M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY II SEMESTER COURSE CODE: · PDF fileSex determination, Chromosomal theory...

M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY II SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: BTC 201 COURSE TYPE: CCC

COURSE TITLE: CODE: IMMUNOLOGY

CREDIT: 07

THEORY: 05 PRACTICAL: 02

HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30 PRACTICAL: 33

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this course is to cater the students the information

regarding the body’s defence mechanism, components of defence system, genetic control

and the consequences arising due to failure of defence mechanism. The course also includes

immunotechniques for providing modern insights regarding the subject.

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Introduction, history and scope of Immune system. Types of immunity – innate,

acquired, passive and active. Clonal nature of immune response. Antigens – properties

and types. Immunogenecity and antigenecity. Factors affecting immunogenecity.

Antigenic epitopes, adjuvants, haptens, superantigens.

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Cells and organs of immune system: Hematopoiesis and differentiation, B and T

lymphocytes and their activation, natural killer cells, mononuclear cells, granulocytes,

dendritic cells. Lymphatic system: Primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Cell

mediated cytotoxicity: mechanism of T cell and NK cell mediated lysis and ADCC.

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IT-3

20 H

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rs Antibody structure and function isotype, allotype and idiotype. Immunoglobulin

classes and sub classes. Antigen and antibody interactions and Immuno-techniques -

ELISA, RIA, Western Blot, Immuno-blot and Immuno-fluorescent techniques. Major

histocompatibility complex, HLA. Generation of antibody diversity and complement

system.

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rs Antigen processing and presentation, generation of humoral and cell mediated

immune responses, cytokines and their role in immune regulation, T- cell regulation,

MHC- regulation, Immunological tolerance, Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity,

Immonosenesence.

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15 H

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Transplantation, Immunity to infectious agents (intracellular parasites, helimenths &

viruses,) Tumor Immunology, AIDS and other immunodeficiences. Vaccines,

Hybridoma Technology and Monoclonal Antibodies.

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1. Grouping of blood and Rh typing.

2. Latex agglutination test for rheumatoid factor and pregnancy.

3. ELISA - demonstration

4. Total RBC count, Total WBC count, Total platelet count

5. Differential WBC count & Absolute eosinophil count

6. Radial Immuno diffusion and Double diffusion.

7. Isolation and purification of IgG from serum or IgY from chicken Egg.

8. Blood smear identification of leucocytes by Giemsa stain

9. Demonstration of Phagocytosis of latex beads

10. Immuno-electrophoresis

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1. Abdul, K., Abbas, Andrew K. L., Jordan, S. P. (1998). Cellular and Molecular

Immunology. Sanders College Pub.

2. Benjamine, E., Cocoi., Sunshine. (2000). Immunology 4 th edition- Wiley- Liss.

Publ. NY.

3. Male D., Champion B. Cooke A. and Owen M. (1991) Advanced Immunology

4. Richard A. Goldsby, Thomas J. Kindt and Barbara A. (2005) Kuby

Immunology Osborne 6 Ed. Edition

5. Roitt, I.M. (1998). Essential Immunology, ELBS, Blackwell Scientific

Publishers, London.

6. Tizard I.R. (1995). Immunology, 4thedition, Saunder College Pub.



COURSE TITLE: CODE: GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING

CREDIT: 07


HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100


OBJECTIVE: The ever increasing population is posing major problems in front of

developing nations. Fulfillment of food requirement of all individuals is one such

challenging problem. Biotechnology offers various options in which this problem can be

dealt with. In this regards this course aims to impart basic knowledge of genetic principles

and possible ways in which these principles could be utilized in plant breeding for

production of improved varieties.

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Mendel’s laws. Non Mendelian Inheritance/Medelian deviation; Gene interactions,

Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance and epistatic, Extra chromosomal inheritance,

Lethal gene, Multiple alleles. Sex determination, Chromosomal theory of inheritance.

Linkage and crossing over.

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Genetic mutation. Structural and numerical variations of chromosomes. DNA-based

markers; RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, CAPs, SSR, SCAR and SNPs etc. Gene tagging and

QTL mapping, mapping populations (F2s, back crosses, RILs, NILs and DH). Marker-

assisted selection and molecular breeding for qualitative and quantitative traits. Gene

pyramiding.

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15 H

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rs DNA and RNA as genetic material. Structure of DNA different types of RNAs and

their roles; differences between DNA and RNA. Organization of DNA in

chromosomes. Genetic code, Nature, structure and replication of the genetic material.

