Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Moving into the 1 9 60s: “Anxiety, Alienation,...
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Transcript of Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Moving into the 1 9 60s: “Anxiety, Alienation,...
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Moving into the 1
9 60s:
Moving into the 1
9 60s:““Anxiety, Alienation, and Anxiety, Alienation, and
Social Unrest” Social Unrest” ????
““Conservatism, Conservatism, Complacency, and Complacency, and
Contentment”Contentment”OROROROR
1A. Baby Boom1A. Baby BoomIt seems to me that every other It seems to me that every other young housewife I see is pregnant.young housewife I see is pregnant. -- British visitor to America, -- British visitor to America, 19581958
1957 1957 1 baby born every 7 1 baby born every 7 secondsseconds
2A. Suburban Living2A. Suburban Living
$7,990 or $60/month with no down $7,990 or $60/month with no down payment.payment.
Levittown, L. I.: Levittown, L. I.: “The American “The American Dream”Dream”
1949 1949 William LevittWilliam Levitt produced produced 150 houses per week. 150 houses per week.
2A. Suburban Living:The New “American Dream”
2A. Suburban Living:The New “American Dream”
k 1 story high1 story high
k 12’x19’ living 12’x19’ living roomroom
k 2 bedrooms2 bedrooms
k tiled bathroomtiled bathroom
k garagegarage
k small backyardsmall backyard
k front lawnfront lawn
By 1960By 1960 1/3 of the U. S. population in 1/3 of the U. S. population in the suburbs. the suburbs.
2B. Suburban Living2B. Suburban Living
SHIFTS IN POPULATION SHIFTS IN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DISTRIBUTION,
1940-19701940-1970
19401940 19501950 19601960 19701970Central CitiesCentral Cities 31.6% 32.3% 31.6% 32.3% 32.6% 32.0% 32.6% 32.0%SuburbsSuburbs 19.5% 23.8% 19.5% 23.8% 30.7% 30.7% 41.6%41.6%Rural Areas/Rural Areas/ 48.9% 43.9% 48.9% 43.9% 36.7% 26.4% 36.7% 26.4%Small TownsSmall Towns
U. S. Bureau of the Census.U. S. Bureau of the Census.
2c. Suburban Living:The Typical TV Suburban Families
2c. Suburban Living:The Typical TV Suburban Families
The The Donna Donna Reed Reed ShowShow1958-1958-19661966
Leave It Leave It to Beaverto Beaver1957-19631957-1963
FatherFather Knows Knows BestBest
1954-19581954-1958
The Ozzie & Harriet The Ozzie & Harriet ShowShow
1952-19661952-1966
3B. Consumerism3B. Consumerism
4A. A Changing Workplace
4A. A Changing Workplace
Automation:
1947-1957 factory workers decreased by 4.3%, eliminating 1.5 million blue-collar jobs.
By 1956 more white-collar than blue-collar jobs in the U. S.
Computers Mark I (1944). First IBM mainframe computer (1951).Corporate Consolidation:
By 1960 600 corporations (1/2% of all U. S. companies) accounted for 53% of total corporate income.
WHY?? Cold War military buildup.
4B. A Changing Workplace
4B. A Changing Workplace
New Corporate CultureNew Corporate Culture:: “The Company Man”“The Company Man”
1956 1956 Sloan Wilson’sSloan Wilson’s The Man in The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit the Gray Flannel Suit
5A. The Culture of the Car
5A. The Culture of the Car
Car registrations: 1945 Car registrations: 1945 25,000,00025,000,000 1960 1960 60,000,000 60,000,000
2-family cars doubles from 1951-2-family cars doubles from 1951-19581958
1956 1956 Interstate Highway ActInterstate Highway Act largestlargest public works project in American public works project in American history! history!
Å Cost $32 billion.Cost $32 billion.
Å 41,000 miles of new highways 41,000 miles of new highways built.built.
1959 Chevy 1959 Chevy CorvetteCorvette
1958 Pink 1958 Pink CadillacCadillac
6A. Television6A. Television 1946 1946 7,000 TV sets in the U. S. 7,000 TV sets in the U. S.
1950 1950 50,000,000 TV sets in the U. 50,000,000 TV sets in the U. S.S.
Mass Audience Mass Audience TV celebrated TV celebrated traditionaltraditional
American values. American values.
Television is a vast wasteland.Television is a vast wasteland. Newton Minnow, Chairman of the Newton Minnow, Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, Federal Communications Commission, 19611961
Truth, Justice, and the American way!Truth, Justice, and the American way!
