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Ms. Buffalino
10AP This review packet was created by Ms. Buffalino in order to prepare students for the AP World Examination on
May 16, 2019. Students are to use their AP Barron’s Review Book, Prentice Hall Review Book, 9th and 10th grade Weekly Assignment Books, and Traditions and Encounters textbook/website while filling out this review packet. Throughout the packet Ms. Buffalino has referenced page numbers and the recommended reference
source(s) for additional assistance. Students are to use their 9th grade notes as well. The first half of this packet was completed last year. This packet will also serve as review for the Regents Examination on
June 3, 2019.
Sections from this packet will be assigned throughout the month of April. The final, completed packet is due Wednesday, April 17, 2019.
Students should also be studying sample essays and sample multiple choice questions on their own. Sample questions can be found under Ms. Buffalino’s “Useful Links” on her website as well as in the
AP Barron’s Review Book. Students are expected to attend AP evening review classes as well. There are many suggested apps and useful links on Ms. Buffalino’s website. While flashcards are not required they are recommended
(quizlet, purchased 5 Steps to a 5/Barron’s index cards, or self-created paper index cards).
Student’s Name (Printed): ______________________________________________
Student’s Signature: ______________________________________________
Parent’s Signature: ______________________________________________
Assigned Date: __________________
Barron’s 7th Edition
Prentice Hall, Pearson Revised Edition
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 2
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 3
Geography Review
Category Russia India England China Japan Latin
America
Important Geographic Features
-lack of warm water ports -Ural Mountains -strait of Dardanelles
-Himalayas subcontinent -monsoons -Deccan Plateau -Western and Eastern Ghats
Island, had features for industrialization
-Gobi Desert -Himalayas -monsoons
Lack of natural resources Island Mountainous
Andes mountains Rainforest Nile river
Impact of Features Socially
Limited cultural diffusion
Isolated Isolated Ethnocentric, limited cult. diff.
Isolated, took culture from other people when possible (Buddhism)
Diverse pop.
Impact of Features
Politically
later gained access to Baltic and Black Sea
Regional kingdoms arose
Strong navy “ Tributary system
Vulnerable to invasion
Inca in highlands Aztec in central Mexico Egypt based on Nile
Impact of
Features Economically
Could only trade when water was not frozen -large size=slow eco. development
Monsoons made harvesting happen between wet and dry seasons Agriculture eco.
Island=more trade, limited farmland Becomes industrial nation
Rely on farming in east Large size prevents eco. development
Limited farming, little fertile land Rely heavily on fish as food
Deforestation for more farmland Terrace farming
Use class notes
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 4
AP World Regions
These are referenced for the MC and Essay Questions.
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 5
Technological and Environmental Transformations
10,000BCE to 600 BCE
What was the Paleolithic Era and why is it significant?
What is the significance of hunting-foraging bands of humans gradually
migrating from their origins in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas?
What was the Neolithic Revolution and why is it significant?
Define: Pastoralism and give an example of where it was used:
Pastoralism is the herding of animals instead of cultivating crops. Pastoral people were
nomadic, following where their animals’ food source. Early Hebrews were pastoral nomads.
Neolithic Revolution
How did agricultural
advancements impact society?
Rise of patriarchy
Men worked in
fields, women in
houses.
People settled
down, gathered
material possessions
Agriculture: farming
and pastoralism
Barron’s, First Unit Prentice Hall Unit 1: Sections 1 and 2
Prentice Hall, page 3
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 6
Ancient Civilizations Chart
Civilizations Geography Religion Government Contributions
Egypt
North Africa/Middle
East. Desert,
Nile River delta.
Polytheism: Amon Re =
pharaohs.
Mummification
Pharaoh=god king/queen.
Dynasty.
Hieroglyphics, papyrus,
medicine,
calendar
Mesopotamia
(Sumer)
Iran/Iraq/Syria
Fertile Crescent Tigris+Euphrates
Polytheistic
Temples are
ziggurats
Hereditary
rulers, walled cities
Epic of Gilgamesh
Cuneiform Wheeled vehicles
Indus River
Valley (Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro)
Pakistan/India
Monsoons Indus/Ganges
Rivers
Hinduism,
Buddhism come after
Fortress on
hilltop
Sanskrit
Plumbing
China
Huang He
(Yellow river) gives fertile
loess Yangtze river
Mandate of
Heaven Daoism
Confucianism
Dynasties,
Shang are #1
Pictograph writing
Oracle bones The Book Of
Songs (Zhou)
Terms and Concepts Answer/Description
1. What is a nomad? People who move around, following food source. No permanent home
2. Define irrigation: Artificial changing of water’s direction. Used for farming
3. Define: social stratification Different social classes. Ex/ Caste system
4. What role did women play in ancient
civilizations?
Women raised children and worked in house (clothes, cooking)
Prentice Hall, pages 4-8 Barron’s, The Development of Early Societies
Traditions and Encounters, Chapters 2-3
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 7
5. How did agriculture and pastoralism transform human society (social
structure/technology)?
Agriculture allowed people to settle down/develop technology. Pastoralism
allowed people to spread new tech. Agriculture led to patriarchy.
