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© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Model-Based System & Software Engineering for UAV Critical Onboard Applications and Ground Control Stations
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Agenda
• A Quick Insight into UAVs o Introduction & Definitions
o Categories & Classification
o Typical Applications
o Market Trends
• Critical System & Software Engineering Challenges
• SCADE: a complete Model-Based Engineering Solution
• Selected SCADE UAV Success Stories
• Conclusion
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
A Quick Insight into UAVs
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Introduction to UAV/UAS
• An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone and referred to as a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. Its flight is controlled either autonomously by onboard computers or by the remote control of a pilot on the ground or in another vehicle.
• UAVs are usually deployed for military and special operation applications, but also used in a small but growing number of civil applications, such as policing and firefighting, and nonmilitary security work, such as surveillance of pipelines.
• …/…
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Introduction to UAV/UAS
• The term Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) emphasizes the importance of other elements beyond an aircraft itself. A typical UAS consists of the following: o The unmanned aircraft itself
o A control system, such as Ground Control Station (GCS)
o A control link, usually a specialized datalink
o Other related support equipment
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
A (Traditional) UAV Classification
• Micro/Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (MUAVs) o Up to 1,000 ft (300 m) and about 10 km range
• Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (TUAVs) o Around 18,000 ft (5,500 m) altitude, about 160 km range
• Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAVs o Up to 30,000 ft (9,000 m) and range over 200 km
• High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) UAVs o Over 30,000 ft (9,000 m) and indefinite range
• Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs)
• Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) UAVs
• Naval UAVs
• Civilian UAVs
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
UAV Functional Categories
• UAVs typically fall into one of six functional categories o Target and decoy – providing ground and aerial gunnery a target
that simulates an enemy aircraft or missile
o Reconnaissance – providing battlefield intelligence
o Combat – providing attack capability for high-risk missions
o Logistics – specifically designed for cargo and logistics operation
o Research and development – used to further develop UAV technologies to be integrated into field deployed UAV aircraft
o Civil and Commercial UAVs – specifically designed for civil and commercial missions
• Multi-role airframe platforms are nevertheless becoming more prevalent
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Typical UAV Applications
• Military o Main use around the world
o Military certification standards
• Civilian o Civilian certification standards
o Forbidden in several countries
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Examples of UAV Civilian Applications Environmental Market
Photos courtesy of XMobots
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Examples of UAV Civilian Applications Building & Construction
Photos courtesy of XMobots
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Examples of UAV Civilian Applications Security: Coastal & Borders Patrol
Photos courtesy of XMobots
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Examples of UAV Civilian Applications Security: Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR), Search and Rescue
Photos courtesy of XMobots
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Examples of UAV Civilian Applications Agribusiness: Precision Agriculture
Photos courtesy of XMobots
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Examples of UAV Civilian Applications Agribusiness: Counting of Cattle
35 units
Photos courtesy of XMobots
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Examples of UAV Civilian Applications Energy: Power Lines, Oil & Gas Pipelines Inspection, Roads and Railroad Monitoring
Photos courtesy of XMobots
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
UAV: a Few Market Trends
• Almost all major countries now have their UCAV programs in place, some in isolation, and others in collaboration
• UAVs have proved to be very useful during recent peacekeeping missions worldwide, finding applications across ISR and combat roles. This effectiveness is envisaged to change the overall future dynamics of warfare
• Enhanced capabilities in areas such as endurance, data processing, and communications have broadened ISR UAV use in both defense and intelligence roles
• It is anticipated that 4,000 different unmanned aircraft platforms are in circulation on the global market
Source: Strategic Defense Intelligence (7/2013)
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
UAV: a Few Market Trends
• Europe and North America, recovering from the financial crisis, account for an estimated 80% of global defense spending. Austerity measures introduced by national governments have led to reduced defense budgets, and subsequently the cancellation and inordinate delays of various UAV programs.
• Despite the advantages UAVs extend to the military, concerns regarding high accident rates continue to prevent widespread deployment, particularly over civil aerospace. Crashes have been reported from all parts of the world, caused mostly due to poor weather, human error, and system failures. Such crashes not only lead to a waste of money but also compromise secret missions.
