Mt Merapi Volcano Draft2
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Transcript of Mt Merapi Volcano Draft2
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Question:
▼ How does culture contribute to people’s vulnerability and capacity?
▼ What can be learned from the way local communities help each other in times of disaster?
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Presentation Outline▼ Introduction ▼ Evacuation behaviour - perceptions of risk▼ Framing of calamity - ownership of disaster▼ Conclusion
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IntroductionMt. Merapi eruption 2010:▼ 2 provinces and 4 districts affected▼ 309 died▼ 396,407 evacuated▼ 716 evacuation “shelters”
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Evacuation Behaviour & Perception of Risk
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Perception of risk
“People calculate risks...in various cultural and individual ways...people construct their vulnerability, including at times the denial of it.”
Oliver-Smith, Anthony and M. Hoffman, Susannah. 1999. The Angry Earth: Disaster in Anthropological Perspective. London: Routledge
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City and the mountain
Image source: www.jogjapedia.com (from the book “Keraton Jogja”)
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How do people perceive the mountain?
▼ Mountain as a living being
▼ Eruption is an acceptable risk
▼ Cattle = lifetime saving
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Lack in disaster preparedness
• Evacuation shelter built within 10 km zone
• Ad-hoc decicions in using public spaces for evacuation
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Framing of Calamity
• Mediacreates new myths by blaming “myth” victimhood
• Presence of the state
• State VS common people
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Video: TV reporthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDH1spDiedk&feature=related
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Ownership of Disaster
Holopis Kuntul Baris
▼ People opened their doors for evacuees
▼ Wrapped rice movement
▼ Digital natives (Prensky, 2003)built from informal interactionsthe stranger factor
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Conclusions:• Local value perceptions of risk must be understood and
utilized for public education • Preemptive planning: evacuation shelter, warning information
flow
• Local coping strategy: safe residential areas as alternative
• Engage community radios, social media groups for information-sharing and mobilizing resources in emergencies
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“The crucial point in understanding why disasters happen is that...they are also the product of social, political and economical environments.”
Wisner, Blaikie, Canon and Davis. 1994. “At Risk: natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters” London: Routledge.
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Anthropological approach to disaster:
“Cultural systems (the beliefs, behaviors, and institutions characteristic of a particular society or group) figure at the center of that society’s disaster vulnerability, preparedness, mobilization, and prevention.” Henry, D Anthropological Contributions to the Study of Disasters. In Disciplines, Disasters and Emergency Management: The Convergence and Divergence of Concepts, Issues and Trends From the Research Literature . D. McEntire and W. Blanchard, eds. Emittsburg, Maryland: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
http://training.fema.gov/emiweb/edu/ddemtextbook.asp
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Evacuation Behaviour• Centralized evacuation shelters VS “sporadic”
evacuation to residential areas
Preemptive Planning (Miho Mazareeuw)• Not to rely on singular measure of defense • “You can’t prevent things by management and
engineering... people need to know where to evacuate, and it has to be a community-based effort.”
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Preemptive planning based on local people’s coping strategy could have improved the disaster response
Define public spaces as evacuation shelter Safe residential areas as alternative