6. How did improvements in
agricultural production, trade and transportation impact metallurgy?
Metallurgy was spread by trade and transportation. Iron metallurgy was
spread by Bantu into sub-Saharan
7. Define: Compound bows and give
an example of where they were used.
Bows used in Mesopotamia along with chariots in war
8. Define: Iron weapons and give an example of where they were used.
Weapons made of iron instead of bronze. Used by Bantu in sub-Saharan
9. Define: Chariot and give an example of where they were used.
War vehicle, on wheels and drawn by horses. Assyrians used chariots in
Mesopotamia
10. Define: Quipu and include where it was used.
System of ropes/knots used by Inca (South America) to record info.
11. What is the significance of the Vedic religion during this periodization?
Vedic religion led to development of early caste system, Hinduism. Wrote Vedas.
12. What is the significance of
Zoroastrianism during this periodization?
good vs. evil teachings taken up by late religions
13. What is the significance of Hebrew
monotheism during this periodization?
Hebrews underwent diaspora, persecuted by polytheistic societies
14. Why was China known as the “Middle Kingdom?”
China thought it was center (middle) of world. Ethnocentric
15. What is a dynasty? What was the mandate of heaven?
Dynasty is a ruling family. Mandate of Heaven is divine right to rule, excuse for
starting new dynasty
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 8
Trade expanded locally to regional and transregional:
Nubians traded ivory, ebony, leopard skins, gold, and gemstones for pottery and other
finished products from Egypt. It helped unite the two. Harappans traded copper, ivory, beads, and semiprecious stones for wool leather and live oil from Mesopotamia.
Describe illustrative forms of literature such as:
1. The Epic of Gilgamesh: Story of the Mesopotamian king Gilgamesh, said to be
2/3 god and 1/3 man.
2. The Rig Veda: Hindu holy text. Collection of poetry, songs, rituals. First of Vedas
3. The Book of the dead: Egyptian book of spells the dead would need in the
afterlife. Buried with their mummified remains if wealthy enough to afford it.
Explain the significance
of the trade that occurred
between:
Egypt and Nubia Mesopotamia and the Indus River
Valley
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 9
Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies
600 BCE – 600 CE
Belief Systems (not organized by periodization)
Belief System
Place of Origin and/or
Place Worshiped
Founder, Beliefs and Sacred
Text
Animism
Simultaneous throughout world
Worship outdoors, in nature
No one founder
Beliefs: ancestor worship
Nature worship (everything has a
spirit)
Oral tradition of storytelling
Shintoism
500 BCE, came out of Japanese tribal
religions
Worshipped in torri
Everything has spirit, ancestor
worship
S.T. Kokiji-record of ancient
matters
Chronicles of Japan
Emperor of Japan is descended
form sun goddess who created
Japan
Prentice Hall, pages 21-27 Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters
Barron’s 73-75; 90-97
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 10
Taoism
500 BCE China
Laozi
Tao Te Ching
Tao-the way
Balance in nature
Yin+Yang
Hinduism
Indus Rive valley 1500-500 BCE
Temples
Aryan tribes
Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad
Gita
Monistic, caste system
Dharma=karma led to
reincarnation cycle
Moksha-eternal life
Buddhism
India 655-486 BCE
Monastic orders
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
Tripitaka
Four Noble Truths, Noble
Eightfold Path
Reincarnation
Nirvana-eternal life
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 11
Judaism
Canaan (Israel) 1500-1000 BCE
Whole world (U.S., Israel)
Synagogues
Abraham and Moses
One God (Yahweh)
Ten Commandments
Sabbath
Torah
Christianity
Palestine (Israel) 1st century BCE
Church
Jesus of Nazareth
Bible
Holy Trinity, monotheistic
Sacraments, Ten Commandments
Islam
Arabia 570-632 CE
Mosque
Muhammad
Qur’an
Five Pillars of Islam: pray, charity,
fast during Ramadan, Hajj, Allah
is only God, Muhammad is his last
prophet
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 12
Confucianism
551 BCE China
Confucius (Menicus spread it)
The Analects (Five Relationships)
Rules for social order, patriarchy,
civil service exams, ethics, filial
piety, education
Zoroastrianism
T& E
Chapers 7-12
Persia 3500 yrs ago
Fire temple
Zoroaster
Ahura Mazda-god
Monotheistic
The Avestas
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 13
Sikhism
T& E
Chapers 7-12
16th century
Punjab area
Monotheistic
Guru Nanak
Cycle of rebirth
Guru Granth
Peace, good morals
Baha’i
T& E
Chapers 7-12
Iran 19th century Baha’u’llah
Manifestation of God, not final
messenger
All religions are OK
God intervenes
unity
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 14
Legalism
T& E
Chapers 7-12
China 476-221 BCE Humans are selfish
Han Fei, Shang Yang
State is important
Legalism is only right belif system
Book of Shang Yang
Punishment for disobedience
Jainism
T& E
Chapers 7-12
India
6th century BCE
Vardhamana
Mahuira
Everything has a soul
Cycle of rebirth
Upanishads were the base
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 15
Important Concepts Response
Why were the early faiths polytheistic? Explain.
