Ms. Napolitano & Mrs. Haas CP Biology Interphase: cell growth G 1, S, & G 2 phases combined M Phase: cell division Mitosis division of the nucleus Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm Mitosis = asexual reproduction Makes identical clones 1 cell = 2 daughter cells Original cell Daughter cells Chromosomes carries genetic information Made of DNA & proteins All organisms have a specific number Fruit flies = 8 Carrots = 18 Humans = 46 Not visible until cell division Made of two sister chromatids attached at the centromere Human body cells (not sex cells) are diploid One set from mom, one set from dad! Humans: 2n = 46 23 SETS of chromosomes, 46 total 4 Stages: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase *Dont forget Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis! Longest phase Chromosomes become visible DNA originally chromatin mass of DNA Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell Spindle fibers form (microtubules) Nuclear membrane breaks down Nucleolus disappears Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Microtubules attach to the centromeres of chromosomes Sister chromatids separate Now become individual chromosomes confusing, I know! Move towards opposite poles Chromosomes de-condense Back to chromatin! Nuclear envelope reforms Spindle fibers break Nucleolus reappears After mitosis 2 nuclei in one cell Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm Makes 2 completely different cells May occur with telophase Animal cells: membrane drawn in, pinches off Cleavage furrow formed Plant cells: cell plate forms between nuclei Cell plate Plant cell Animal cell =mitosis (This is so cheesy but I think its really helpful!) 2 18 23 46 Chromosomes Chromatids Chromatins Centromere Centriole Neck Middle Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Nuclear membrane disappears Nucleolus appears Chromosomes become visible Centrioles move to opposite poles Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase True False