Source: Strategic Defense Intelligence (7/2013)
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
UAV: a Few Market Trends
• Globally, demand for UAVs/UASs will increase by an average of 19% over the next five years
• The highest percentage of industry players foresee the future of UAV/UAS shaped by usage in non defense areas
• 'Surveillance' will be the largest application area for UAVs in the military domain over the next five years
• 'US', 'China' and 'Russia' will record highest increase in demand for UAVs over the next five years
Source: Strategic Defense Intelligence (6/2014)
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Critical System & Software Engineering Challenges for UAVs
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Critical System & Software Engineering Challenges for A&D
Manage Design Complexity
• Manage Requirements & Traceability • Manage Functional and Architectural Design • Produce Interface Control Documents (ICDs) • Comply with ARP 4754 system design standard
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Critical System Engineering Challenges for A&D
Manage Design Complexity
Model-Based System Engineering
(MBSE)
MBSE
Architecture
Functional Decomposition
Detailed Architecture
Allocations
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Critical System & Software Engineering Challenges for A&D
Reduce Embedded Software Costs
• Reduce costs of producing & testing Embedded Code • Reduce costs of Certifying safety-critical applications
under DO-178B/C • Comply with ARINC 661, IMA and/or FACE standards
Manage Design Complexity
• Manage Requirements & Traceability • Manage Functional and Architectural Design • Produce Interface Control Documents (ICDs) • Comply with ARP 4754 system design standard
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Critical Software Engineering Challenges for A&D
Reduce Embedded Software Costs
Model-Based Software Development
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© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Critical System & Software Engineering Challenges for UAVs
Reduce Embedded Software Costs
• Reduce costs of producing & testing Embedded Code • Reduce costs of Certifying safety-critical applications
under DO-178B/C • Comply with ARINC 661, IMA and/or FACE standards
Manage Design Complexity
• Manage Requirements & Traceability • Manage Functional and Architectural Design • Produce Interface Control Documents (ICDs) • Comply with ARP 4754 system design standard
Specific UAV Challenges
• Keep Equivalent Level of Safety (ELOS) of manned aircrafts (operation over Urban Areas and in Controlled Airspace) • Compliance with SAE ARP 4754 / 4761 • Certification under RTCA DO-178 / 160 • Compliance with military UAS Standards: NATO STANAG 4586
• Ensure high degree of autonomy • Ensure high degree of reliability and robustness • Transform conventional/manned aircrafts into UAVs • Anticipate design road maps with growing functionalities to
support different operational roles
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
SCADE: a complete Model-Based Engineering Solution for UAVs
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
SCADE Products
System Design & Simulation
System Architecture Design & Verification, Multi-physics
System Simulation
Control Software Design
Prototyping, Design, Verification, Qualified
Code Generation
HMI Software Design
Prototyping, Design, Verification, Qualified
Code Generation
System & Software
Lifecycle Management
Test Creation, Management & Execution, Requirements & Configuration Management,
Metrics & Dashboards, Documentation
Generation
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
SCADE Suite for UAV On-board Mission & Flight Control Software
Control Software Design
Model Coverage
Analysis
Formal
Verification
Time & Stack
Optimization
Debug &
Simulation
Model Checks
Object Code &
Compiler
Verification
SCADE Suite KCG
C & Ada
RTOS Adaptors
DO-178B
DO-178C
IEC 61508
EN 50128
ISO 26262
Certification Kits
Plant Model Co-
simulation (incl. FMI)
PROTOTYPE & DESIGN
VERIFY GENERATE
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
SCADE Display for UAV Ground Control Stations Software
HMI Software Design
PROTOTYPE & DESIGN
VERIFY
Simulation
Model Checks
GENERATE
SCADE Display KCG
DO-178B
DO-178C
IEC 61508
EN 50128
ISO 26262
Certification Kits
Plant Model Co-
simulation (incl. FMI)
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
SCADE LifeCycle for UAV Software LifeCycle Management
System & Software Lifecycle Management
Rapid
Prototyping
Test Creation,
Management &
Execution on Host
Test Execution
on Target
VALIDATE CREATE, MANAGE & EXECUTE TESTS
Project Documentation
Generation
DOCUMENT MONITOR
Project Metrics
Dashboard
Requirements
Management &
Traceability
Configuration &
Change Control,
ALM/PLM Integration
MANAGE
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Unique DO-178 Certification Industry Track Record • More than 100 DO-178B Equipment's Certifications
• Out of which 60 already achieved
• Mostly at DAL A & B
• On multiple aircraft programs at Airbus, Boeing, Dassault, Embraer, COMAC, Irkut, …
• By multiple certification authorities o FAA, EASA, Transport Canada, ANAC, CEAT, CAAC, AR MAK, etc.
“WORLD PREMIERE”: FIRST DO-178C CODE GENERATION
QUALIFICATION KITS AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Selected SCADE UAV Customers
• ADASI
• Airbus Defense & Space (CASA and Cassidian)
• AVIC
• Dassault Aviation
• Defense Singapore
• Elbit Systems
• Embraer
• HAL
• KAL/ADD
• Northrop Grummann
• Piaggio Aerospace
• Rheinmetall
• SAFRAN/ Sagem
• Selex Galileo
• Turkish Aerospace Ind.
• Thales Avionics
• US Army Redstone Arsenal
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
SCADE @ Piaggio Aerospace
• Program/Application: o MPA P.1HH Hammerhead UAV
o Vehicle Control and Management System (VCMS)
o Safety Level: DO-178B DAL B at least, DAL A for the most critical functions
• Problem: o Transform conventional aircraft into UAV
o Certify command & control architecture
o Highly accelerated project schedule
• ANSYS Solution: SCADE Suite + Display
• Results: o Development process accelerated by a factor of three
o Application source code produced: ~ 125000 SLOC (86% auto-generated SLOC)
o Development time: ~ 5 working months
o Size of System Engineering team (average): 4 engineers
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
SCADE @ XMobots
• Program/Application: o Nauru 500A Series UAV
o GCS-S19A & GCS-S10A Ground Control Stations
• Problem: o Keep the Equivalent Level of Safety (ELOS) of manned aircrafts
o Comply with aeronautical standards (DO-178/ARP 4754)
o Reduce the human resources in the project
o Increase quality and reliability of the system
• ANSYS Solution: SCADE Display + Suite
• Results: o Saved money (development time,
hardware, and higher quality SW)
o More robust and reliable software
o Better development process
o Focus on model and not in the code
o Ease of change and maintenance tasks
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Conclusion
© 2014 ANSYS, Inc. © Esterel Technologies - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company - Confidential & Proprietary
Strategic SCADE Benefits Summary
Time-to-Certification & Time-to-Market Speed Up 2X
Development & Testing Costs Reduction DO-178B/C Qualified Code Generators 50%
SCADE aligns Design Process according to DO-178B/C & ARP 4754A International Safety Regulations for UAVs
Design
Process