There was a god for everything. One for river, one for sun, one for life, etc. Explained mysteries of world
List the polytheistic religions: Hinduism, Jainism, Animism, Shintoism, Baha’i
List the monotheistic religions:
Zoroastrianism, Islam, Sikhism, Judaism, Christianity
Give three examples of places in the world that practiced ancestor veneration:
China, Americas, Africa
How did Buddhism change as it spread from India to China?
As Buddhism spread to China, it took on Daoist and Chinese ideas. It translated dharma to dao and recognized family bonds. It was taught that one son in the monastery would bring salvation for ten generations of his
kin.
Who was Asoka and what faith did he help to spread?
Emperor of Maurya Empire (in India). Spread Buddhism
How did Daoism develop Chinese culture? Explain and provide specific examples.
Encouraged patriarchy by saying women were a passive force. Stimulated thought on human nature, said humans should not be competitive
(wuwei). Along with Confucianism one of major Chinese philosophies.
Define filial piety: Duty to care for parents and elders. Confucian idea
Which two faiths are known for their missionary work?
Christianity and Islam. The Sufi for Islam, monks for Christianity
Is religion unifying or divisive? Explain.
Religion is unifying. It was the glue that held societies together, gave people a common belief. The unity of Christians gave rise to the Crusades.
Why is Jerusalem considered to be a turbulent city?
Jews, Muslims, Christians, and political groups want control of it. It is holy to the 3 Abrahamic faiths
Significance and description of Greek plays and Indian epics:
Greek plays: highlighted concerns and philosophy of the time. Tragedy, comedy Indian epics: basis of Hinduism, show reasons for doctrine
Define: administrative institutions
Places/people that make up gov’t. run the state, make decisions
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 16
EMPIRE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION/SIGNIFICANCE
Assyrians
Northern Mesopotamia. Militaristic, used
chariots to build empire throughout
Mesopotamia.
Babylonians
Mesopotamia. Hammurabi wrote Code of
Hammurabi first written law code. “Eye for an eye” (punishment for the crime).
Favored upper class
The conquests of the Assyrians, Babylonians and Roman empires contributed to the growth of Jewish diasporic communities around the Mediterranean and Middle East.
Parthian
Sassanid
Achaemenid
Describe the
significance of
the Persian
empires:
Introduced new foods to Iran (rice,
sugarcane). Administrative techniques
used by Arabs in Islamic society.
Restored Persian tradition after Seleucid
rule. Had strong cavalry.
Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters
First empire in Persia. Built roads, postal
stations, standardized coins. Divided
empire into sections ruled by officials.
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 17
Greece
-education
-democracy
-humanism, individual achievement
-colonies along
Mediterranean
-Peloponnesian War
-militaristic
-women had more right
Socrates Plato Aristotle
Socratic Method of
questioning as a learning
tool.
Wrote The Republic
Favored a strong,
controlling government
Developed ideas on
government
Favored the one strong and
wise rule as best form.
Considered to be first
western philosopher
Society has three classes:
Philosophers, Soldiers,
and Workers
Human Reason was the
key to learning
Athens Sparta
Prentice Hall, 9-17
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 18
Rome
What was Hellenistic culture? Who established it? What were the accomplishments? Combination of Greek and
Macedonian culture. Alexander the Great established it. Philosophy, dramas,
architecture, and scientific thinking were its accomplishments. Great Library at Alexandria was gathering of Hellenistic knowledge
Terms and Concepts for Greece & Rome Answer/Description
1. Define a direct democracy: Citizens voted on issues, not on leaders
2. Define a republic: People vote for representatives
3. Define patricians and plebeians:
Patricians: upper class in Rome, eligible to be senators, consul. Plebeians: lower
class, farmers and merchants, could not
participate in gov’t
4. Who was Pericles? Founded democracy in Athens
5. What was the Peloponnesian War? War between Athens and Sparta, Sparta won. End of Greek golden age
6. What was the Delian League? City-states paid Athens to protect them
from Persia
How did I, Julius Caesar pave the way
for the Roman Empire?
Julius Caesar was dictator for life, had
total power in Rome. Led to grand
nephew Augustus taking on same role
and calling it emperor
I am considered to be
the first Roman
Emperor. Who am I?
Augustus Caesar, grand
nephew of Julius
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 19
Accomplishments
During the
Pax Romana
What was the Pax Romana? When did it occur? Where did occur?
Who was the leader that began it?
Roman golden age. It occurred from 27 BCE-180 CE in the Roman empire (Mediterranean, Spain,
Turkey, France, Britain). Augustus Caesar began it.
Prentice Hall, 15-17
Greater military might
Built walls around cities
and on frontiers
Network of roads
Eco. growth
Controlled more
land
Created aqueducts to
carry water
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 20
Why was Rome considered to be an administrative institution or centralized form of
government? The emperor had total political and military control of the empire. He decided if wars
would be fought, what taxes would be, etc.
What did the fall of the Roman Empire pave the way for?
The fall of Rome led to the Middle Ages, when feudalism and regional kingdoms took
root instead of empires.
