MSc Presentation V2

Developing polymer composites using waste and recycled materialsName: Amit Kumar Rana Matriculation number: 40135619Supervisor: Dr. Mike Barker

Research

• Blending three (epoxy resin, recycled rubber particles and powdered glass fibre) non-compatible materials into a homogenous mixture

• Investigating the potential filler

• Developing the formulation which could exhibit the required properties according to the British Standard BS EN 124-1994.

BS EN 124-1994

Group 1

min class A15

Group 2

min. class B125

Group 3

min. class C250

Group 4

min. class D400

Group 5

min. class E600

Group 6

class F 900

Pedestrians and pedal cyclists.

Footways, pedestrian areas, car parks or car parking decks.

In the area of kerbside channels of roads.

Carriageways of roads

Docks and aircraft pavements.

aircraft pavements

Materials

• Epoxy resin (bisphenol-A-epichlorhydrin)

• Slow hardener

• Recycled Rubber crumb (2mesh, 6mesh, 8mesh, 12mesh, 16mesh)

• Coupling agents (vinyltrimethoxysilane)

• Recycled Glass Fibre (18mm (shredded) to 1700microns (M10) to 375microns (M40) )

Description of the Formulations used

Epoxy Resin (g)

Slow Hardener (g)

Rubber (g)

Vinyltrimethoxysilane (g)

Glass fibre(g)

Formulation 1 45.8 10 3 (8 mesh) 1.2 0

Formulation 2 45.9 10.1 0 0 14

Formulation 3 53.4 11.7 3.5 (16 mesh) 1.4 0


Formulation 5 50.5 11.1 3.5 (16 mesh) 1.4 3.5



Formulation 8 33.3 7.3 7 (16 mesh) 1.4 21


Formulation 10 30.4 6.7 14 (16 mesh) 1.4 17.5


Variables

Controlled variables

• The percentage of coupling agent was constant at 2%wt.

• Temperature

Independent variable

• Recycled rubber crumb content

• Glass fibre content

Dependent variable

• Mechanical properties

• Tensile test, Charpy Impact test, 3-point bend test

Procedure

Preparation of mixture

according to the

formulation

Step 1

Poured mixture into the moulds

Step 2

Preparation and testing of Test samples

Step 3

Analyse Results

Step 4

Tensile Test ResultsMaterialcomposites

Tensile modulus MPa

Tensile strength MPa

Elongation at T.S.%

Stress at break MPa

Strain at break %

Epoxy 711 52.5 9.9 40.8 11.8Epoxy+5%R 296 21.2 8.9 15.1 11.0Epoxy+5%R+5%GF 499 25.5 5.9 24.9 5.9Epoxy+5%R+10%GF 383 19.7 4.8 19.6 4.8Epoxy+5%R+20%GF 273 13.9 7.8 11.8 13.1Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+hf 303 13.1 4.5 12.8 4.5

Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+ho 468 13.5 3.1 13.2 3.1

Epoxy+10%R+30%GF+CM

625 21.3 3.8 21.2 3.8

Epoxy+15%R+30%GF+CM

546 17.3 3.9 17.2 3.9

Epoxy+20%R+25%GF+CM

393 15.6 4.4 15.2 4.4

Epoxy+15%R 242 13.4 7.0 12.2 7.6

Tensile test 1

Epoxy

Epoxy

+5%

R

Epoxy

+5%

R+5%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+10%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+20%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+hf

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+ho

Epoxy

+10%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+20%

R+25%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Tensile test result

Te

nsi

le M

od

ulu

s (M

pa

)

Tensile test 2

Epoxy

Epoxy

+5%

R

Epoxy

+5%

R+5%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+10%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+20%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+hf

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+ho

Epoxy

+10%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+20%

R+25%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R0

10

20

30

40

50

60Tensile test result

Te

nsi

le s

tre

ng

th (

Mp

a)

Tensile test 3

Epoxy

Epoxy

+5%

R

Epoxy

+5%

R+5%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+10%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+20%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+hf

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+ho

Epoxy

+10%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+20%

R+25%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45Tensile test result

Str

ess

at b

rea

k (M

Pa

)

Charpy Impact Test Results

Material composite I.R.KJ/m2

Epoxy 6.97Epoxy+5%R 3.03

Epoxy+5%R+5%GF 1.53

Epoxy+5%R+10%GF 1.73

Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+hf 1.8

Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+ho 1.55

Epoxy+10%R+30%GF+CM 5.18

Epoxy+15%R+30%GF+CM 50.45

Epoxy+20%R+25%GF+CM 217.83

Epoxy+15%R 241.57

Charpy Impact Test

Epoxy

Epoxy

+5%

R

Epoxy

+5%

R+5%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+10%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+hf

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+ho

Epoxy

+10%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+20%

R+25%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R0

50

100

150

200

250

300

6.97 3.03 1.53 1.73 1.8 1.55 5.18

50.45

217.83241.57

Charpy Impact Test result

Imp

act

re

sist

an

ce (

KJ/

m2

)

3-point Bend Test Results

Material compostitesFmax

NdL at Fmax mm

Fbreak N

dL at break mm

flexural stress KN/mm2 maximum strain

Epoxy 153 6.97 124.45 10.09 12.80821 0.09679

Epoxy+5%R 110.56 6.03 109.63 6.4 10.9796 0.086298

Epoxy+5%R+5%GF 108 8 106 8.3 7.819779 0.131836

Epoxy+5%R+10%GF 49.2 10.5 47.7 11.9 11.45259 0.166421

Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+hf 66.3 5 63.7 5.1 8.292931 0.077051

Epoxy+5%R+30%GF+ho 43.6 4 42.2 4.1 10.09084 0.061699

Epoxy+10%R+30%GF+CM 62.23 3.13 61.78 3.18 12.14531 0.045575

Epoxy+15%R+30%GF+CM 58.07 2.93 58.02 2.95 12.70476 0.041976

Epoxy+20%R+25%GF+CM 66.67 3.43 65.02 3.48 9.865879 0.054867

Epoxy+15%R 86.03 6.16 17.28 12.79 8.370659 0.098626

3-point Bend Test 1

Epoxy

Epoxy

+5%

R

Epoxy

+5%

R+5%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+10%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+hf

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+ho

Epoxy

+10%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+20%

R+25%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

3-point bend test result

Fm

ax

(N)

3-point Bend Test 2

Epoxy

Epoxy

+5%

R

Epoxy

+5%

R+5%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+10%

GF

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+hf

Epoxy

+5%

R+30%

GF+ho

Epoxy

+10%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R+30%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+20%

R+25%

GF+CM

Epoxy

+15%

R0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

3-point bend test result

Fle

xura

l str

ess

(K

N/m

m2

)

Conclusion

• For improved mechanical behaviour the size of rubber particles is very important; because large size particles do not disperse and distribute very well as small size particles do.

• Increasing glass fibre content increases the brittleness of epoxy matrix causing drastically decreases in mechanical properties but there is a need to incorporate glass fibre into the epoxy because presence of rubber particles makes epoxy matrix very flexible having low tensile properties. Therefore, a considerable amount of both rubber and glass fibre need to add to obtain desired properties.

Recommendations

• Optimal temperature around 40oC should be maintained and compression moulding machine need to be used to high density product.

• Observe the different cracked sample surfaces under optical microscope.

• Prepare a prototype and study the mechanical properties of the prepared prototype in real life scenarios.

Thank You

MSc Presentation V2

Documents

Transcript of MSc Presentation V2