DNA Transcription, translation and its regulation.

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rs Introduction, History and Objectives of plant breeding, Genetic basis of breeding self-

and cross - pollinated crops. Heritability and genetic advance, genotype environment

interaction; General and specific combining ability; Types of gene actions and

implications in plant breeding. Self-incompatibility and male sterility in crop plants.

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IT-5

20 H

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rs Pure line theory, pure line selection and mass selection methods. Population

improvement. Polyploidy in Plant Breeding. Breeding for quality. Hybrid breeding -

genetical and physiological basis of heterosis and inbreeding, Transgressive breeding.

Mutation breeding; Breeding for abiotic and biotic stresses

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1. Laboratory exercises in probability and chi-square

2. Demonstration of genetic principles using laboratory organisms

3. Chromosome mapping using three point test cross

4. Induction and detection of mutations through genetic tests.

5. Floral biology in self and cross pollinated species

6. Selfing and crossing techniques

7. Selection of breeding population

8. Selection methods in segregating populations and evaluation of breeding

material

9. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

10. Estimation of heritability and genetic advance

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1. Chopra VL. (2001) Breeding Field Crops. Oxford & IBH

2. Chopra VL. (2004) Plant Breeding. Oxford & IBH.

3. Gupta SK. (2005) Practical Plant Breeding. Agribios.

4. Pohlman JM & Bothakur DN. (1972) Breeding Asian Field Crops. Oxford &

IBH.

5. Roy D. (2003) Plant Breeding, Analysis and Exploitation of Variation. Narosa

Publ.House.

6. Sharma JR. (2001) Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding. Tata McGraw-

Hill.

7. Simmonds NW. (1990) Principles of Crop Improvement. English Language

Book Society.

8. Singh BD. (2006) Plant Breeding. Kalyani.

9. Singh P. (2002). Objective Genetics and Plant Breeding. Kalyani.

10. Singh S & Pawar IS. (2006). Genetic Bases and Methods of Plant Breeding.

CBS.



COURSE TITLE: GENETIC ENGINEERING & r-DNA TECHNOLOGY

CREDIT: 07


HOURS: 135


MARKS: 100


OBJECTIVE: Genetic-engineering has given new dimensions to scientific research. It has

made possible the generation of novel genetic combination within the living system, with its

applications in countless fields such as Agriculture, Medicine, Industries, Environment etc.

in this respect the paper aims at imparting knowledge regarding the procedures, tools,

guidelines and applications of gene manipulation.

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rs Basic principles and scopes of genetic engineering. Basic tools: Restriction

endonucleases types and uses. DNA modifying enzymes: Nucleases, Polymerases,

Phosphatases and DNA ligases. Gene cloning vectors: Plasmids, Bacteriophages,

Phagemids, Cosmids, Artificial chromosomes.

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18 H

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rs Vector Engineering and introduction of recombinant DNA into prokaryotic and

eukaryotic systems. Homo polymer tailing, cohesive and blunt end ligation, adaptors,

linkers. Recombinant screening and selection – markers, nucleic acid hybridizations:

colony, plaque, dot blot, southern and northern. Construction of genomic and c-DNA

libraries.

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Strategies of gene delivery, Gene gun, Microenjection. In vitro translation, gene

regulation and expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Production of protein drugs

for clinical trial. Chromosome engineering, Targeted gene replacement, gene editing.

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rs Polymerase chain reaction introduction types and applications. S1 Mapping.

Restriction mapping and Chromosome walking. Molecular markers viz; RFLP,

RAPD, AFLP and SNPs in genome analysis. Application in forensic, Disease

prognosis, Genetic counseling, Pedigree analysis, Taxonomy and biodiversity.

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rs Transgenic and gene Knockout technologies, Gene therapy, Vectors and gene

delivery, Gene replacement/augmentation, Processing of Recombinant proteins, Intra

cellular periplasmic and extra cellular expression of protein. Purification and

refolding. Characterization of recombinant proteins. Stabilization of proteins. Phage

display system.

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1. Isolation of genomic DNA from microbial, plant and animal sources.

2. Isolation of plasmid DNA.

3. Estimation of DNA using diphenylamine reagent and by UV

spectrophotometer.