What lead to the
fall of the Roman
Empire?
Prentice Hall, 18-20 Bubonic plague
Invasion of Germanic tribes Diocletian split empire in 2
Weak emperors could not hold
onto power
Too big to govern
Invasion of Huns
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 21
Who was Shi Huangdhi?
Emperor who founded Qin dynasty, supported Legalism and was first
emperor of China
What dynasty is he from?
Qin
Compare and contrast the rise and fall of the Han and Roman Empires:
What is the significance of the Silk Road?
The Silk Road was the main overland trade route of classical and post-classical eras. Spread epidemic disease,
cultural diffusion, goods.
Who was Han Wudi and why is he significant?
Han emperor who established Silk Road, expanded China’s borders, built bureaucracy, built roads and canals
Prentice Hall, 18-20
Barron’s, pages 100-101
-Han Wudi
-Yellow Turban
Uprising
-Augustus
-Goths, Vandals
-Strong emperor to
start new empire.
-reasonable taxes
-infratructure fell
into disrepair
-nomadic invaders
-internal dissent due
to taxes
-local warlords
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 22
City Modern Country
Location
Significance
1. Persepolis
Iran Capital of Persian empire
2. Chang’an
China One of first river valley civs, capital for empire
3. Pataliputra
India Capital of Gupta
4. Carthage
Tunisia Against Roman empire, eventually conquered
5. Alexandria
Egypt Had library with many books, burned
6. Constantinople
Turkey Turned into Istanbul by Ottomans, was capital for
Byzantine
7. Teotihuacan
(Teotihuacan)
Mexico Large city in Mesoamerica, influenced its society
Define and give an
example where this was
evident during 600CE-
600BCE periodization.
Deforestation Desertification Soil Erosion Silted Rivers
Cutting down of
trees
Roman empire
Drying of area of
land
Byzantine
Soil is dried, blown
away
Greece
Deposits fertile
soil
Yellow River
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 23
Geographic Study (This means study this ☺)
The number of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there
had been competing states.
Key States/Empires Approximate Location
Southwest Asia: Persian
Empires
(Achaemenid, Parthian and
Sassanid)
Persia = Iran today
East Asia: Qin and Han Empires
South Asia: Maurya and Gupta
MesoAmerica: Teotihuacan
(Tenochtitlan), Maya city-states
Andean South America: Moche
Civilization from 100-700 CE
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 24
Briefly, yet thoroughly respond to the following (include the significance and periodization when
applicable):
1. Define: Corvée
Forced labor, used to build Great Wall
Describe the relationship between Han China and the Xiongu:
The Xiongnu were nomads that invaded Han China. The Han would have to drive them back north.
2. Describe the relationship between the Guptas and the White Huns:
The White Huns were nomads who invaded the Gupta empire and established regional kingdoms in
what used to be Gupta land
3. Define: paterfamilias
Patriarch of a roman family. Ruled over family, directed members on what to do
4. How did the emergence of yokes, saddles and stirrups alter world history?
Horse technologies allowed nomadic peoples, such as the Mongols to ride faster, and further, allowing
them to take over places like China.
5. How did the domestication of horses, oxen, camels and llamas alter world history?
Horses and oxen were used to pull plows, horses were what nomads rode in battle, camels carried goods
across the Sahara, llamas were the South American pack animal.
6. How did the inventions of the dhow and lateen sails alter maritime/world history?
Dhows and lateen sails allowed for India, Persia, Arabian Peninsula, and China and southeast Asia to
sail on the Indian Ocean. Allowed for trade on Indian Ocean
7. Define: qanat system
Persian underground canals used for irrigation
Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 25
600BC – 600 CE
Climate and
Geographic Location: Typical goods traded:
Ethnicity of people
involved: Significance of trade route:
Eurasian Silk
Roads
Middle East and
Mediterranean to
China
Silk, finished goods,
porcelain, sipces,
cotton
China, Persia Spread Christianity,
Buddhism, bubonic plague
Trans-Saharan
Caravan Routes
Northern Africa.
Desert
Gold, salt Ghana, Mali,
Muslims
Spread Islam, gold and
salt. Primary trade route in
Africa
Indian Ocean
Trade
Monsoons, Indian
Ocean
Copper, spices,
jewels, cotton,
porcelain, silk
India, China, SE
Asia, Arabs, East
Africa
Cultural diffusion,
Buddhism, diasporic
traders settled in cities,
Mediterranean
Trade
Mediterranean Sea Grain, olives, fruits,
wool, copper, wine,
pottery, bronze
Egypt, Greeks,
Persians,
Phoenicians,
Romans
Kept Roman empire
connected and
communicating
Barron’s 111-116,167-171 Traditions and Encounters
Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 26
Regional and Transregional Interactions
600 CE – 1450 CE
Chose two of the following trade cities and explain the significance of the city during this periodization: Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili City-States, Hangzhou, Calcut, Bagdad,
Melada, Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia
City #1 Tenochtitlan
City #2 Venice
Capital city of Aztec empire. Surrounded by
water, helped with agriculture (chinampa system) and defense. Very wealthy
City-state in Italy, had access to military forces. Part of Italian Renaissance, home of
Renaissance artists Giovanni Bellini and Gentile.
