1
• Syrup = 102
• Polymer melts = 102 - 106
• Glass = 1021
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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16 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Weissenberg effects for
Newtonian (a) and Viscoelastic fluids (b)
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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17 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
พฤตกรรมการบวมตวของพอลเมอรหลอมเหลวขณะอดรด (die swell)
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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18 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Flow of polymer melts in a rheometer
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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19 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Recoiling behaviour of viscoelastic fluids
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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20 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Dead flows of polymer melts
LDPE LLDPE
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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21 Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Elongation properties of melts
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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22
Measurement of Rheological Properties
• Ostwald Glass Viscometer • Melt Flow Rate (MFR) • Falling Ball Viscometer • Rolling Ball • Capillary Rheometer Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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23
Ostwald Glass Viscometer
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
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24
Melt Flow Rate (MFR)
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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25
Falling Ball Viscometer
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
tL
gRfb
9
2 2
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26
Rolling Ball
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
V
gRfb sin2
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27
Capillary Rheometer
Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group
Introduction to Fluid and Polymer Melt
ความรทวไปเกยวกบของไหลและพอลเมอรหลอมเหลว
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28
Summary of wall shear stress and wall shear rate
For circular die
L
RPw
2
w
Q
R
43 and
w
n
n
Q
R
3 1
4
43
For slit die
w
HP
L
2
w
Q
WH
62 and
w
n
n
Q
WH
2 1
3
62
where H and W are the die height (m) and the die width (m) respectively.