4. Isolation of RNA from yeast.

5. Estimation of RNA using orcinol reagent and by UV spectrophotometry.

6. Digestion of plasmid DNA with restriction endonucleases.

7. Separation of DNA fragments by Agarose gel electrophoresis.

8. Elution of DNA from agarose gels.

9. Ligation of DNA fragments.

10. Amplification of DNA by PCR.

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1. Anthony JF Griffiths, William M Gelbart, Jeffrey H Miller, and Richard C.

Lewontin, (1999) Modern Genetic Analysis (1 st Ed.)W. H. Freeman

Publishers.NY.

2. Benjamin Lewis, (2004) Genes VIII (3rd

Ed.) Oxford University & Cell Press,

NY.

3. Ernst-L Winnacker, (2003) From Genes to Clones: Introduction to Gene

Technology WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany Reprinted by

Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

4. Nicholl D.S.T. (2000) Introduction to Genetic Engineering Cambridge

(3rdEd.) University press. UK.

5. Old R.W., Primrose S.B. (1996) Principles of gene manipulation - An

introduction to genetic engineering (5thEd.), Blackwell Scientific Publications,

6. S. B. Primrose, Richard M. Twyman, (2006) Principles of gene manipulation

and genomics (7 th Ed.) John Wiley & Sons publishers.

7. Sambrook J et al. (2000) Molecular cloning Volumes I, II and III. Cold Spring

Harbor laboratory Press, New York, USA.


COURSE CODE: BTC 221 COURSE TYPE: PRJ/FST/EST

COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL OUTREACH AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

Note for Students:

1. During the 2nd

semester, all students will have to go for Educational Study Tour/Field

Study Tour (EST/FST) under the supervision of Professor/ Associate Professor/

Assistant Professor of Dept. of Biotechnology, Sarguja University, Ambikapur,

Chhattisgarh and finally will have to submit report not more than 40 pages on his/her

assignment.

2. Report of Educational Study Tour/Field Study Tour (EST/FST) will be evaluated by

the board/committee constituted by the Head, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sarguja

University, Ambikapur, at the Dept. of Biotechnology Sarguja University,

Ambikapur.


COURSE CODE: BTC B01 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB

COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOREST LAWS

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE:

Understands the concept and place of research in concerned subject

Gets acquainted with various resources for research

Becomes familiar with various tools of research

Gets conversant with sampling techniques, methods of research and techniques of

analysis of data

Achieves skills in various research writings

Gets acquainted with computer Fundamentals and Office Software Package.

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18 H

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Evolution of Forest and Wild Life Laws:

a) Importance of Forest and Wildlife

b) Evolution of Forest and Wild Life Laws

c) Forest Policy during British Regime

d) Forest Policies after Independence.

e) Methods of Forest and Wildlife Conservation.

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Forest Protection and Law

a) Indian Forest Act, 1927,

b) Forest Conservation Act, 1980 & Rules therein

c) Rights of Forest Dwellers and Tribal

d) The Forest Rights Act, 2006

e) National Forest Policy 1988

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18 H

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rs Wildlife Protection and Law

a) Wild Life Protection Act, 1972

b) Wild Life Conservation strategy and Projects

c) The National Zoo Policy

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Chapter – Basic Concepts

a) Meaning and definition of environment.

b) Multidisciplinary nature of environment

c) Concept of ecology and ecosystem

d) Importance of environment

e) Meaning and types of environmental pollution.

f) Factors responsible for environmental degradation.

Chapter– Introduction to Legal System

a) Acts, Rules, Policies, Notification, circulars etc

b) Constitutional provisions on Environment Protection

c) Judicial review, precedents

d) Writ petitions, PIL and Judicial Activism

Chapter – Legislative Framework for Pollution Control Laws

a) Air Pollution and Law.

b) Water Pollution and Law.

c) Noise Pollution and Law.