Give an example of a civilization that used paper money: China
Explain how this process helped facilitate commercial infrastructure:
Paper money was a substitute for copper coins that were going through a shortage. Trade was not
dependent on coins, paper money was easier to carry, its value oculd be controlled by the central
government. Easy to produce, paper was cheap.
Barron’s, Traditions and Encounters
Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 27
The Byzantine Empire is the eastern half of the Roman Empire that lasted until about 1453.
What was Justinian’s Code and who was
Justinian? Emperor of Byzantium.
Gathered Roman laws into a single code, used
by later civs.
Orthodox Christian Church
Eastern half of Church, split from R.C. Does
not follow pope
Great Schism Split between
Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches.
Orthodox did not want to follow pope.
Cyrillic Alphabet Alphabet used in
eastern Europe until 20th century.
Orthodox Christianity
Byzantine people came to
Russia after it converted to
spread education, religion,
writing
Autocratic Government
Allowed Russia to expand under Ivan
III’s rule, tsar controlled the state
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Effect On Russia
Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire
Prentice Hall, 44-47
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 28
Caliphates
Geographic Location
Time Frame
Significance
Umayyad caliphate
Capital at Damascus,
in Syria
661-750 Brought stability,
taxed non-
Muslims
Abbasid caliphate
Persia, Mesopotamia
750-1258 Used Persian and Mesopotamian techniques of
administration. Maintained
roads. Ulama
and qadis came into being now
Delhi Sultanates
Northern
India
1206-1526 Spread Islam
in India, built mosques, patrons of
art and literature
Barron’s, Traditions and Encounters
Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 29
China
Sui Dynasty Accomplishments
Tang and Song Dynasties
What were three accomplishments that occurred during the Tang and
Song dynasties?
Equal-field system kept peasants fed and
peaceful.
Centralized government and made use of
civil service exams
Spread Chinese rule to Korea, Vietnam,
Tibet, Manchuria
1. Yang Jian
founded
dynasty
2. Built Grand Canal,
used forced labor, high
taxes
3. Subjects revolted,
brought down
dynasty _____________________________
Prentice Hall, 40-43
Barron’s, Unit 3 and page 120
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 30
Geographic Location/
Environmental Adaptation
Significance and notable
accomplishments:
Scandinavian Vikings
Scandinavia, navigated open ocean
Established maritime trade route in Iceland,
Greenland, British Isles, France, Sicily, Russia,
Byzantine empire. Used
longboats and could navigate open ocean.
Berbers
Middle East/North Africa. Herded camels
Camels allowed for trans-Saharan trade
Bantu
Sub-Saharan Africa. Grew
bananas in rainforests
Spread agriculture, iron
metallurgy
The following groups developed diasporic communities:
• Muslim merchant communities in the Indian Ocean • Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia
• Sogdian merchants throughout Central Asia • Jews in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin and along the Silk Road
What is a diasporic community? Explain.
A community whose members are spread out across the world; usually due to persecution or war.
The Jews were made to move from their homeland due to Mesopotamian empires and the Roman
empire.
Barron’s, Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 31
Explain: Dar-al-Islam
Land under Muslim rule. A place where Muslims can be safe and not risk persecution
What are the characteristics that make up a “Golden Age?
Peace and cultural achievement.
List 5 achievements that came out of the Golden Age of Islam:
Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Mount Moriah Rock in Jerusalem, conversion of Hagia Sophia into a mosque, developed algebra, set up hospitals
How were the Muslim scholars influenced by Greek and Indian mathematics?
Muslims used “Hindi” numerals that let them develop algebra, trigonometry, and
geometry. Greek mathematics helped develop astronomical and geographical knowledge.
Prentice Hall, 48-53
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 32
III. The Middle Ages
What years are considered the “Middle Ages”?
476-1500s
Feudalism Manoralism Catholic Church
How did feudalism operate?
Serfs farmed the land owned by lords. Knights
protected everyone and gained land for doing so.
The king and lords
distributed the land out among the lower classes.
How were manors self
sufficient? There was an exchange of
land, services, and protection. The lords gave
knights land for their protection, and serfs would
live on the land in exchange for being able to work on it.
What was chivalry?
Code of bravery taken by knights.
The Catholic Church was
a unifying force in a time of political instability
after the fall of the Roman Empire.
How did the Church assert authority over
rulers? The Church
excommunicated kings over
disagreements (King John of England over choice of
an archbishop)
POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL
Prentice Hall, 54-63
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 33
THE CRUSADES
Why are the Crusades considered a successful failure? Explain.
Christians failed to regain control of Jerusalem, but trade between the Middle East and
Western Europe was reopened
During what years were the Crusades fought?
1095-1291
Causes
1. Chance to travel off manors
2. Nobles gained wealth + land
3. Seljuk Turks invaded Byzantine
Empire
4. Pope Urban II urged Catholics
to fight, guaranteed spot in
heaven
5. Church wanted more power
Effects
1. Interest in traveling
2. Popes become more powerful
3. King was only one left in
Europe, led to absolutism
4. More trade, decline of
manoralsim
5. Greater religious tension
6.