6B. Television – The Western
6B. Television – The Western
Davy CrockettDavy CrockettKing of the Wild King of the Wild
FrontierFrontier
The Lone RangerThe Lone Ranger(and his faithful(and his faithfulsidekick, Tonto): sidekick, Tonto): Who is that masked Who is that masked man??man??
Sheriff Matt Sheriff Matt Dillon, Dillon,
GunsmokeGunsmoke
6C. Television - Family Shows
6C. Television - Family Shows
I Love I Love LucyLucy
The The HoneymoonersHoneymooners
Glossy view of mostly Glossy view of mostly middle-class suburban life.middle-class suburban life.
But...But...
Social Winners?... AND… Social Winners?... AND… Loosers?Loosers?
7A. Teen Culture
7A. Teen CultureIn the 1950s In the 1950s the word the word “teenager”“teenager” entered entered
the American language. the American language.
By 1956 By 1956 13 mil. teens with $7 bil. to spend 13 mil. teens with $7 bil. to spend a year. a year.
1951 1951 “ROCK ‘N ROLL” “ROCK ‘N ROLL”
Elvis PresleyElvis Presley “The “The King”King”
7B. Teen Culture
7B. Teen Culture
““Juvenile Delinquency” Juvenile Delinquency” ??????
Marlon BrandoMarlon Brando inin
The Wild OneThe Wild One (1953)(1953)
James DeanJames Dean in inRRebel Without a ebel Without a
CauseCause (1955) (1955)
1951 1951 J. D. Salinger’sJ. D. Salinger’s A Catcher in the RyeA Catcher in the Rye
7D. Teen Culture
7D. Teen Culture
Behavioral Rules of the Behavioral Rules of the 1950s:1950s:U Obey Authority.Obey Authority.
U Control Your Emotions.Control Your Emotions.
U Don’t Make Waves Don’t Make Waves Fit Fit in in with the Group.with the Group.
9A. Well-Defined Roles
9A. Well-Defined Roles
The The ideal modern womanideal modern woman married, cooked married, cooked and and cared for her family, and kept herself cared for her family, and kept herself busy by joining the local PTA and leading busy by joining the local PTA and leading a troop of Campfire Girls. She a troop of Campfire Girls. She entertained guests in her family’s entertained guests in her family’s suburban house and worked out on the suburban house and worked out on the trampoline to keep her size 12 figure.trampoline to keep her size 12 figure. -- -- LifeLife magazine, 1956 magazine, 1956
MarilynMarilynMonroeMonroe
The The ideal 1950s manideal 1950s man was the provider, protector, was the provider, protector, and the boss of the house. -and the boss of the house. -- - LifeLife magazine, 1955 magazine, 1955
1956 1956 William H. Whyte, Jr. William H. Whyte, Jr. The The Organization Man Organization Man
A a middle-class, white a middle-class, white suburban suburban male is the ideal.male is the ideal.
10A. Progress Through Science10A. Progress Through Science
1951 -- 1951 -- First IBM Mainframe First IBM Mainframe ComputerComputer
1952 -- 1952 -- Hydrogen BombHydrogen Bomb Test Test
1953 -- 1953 -- DNADNA Structure Discovered Structure Discovered
1954 -- 1954 -- Salk VaccineSalk Vaccine Tested for Tested for PolioPolio
1957 -- First Commercial 1957 -- First Commercial U. S. U. S. NuclearNuclear Power Plant Power Plant
1958 -- 1958 -- NASANASA Created Created
1959 -- Press Conference of the 1959 -- Press Conference of the First 7First 7 American Astronauts American Astronauts
10B. Progress Through Science10B. Progress Through Science
1957 1957 Russians launch Russians launch SPUTNIK SPUTNIK II
1958 1958 National National Defense Defense Education Act Education Act
10C. Progress Through Science10C. Progress Through Science
UFO SightingsUFO Sightings skyrocketed in the skyrocketed in the 1950s.1950s.
War of the War of the WorldsWorlds
Hollywood used aliens as a Hollywood used aliens as a metaphor metaphor
for whom for whom ????
10D. Progress Through Science10D. Progress Through Science
Atomic AnxietiesAtomic Anxieties::
““Duck-and-Cover Duck-and-Cover Generation”Generation”
Atomic TestingAtomic Testing::
1946-1962 1946-1962 U. S. exploded 217 U. S. exploded 217 nuclear weapons over nuclear weapons over thethe Pacific and in Nevada. Pacific and in Nevada.