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Chapter- Legislative Framework for Environment Protection

a) Environment Protection Act & rules there under

b) Hazardous Waste and Law

c) Principles of Strict and absolute Liability.

d) Public Liability Insurance Act

e) Environment Impact Assessment Regulations in India

Chapter – Environmental Constitutionalism

a) Fundamental Rights and Environment

i) Right to Equality ……….Article 14

ii) Right to Information ……Article 19

iii) Right to Life …………..Article 21

iv) Freedom of Trade vis-à-vis Environment Protection

b) The Forty-Second Amendment Act

c) Directive Principles of State Policy & Fundamental Duties

d) Judicial Activism and PIL

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1. Bharucha, Erach. (2005) Text Book of Environmental Studies. Hyderabad :

University Press (India) Private limited,

2. Doabia, T. S. (2005) Environmental and Pollution Laws in India. New Delhi:

Wadhwa and Company,

3. Environmental Pollution by Asthana and Asthana, S,Chand Publication

4. Environmental Science by Dr. S.R.Myneni, Asia law House

5. Joseph, Benny (2006)Environmental Studies, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Company Limited,

6. Khan. I. A, (2002) Text Book of Environmental Laws. Allahabad: Central Law

Agency,

7. Leelakrishnan, P. (2006) Environmental Law Case Book. 2nd

Edition. New

Delhi: LexisNexis Butterworths,

8. Shastri, S. C (2006) Human Rights, Development and Environmental Law, An

Anthology. Jaipur: Bharat law Publications,

9. Gurdip Singh, Environmental Law in India (2005) Macmillan.

10. Shyam Diwan and Armin Rosencranz, Environmental Law and Policy in India

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11. Cases, Materials and Statutes (2nd

ed., 2001) Oxford University Press.

JOURNALS :-

Journal of Indian Law Institute, ILI New Delhi.

Journal of Environmental Law, NLSIU, Bangalore.

MAGAZINES :-

Economical and Political Weekly

Down to Earth.



COURSE TITLE: ENZYMOLOGY & ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE: Enzymes are the bio-catalysts involved in numerous bio-chemical reactions

within the cell. More importantly enzyme activity is also observed in-vitro under

appropriate conditions and hence enzymes can also be utilized outside the cellular

environment as in industrial fermentation, research purposes etc. in this regards, this

paper aims to impart the students the basic knowledge concerning enzyme functioning,

kinetics, industrial application to help students pursue their career in this field in future.

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rs Introduction to Enzymes, enzyme nomenclature, enzyme commission numbers, and

classification of enzymes. Isolation and purification of enzymes, preparation of

purification chart, Enzyme activity, Specific activity and turn over number, Marker

enzymes.

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Enzyme Kinetics: Steady state, pre-steady state, equilibrium, kinetics, Michaelis and

Menten Equation and its derivation, Different methods to calculate the Km and Vmax

and their significance.

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18

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rs Factor affecting enzyme activity and catalysis: pH, substrate and enzyme

concentration, temperature, coenzyme and cofactors, Mechanism of action of enzymes

involving two/more substrates. Role of metal ions in enzyme catalysis. Enzyme

inhibition, different types of inhibitors and activators.

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18 H

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Structure and function of enzymes: Lysozyme, chymotrypsin, DNA polymerase,

RNase, proteases. Enzyme regulation and control of their activity. Introduction to

allosteric enzymes and isozymes.

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18 H

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rs Enzyme Technology: Immobilization of enzymes, whole cell immobilization and their

application, commercial production of enzymes, RNA-catalysis, Catalytic antibodies -

abzymes, Protein and Enzyme engineering: Design and construction of novel

enzymes.

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1. A textbook of Enzyme Biotechnology By Alan Wiseman.

2. Advances in Enzymology: v. 47 (Hardcover) By Alton Meister. John Wiley and

Sons Inc.

1. Biochemistry: Biomolecules, Mechanisms of Enzyme Action and Metabolism

Vol 1 (Hardcover) By D Voet. John Wiley

3. Enzymes By M Dixon and EC Webb. EC Longmans, London.

4. Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical Chemistry By Trevor

Palmer.

5. Fundamentals of Enzymology: Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic

Proteins (Paperback)By Nicholas C. Price and Lewis Stevens. Oxford

University Press.

6. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 4th Ed By David L. Nelson and Michael

M. Cox,WH Freeman and Company.

7. Nature of Enzymology By RL Foster

8. Principles of Biochemistry (Hardcover)By Geoffrey Zubay. Publisher:

McGraw Hill College.



COURSE TITLE: MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is to impart the students basic knowledge

of advanced biotechnological methods, their principles and their possible uses in modern

biotechnological research.

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18 H

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rs Proteomics techniques: Techniques used in gene detection and expression studies:

Southern hybridization, Northern hybridization, western hybridization, PCR and RT-

PCR Peptide sequencing and synthesis: principles and strategies for protein

sequencing. Design of primers from ammo acids sequences

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18 H

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rs DNA- protein interaction techniques: Gel mobility shift assay, DNA-protein cross-

linking assay, Dnase I foot printing and Sl nuclease mapping. Protein- protein

interactions: chemical cross-linking. Yeast-2-hybid, Yeast-3-hybid and their various

versions. Principles and applications.