7.
8.
Prentice Hall, 60-63
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 34
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
ISLAM SPREAD TO
AFRICA
Kingdom of Ghana
converted to Islam, spread
it through trans-Saharan
trade. Kingdom of Mali
was Muslim, Mansa Musa
spread the religion when on
his hajj
ASIA Delhi Sultanate
took over northern
India, spreading Islam
forcefully.
EUROPE
Ottoman Empire
sacked
Constantinople
and ended the
Byzantine
Empire. (1453)
DIFFERENCES
SUNNIS
Majority of
Muslims. Accepted
legitimacy of early
caliphs.
SHIITES Wanted
Ali (cousin of
Muhammad) and his
descendants to be
caliphs.
Prentice Hall, 48-53 Barron’s, Unit 3 (several sections)
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 35
Describe Japan’s geography:
Archipelago, mountainous
Impact of geography on the people:
Isolated from the world, and different clans
were isolated from each other. Terrace farming
was used.
Geography
Shintoism
• Uniquely Japanese religion that stresses love of nature
• Shrines are located in places of natural beauty
Religion
Cultural Diffusion List two ways in which Japan was influenced by Korea or China
1. Buddhism and Confucianism came from China
2. Chinese-style script was used
Japanese
Feudalism
Prentice Hall, 72-75
Prentice Hall, 72-75
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 36
How did the Tokugawa Shogunate isolate Japan from the outside world?
It restricted foreign access to the port of Nagasaki and resisted outside
ideas.
What was Heian Japan?
(794-1185) Japanese recognized emperor as ruler. Time of cultural development (Japanese language and The Tale of Genji)
_______________________________________________________________________
Define Bushido
Code of bravery taken by the samurai.
Pages 107-111
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 37
Compare and Contrast
European Feudalism Japanese Feudalism
Who were and what is the significance of salaried samurai? Explain. Salaried samurai were paid to defend Japan from conflict. Kept order, shogunate in power
-Women were delicate
-Catholicism
-Chivalry
-hierarchy
-decentralized
-nobility had control
-emperor/king is
figurehead
-code of bravery
-religious authority has
control
-women were physically
equal to men-gave birth to
strong samurai
-lasts longer, until 1867
-Shintoism
-Bushido
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 38
Genghis Khan conquered the largest land empire ever in the history of the world in one life time. The Mongols conquered areas of China,
Persia and parts of Europe. His armies were made up of skilled horsemen and bowmen. Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis started the
Yuan Dynasty in China.
Approximate dates: 1206-1368
The famous Chinese explorer Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia, along the
coast of India, around the Arabian Peninsula and to the port cities of East Africa. After his explorations the Chinese decided that no other civilization was
as superior as theirs. They decided to isolate themselves and limit foreign contact with other.
Mongol’s lasting effect upon Russia
Who was Genghis Khan? Unified Mongol
tribes in 1206, conquered China, Iran, started
attack on Russia
Who was Kublai Khan? Pax Mongolia 1200s-1300s. Made
places under his control pay tribute,
ruled over China (Yuan dynasty)
Prentice Hall, 76-79 Barron’s Unit 3, Section 7
Russians paid tribute to khan until rule of
Ivan III
Kept Russia isolated from others
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 39
Be able to explain the significance of the following people, places or concepts:
1. Hanseatic League:
Trade network in Baltic and North Seas. Connected London, Poland, Germany, Scandinavia.
2. Grand Canal:
Built by Sui dynasty in China. Ran north-south, connected northern and southern China.
3. Marco Polo:
Italian merchant who visited China while under Mongol rule. Accounts of his travels were widely read.
4. Ibn Battuta:
Muslim traveler who went to India, Ceylon, Maldive Island, Spain, Mali empire. His writings on his
travels are one of the classical works of travel literature.
5. Xuanzang:
Chinese Buddhist monk who went to India to study the religion. Spread Buddhism in China by
clarifying earlier teachings and translating writings into Chinese.
6. Neoconfucianism:
Blending of Confucianism and Buddhism. Buddhism gave Confucian thinkers ideas on the nature of the
soul, not usually explored by Confucianism.
7. Toltecs:
950-1150. Central Mexican empire that was centered at city of Tula. Brought central Mexico under
unified rule.
8. The significance of bananas in Africa:
Let the Bantu migrate through forested regions where other crops did not grow.
9. The significance of the spread of cotton, sugar and citrus throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean
basin:
The growth of sugarcane led to an increase in the African slave trade. Cotton supported an Islamic
textile industry. Citrus was grown as a staple food.
Barron’s Traditions and Encounters
Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 40
10. Tributary system:
China made the states it controlled pay tribute (taxes) instead of being taken over by China.
