(M.Sc.)

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EPA

EPA

Action Plan

Additions

Amoco Cadiz

Antigua

Bacterial Decay

Biological Oxygen Demand

Buffering Capacity

Caspian Environment Programme

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Compechi

Conservative Wastes

Cornwall (Cornish) Coast

Degradeable Wastes

Deoxygenation

Dissipating Wastes

Dredged Spoils

Durham Coast

Ekofisk

Fly ash

Inert

Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization

International Atomic Energy Agancy

International Maritime Dangerous Goods

International Working Group Marine Pollution

Ixtoc

Ix-toc

Land s End

Load on top

Marine Emergency Mutual Aid Center

Nitrogen Oxides

Oil Spillage

Oxidative Process

Petren

Phytoplankton

Poly Chlorinated biphenyls (PCB S)

Polystyrene Spherules

Santabarbara

Solphur Oxides

Thermal dead point

Torry Canyon

Trail Smelter

Trillion becqueral

UN s Group of Experts on Scientific Aspect of Marine Pollution

Unesco s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

United Nation Environmental Programme(unep)

Volatile Organic Compounds

Legal Consideration on Convention for Prevention of Dumping of Wastes and Other

Matters at Sea and Assessment of its Implementation in Iran (London dumping convention)

Abstract: Making use of sea, as a place for dumping of wastes and other materials from human activities wasn t forbidden before creation of the convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matters (London Convention). Therefore, industrial countries, without any specific consideration, were dumping their wastes into the world s seas. Many years and before the beginning of rapid development of industry, the great self- purification of seas were preventing some of discharging problems. But gradually, the increase of industrial development activities, exceeded the production of wastes and other matters, and this led to the misuse of world s seas and oceans as a dump site. One of the most important consequences of 1972 Stockholm World Conference was to focusing world attention on threats have jeopardized marine environment balance. World countries` leaders committed in Stockholm to begin protecting the environment. Finally, this movement at marine environment section led to the creation of London Convention in the same year. London Convention was concluded for cooperating between countries at December 29,1972 to promote effective control of all marine environment polluting resources and to prevent marine pollution by dumping wastes and other matters. Then it was opened for signature to other countries. At last, after 15 states signature, this convention was entered in to force at August 30.1975. Ratification and execution of London Convention resulted in coordinated performance of countries in marine waste management. Common actions with supports and cooperation of different international, regional, governmental and non-governmental organizations and agencies prevent marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matters. Due to the importance of wastes in our marine and coastal areas, investigation of the performance of London Convention can identify the lack of regulations and lack of regulation supports about marine pollution prevention by dumping of wastes and other matters in Iran. Considering this issue, proper protection of seas will be achieved. London Convention has been studied here to achieve intended purposes. In first chapter, generalities about marine environment, including the importance and necessity of marine environment protection, with the focus on some internal and international resources of environmental law accompanying with marine pollution and its recourses, and finally, due to the study theme, dumping of wastes and other matters at seas with its impacts have been investigated .In the section of international measures, a brief history of marine pollution and marine environment international law with international law framework, exclusively for controlling of wastes and other material discharge at seas and oceans has been reviewed. In second chapter, obligations, amendments, and annexes of London Convention have been investigated and classified. The obligations have been categorized in to legal obligations and technical and organizational obligations. In former section, subject ,purpose, territory, exceptions, rights and duties of parties, convention amendments, and in latter, special requirements for wastes assessment, determination of pollutants` permissible limit, site selection and type of discharge selection, design principles for marine environment quality monitoring program, and discharge license issuance mechanism have been studied. In third chapter, due to the examination of convention performance in Iran, the internal law system for marine environment conservation and its pollution has been mentioned in detail. Considering this, two issues have been compared .firstly, convention obligations with regional treaties that Iran as a party to them and secondly, Iranian internal law thereof .Finally, common and different aspects of these issues have been determined. At last, recommendations and strategies for convention enforcement and conformity of its obligations with internal regulations have been presented. Furthermore, translation of convention English text has been reviewed and its protocol has been translated.

ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY

Science and Research Branch

Tehran

Thesis of: Environmental management (M.Sc.)

On: Environmental law

Subject:

Legal Consideration on Convention for Prevention of Dumping of Wastes and Other Matters at Sea and Assessment of its

Implementation in Iran(London dumping convention)

Thesis Advisors:

Dr. M. poornouri

Dr. A. Poorhashemi

Consulting Advisor:

Dr. P. Farshchi

By:

Sara Amirhosseini

2007-2008