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Reporter genes: Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat), neomycin phosphoryl

transferase II (nptII), Luciferase, β- galactosidese etc. and their applications in

expression kinetics and promoter probing studies.

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18

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Protein folding: Protein folding and the roles of Molecular chaperones. Mechanism

and relevance to biotechnology. Assisted protein folding , In-vitro protein folding.

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18

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rs Drugs design: Drug design and various approaches: by blocking enzyme activity,

Inhibitor for Dihydroxyfolate reducase (DHFR), Renin. HIV reverse transcriptase etc

Drug design by blocking hormone receptors, propanolol for norepinephrine and

epinephrine etc, and drug design by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis using antisense

RNA technology.

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1. Nicholl, An Introduction to Genetic Engg. - 2 ed, Cambridge

2. Primrose, Principles of Gene Manipulation - 6 ed, Blackwell

3. Winnacker, From Genes to Clones, Panima

4. Primrose, Principle of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell

5. Griffiths, Intro. to Genetic Analysis - 8 ed, Freeman Pub.

6. Maxine singer-berg, Genes – Genomes, Uni. Sci. Book

7. T.A.Brown, Gene Clonning - DNA Analysis, Blackwell

8. John Witkowski, Recombinant DNA, Scientific American

9. Piramal, Molecular Biotechnology, Dominant Pub.

10. Christoph W. Sensen , Essentials Of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Wiley-

VCH.

11. David Bowtell and Joseph Sambrook, DNA Microarrays, CSHL Press



COURSE TITLE: HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA : 30

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is to cater the students the information

regarding advanced molecular techniques used in analysis of human genetic disorders so

that the students will develop an insight regarding molecular mechanism of genetic

disorders and develop interest in the direction of their amelioration in future.

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Genetic mapping of Mendelian traits: Identifying recombinants and non-

recombinants in pedigrees, Genetic and physical map distances, Genetic markers.

Two-point mapping- LOD score analysis, Multipoint mapping, Homozygosity

mapping

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Genetic mapping of complex traits: Difficulties in mapping complex traits, Allele

sharing methods- Affected sib pair analysis, Allelic association, Linkage

disequilibrium mapping, Transmission disequilibrium test.

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20 H

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Physical mapping methods, Low resolution mapping- Cell hybrids, mini- and

microcells, synteny of genes, Radiation hybrid mapping, Assembly of clone contigs,

Identifying genes in cloned DNA, Integration of cytogenetic, genetic and physical

map

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rs Molecular pathology, Nomenclature of mutations and their databases, Loss-of-

function and gain-of-function mutations in diseases, Instability of the human genome:

Pathogenicity associated with repeat sequences.

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18 H

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DNA testing, Direct testing, Screening for unknown mutations, Detection of known

mutations, Indirect tests – gene tracking, DNA profiling: establishing identity and

relationships, Population screening - ethics, organization and advantages.

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1 Davies Human Genetic Disease Analysis IRL (1993)

2. Haines & Pericak (1998) Approaches to Gene Mapping in Complex Human

Diseases, Wiley

3. Nussbaum et al (2001) Genetics in Medicine Saunders

4. Pasternak (2000) An Introduction to Molecular Human Genetics, Fritzgerald

5. Rimoin et al (2002) Principles & Practice of Medical Genetics, Vol I-III

Churchill

6. Strachan & Read (1999) Human Molecular Genetics, Wiley

7. Sudbery (2002) Human Molecular Genetics, Prentice-Hall



COURSE TITLE: BIOETHICS & BIOTECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

CREDIT: 06


HOURS: 90


MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

Objectives: This paper provides information on ethical issues involved in biotechnology

experiments. This also addresses on Biosafety aspects in Biotechnology and intellectual

property rights. The main objectives of this course are; 1) To enable the students to know

about the legal issues affecting the biotechnology research and how to establish ownership

of a novel finding. 2) The students will be able to understand the legal aspects involved in

the biotechnology research.

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Bioethics: Ethical issues related to biotechnology and biomedical research and their

impact to living system, Public education of the processes of biotechnology involved

in generating new forms of life for informed decision making.