11. How did the “Little Ice Age” contribute to urbanization?
People couldn’t eat, grow crops. Looked for jobs in cities
12. Explain the following technological innovations: champa, chinampa, horse collar, waru waru agriculture
Quick growing rice
Agriculture in Mesoamerica, grow on plots on water
Greater control of horse
Inca agriculture where fields are raised next to irrigated channels, they keep the crops warm
13. Ethiopian Christianity:
Took on aspects of traditional African beliefs, only Christians in Africa
14. Oligarchy:
Small number of upper class individuals make decisions. Greek poleis were oligarchies
15. Holy Roman Empire:
Empire ruled by German princes that were crowned by the pope. Fought with the Church at times,
preventing large empire
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 41
The Bubonic Plague spread everywhere, because of trading and exploration.
Population Losses Economic Decline Social and Political
Change
Confusion and
Disorder
¼-2/3 population decline in Rome,
China, India, Europe
Fear of the plague kept trade from
occurring, countries shut themselves off
Toppled Roman empire, Han
dynasty. Workers in Europe wanted
better pay/conditions now
that there were less of them
No one knew what caused the plague,
important figures including emperors
died.
Why is the rat the animal
chosen to represent the
Black Death?
Fleas on rats carried the
plague, spread it to new
towns
B
L
A
C
K
P
L
A
G
U
E
EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE
Prentice Hall, 82-83
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 42
List two factors that led to the Commercial Revolution Lowered pop. by bubonic plague
Surplus of crops
What is a guild? Group of workers that regulated production
and sale of products. Protected its members.
1
2
COMMERICIAL
REVOLUTION
LED
TO
Rise of towns
List three
new
businesses
1. Physicians
2. Pharmacists
3. lawyers
Prentice Hall, 84-85
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 43
Global Interactions 1450 - 1750
The Renaissance:
A Rebirth of Greek and Roman ideals that focused on Human ability,
potential, and achievement
During what years did the Renaissance occur? 1450-1750
List Three
Artists
One work for
each
List Three
Writers
One work for
each
1.Michelangelo
Creation
1.Machiavelli The Prince
2.Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa 2.Shakespeare
Romeo and Juliet
3.Rafael
Vatican
3.Francesco
Petrarch
Sonnets to
Laura
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg What are three effects of the printing press?
Information could not be suppressed, higher literacy, Reformation
Define: Humanism
Focus on human accomplishment. Greeks and Renaissance artists were humanistic
I wrote that
the end
justifies the
means.
Who am I?
Niccolo
Machiavelli
Barron’s, Culture, Science and Technology 217-228 Prentice Hall, 84-91
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 44
The Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation
1. Martin Luther 2. John Calvin
What was the Counter Reformation? What was its purpose?
Attempt to stop Protestantism led by Catholic Church. Also a time of reform
When did the Reformation occur: 1517-1560
When did the Counter Reformation occur: 1530-1563
CAUSES OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Long Term
1. Corruption in the Church
2. Church went outside the
writings of the Bible
3. Pope abused power
2.
3.
Short Term
1. sale of indulgences
2. printing press
3. humanism=spirit of inquiry
4.Henry VIII wanted a divorce
5.strong monarchs resented pope’s power
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Protestant Reformation had many leaders. Two of the most important were:
Long Term
1. New sects, Lutheranism,
Calvinism, etc.
2. Christians questioned the
Church
3. Less members of the Church
2.
3.
Short Term
1. Martin Luther excommunicated
2.Counter Reformation
3.Church reformed
4.indulgences made illegal
5.Inquisition kills Protestants
2.
3.
4.
5.
EFFECTS OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Prentice Hall, 88-90
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 45
West African Kingdoms (note this chart is includes multiple periodizations)
Ghana (800-1000) Mali (1200-1450) Songhai (1450 – 1600)
▪ Controls trade in gold and
salt across West Africa.
▪ Women work in business and
government.
▪ King has Muslim advisors.
▪ Mali conquers kingdom of
Ghana.
▪ Mansa Musa becomes great
emperor.
▪ Mali controls gold trade
routes.
▪ Timbuktu becomes a great
trading city and center of
learning.
▪ Songhai grows into largest
West African state.
▪ Controls important trade
routes.
▪ Emperor sets up Muslim
dynasty.
Who was Mansa Musa and what were the major effects of his rule?
King of Mali empire who went on his hajj and gave gifts of gold along the way. Spread Islam
throughout Africa and the trade of gold
My Hajji is one of
the most famous in
history.
Prentice Hall, 92-96
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 46
LATIN AMERICA (Mesoamerica)
OLMECS MAYAS AZTECS INCAS
WHERE FOUND
AND WHEN? (note this chart is
includes multiple periodizations)
Central Mexico
to El Salvador
1500-1200 BCE
Guatemala,
southern
Mexico,
Honduras
250-900
Central Mexico
1200-1500
Andes
Mountains
1300-1500
POLITICAL
STRUCTURE
(gov’t)
Authoritative
People paid
tribute
City-states and
regional
kingdoms
Tributary
system
Kingdom
Kingdom that
used
bureaucracy.