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Socioeconomic Impacts of Biotechnology: Beneficial applications and development of

research focus to the need of the poor, identification of directions for yield effect in

agriculture, bioremediation and environmental impacts of release of GMOs, social

issues to biotechnology.

UN

IT-3

15 H

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Introduction – Meaning – nature and characteristics of Management, Management V/s

Administration, Roles of Management, Levels of Management. Evolution of

management thought: early, contemporary and modern.

UN

IT-4

15 H

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rs Nature, purpose and importance of planning process. Types of plans. Decision

making. Importance of planning – steps in planning & planning premises.

Nature and purpose of organization. Principles of organization, Types of organization.

Meaning and nature of directing.

UN

IT-5

15 H

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rs Structure of a Biotechnology Company. Start-up of Biotechnology Company, New

Product Development. Market Research. Sales & Marketing Principles. Intellectual

Property Principles in Biotechnology. Health Care Overview and Role of Government

in Biotechnology.

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1. Fleming, D.A., Hunt, D.L., (2000) Biological safety Principles and practices.

ASM Press.

2. P.C.Tripathi, P.N. Reddy: Principles of Management –– Tata McGraw Hill,

3. Poornima.M.Charantimath (2006) Entrepreneurship Development –– Small

Business Enterprises – Pearson Education (2 & 4).

4. S.S.Khanka: Entrepreneurship Development –– S.Chand & Co.

5. Sassaon A. (1988) Biotechnologies and development. UNESCO Publications.

6. Sateesh, M.K. (2008) Bioethics & Biosaftey, IK Publishers.

7. Thomas, J.A. and Fuch, R.L. (2002) Biotechnology and Safety Assessment.

Academic Press.

8. Vasant Desai: Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development & Management–

Himalaya Publishing House



COURSE TITLE: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT

CREDIT: 06

THEORY: 06

HOURS: 90

THEORY: 90

MARKS: 100

THEORY: 70 CCA: 30

OBJECTIVE: The real India lives in the Indian villages. The main occupation of villagers

is agriculture and animal and related works. Till the date not much change is evidenced in

the village scenario. The problem of waste management, hygiene, balanced food etc and

yet more still prevails in our villages, in this regards this paper aims to give the students

insights of some simple yet efficient techniques to deal with such problems and comfort the

life , raise the life standards and present new options for the economic growth.

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20

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Microbial inoculants- Selection & establishment of nitrogen fixing bacteria.Production

of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirilla, cyanobacteria and other nitrogen fixing

bacterial cultures. Quality control of bio inoculants; Phosphate solubilising bacteria;

mycorrhiza; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); Biocontrol microbial

inoculants.

UN

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20

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Role of microorganisms for biomonitoring of various quality-parameters related to

water and wastewater - Indicator organisms, single species laboratory bioassays and

biosensors. Brief introduction to various stages of wastewater treatment: Primary,

secondary and tertiary treatment. Control of pathogens in water and wastewater. Use

of microorganisms for removal of various toxins and metallic ions from wastewater.

UN

IT-3

20 H

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rs Vermiculture: definition, scope and importance - common species for culture, culture

methods, wormery breeding techniques - indoor and outdoor cultures - monoculture

and polyculture - relative merits and demerits. Vermin-composting, use of

vermicastings in organic farming / horticulture - earthworms for management of

biomedical solid wastes - feed / bait for capture / culture fisheries - forest regeneration

UN

IT-4

15 H

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Single cell protein: microorganisms used; raw material used as substrate; condition for

growth and production; nutritive value and uses of SCP. Baker’s yeast; Production of

probiotic biomass; and mold cultures. Mushroom production: cultivation of different

types of mushroom; edible mushroom; diseases of mushrooms therapeutic value of an

edible mushroom; production of pectin and microbial conversion of woody biomass. U

NIT

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20 H

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Mass cultivation of cyanobacteria under outdoor and indoor conditions. Cyanobacteria

as a source of fine chemicals, polysaccharides, bioactive molecules, pigments,

antioxidants, lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cyanobacteria as biofertilizer for

paddy cultivation. Hydrogen production by cyanobacteria: Mechanism, progress and

prospects. Cyanobacterial and algal fuels; Fine chemicals (restriction enzymes etc)

and nutraceuticals from algae

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1. Casida, Industrial microbiology-, L.E. New age international Ltd, Publishers.

New Delhi:

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M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY II SEMESTER COURSE CODE: · PDF fileSex determination, Chromosomal theory...

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