Social
stratification
ROLE OF
RELIGION
Ceremonial
centers- like
temporary cities
Human sacrifice
Reinforces
agriculture
Ceremonial
centers
Human sacrifice
Human sacrifice
Bloodletting
rituals
Temple of Inti
to worship the
sun god
ACHIEVEMENTS
Pyramids and
temples
writing
Pyramids and
temples
Calendar
Hieroglyphic
script
Calendar
Chinampa
agriculture
Road network,
quipu record
system
Prentice Hall, 106-11
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 47
CHINA
1. Why did China choose to isolate themselves from trade in 1433?
The Ming faced a threat from the Manchu, Zheng He’s expeditions were too
costly, and the emperor Yongle died. This instability led to them isolating
themselves
2. How did geography contribute to Chinese isolation?
In the west, the Himalayas wee a natural barrier. The Indian Ocean and Pacific
Ocean kept others from coming in. China was so large that just managing its own
affairs was difficult
List the many ways China had influenced the following areas
KOREA
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN SOUTHEAST
ASIA
Silk
Porcelain
Bubonic
plague
Lacquerware
Government
Confucianism
Buddhism
agriculture
Agriculture
Education
bureaucracy
CHINA IMPACTS THE
WEST AND ASIA
Prentice Hall, 112-115
Korea
Confucianism
Education system
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 48
Capital City: Bursa
Religion: Islam
Successful because of: military
conquest
Absolute Ruler SULEIMAN:
List two accomplishments:
1. Expanded Ottoman navy
2. Took over Mesopotamia
How did the Ottomans treat
different ethnic and religious
groups? How did cultural diversity
and nationalism impact the
Ottoman Empire?
The Ottomans were religiously
tolerant, but made those who were
not Muslim pay a tax. Cultural
diversity was spoken out against by
conservative Muslims who
denounced Ottoman rulers for being
too innovative.
How did Europe contribute to
Ottoman decline?
The wars between the Ottomans
and Habsburgs were costly and
weakened their economy. Attempts
to save themselves only made the
situation worse.
THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
YEARS: 1289-1923
Define: janissary
_ Those who became soldiers
under devshrime
Define: devshrime
Christian boys became slaves of
the sultan trained to be soldiers or
part of administration. Converted
to Islam
Prentice Hall 116-118
Traditions and Encounters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 49
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
What were the reasons for European exploration?
Three advancements
1. Ships and sails
2. Navigational instruments
3. Knowledge of winds and
currents
4.
5.
How they were useful for exploration
1. Square and lateen sails let explorers sail
quickly/with great control. Ships were more
resistant to adverse conditions.
2. Compasses let mariners determine which way
they were sailing. Astrolabes determined the
latitude
3. Prevailing winds and currents ran east to west
from 25 degrees N to 25 degrees S. From 30-60 N
and S, they ran west to east. This let mariners
travel reliably across the ocean.
4.
5.
EXPLORERS
Vasco de Gama
Portuguese. Went to
India and brought back
pepper and cinnamon.
These were highly
valuable, causing more
trips to India
Christopher Columbus
Sponsered by
Fernando and Isabel of
Spain, tried to sail
west to Asia. Reached
the Caribbean, opened
the door for settlement
in Americas
Ferdinand Magellan
Sailed around the south of South
America, to the Philippines and
died. His crew sailed back to
Spain through the Indian Ocean,
completing the first
circumnavigation of the globe.
Prentice Hall 119-125
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 50
Conquistadors: Who did he conquer? Reasons for Success?
HERNANDO CORTES
Aztec Empire Better weapons, horses, allied
with native people, smallpox
killed many
FRANCISCO PIZARRO
Inca empire Subjects of the empire helped
because they had hated the
Inca rulers, smallpox killed
many
How did the colonization of the Americas lead to the spread of smallpox, the measles and
influenza? Explain.
Spanish settlers had the native Taino mine gold, they were introduced to smallpox. To replace
those that died, the Spanish raided Taino settlements, exposing and spreading the disease. Other
diseases were spread in similar matters.
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 51
Land Empires
Geographic Location How did the Manchu treat
the Chinese?
Treated Chinese as
inferiors, could not hold
gov’t positions
Significance/Impact
Manchus
China Invaded China from the
north and overthrew the
Ming. Established Qing
dynasty, separated
Manchus from Chinese.
Mughals
India How did the Mughal’s treat
of other religious/ethnic
groups?
Tolerated other religions,
fans of syncretic religion
Spread Islam in India,
brought unified rule to
India for first time
since Sultanate of Delhi
Ottomans
Turkey How did the Ottoman treat
of other religious/ethnic
groups?
Taxed, but tolerated
Fell Byzantine empire,
last caliphate.
Gunpowder nation
During the period of 1450-1750 explain how there was competition over trade routes:
1) Omani-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean
Fought over control of Indian Ocean, slowed trade
2) Piracy in the Caribbean
Discouraged trade until pirates were dealt with
Traditions and Encounters Barron’s Units State building, Expansion and Conflict 137-154; 285-287
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 52
Europeans born in Spain
European descent, born in the colonies
A mix of European and Native American or African
How does the hierarchy reflect Eurocentrism?
People who were connected to Europe by location of birth or by bloodline were
favored. Africans and Native Americans, who had no connection, were at the bottom
of the hierarchy.
Define: coerced labor
Forcing one to work, no pay
Define: encomienda and hacienda system
Racial economic and political systems. Kept Creoles in power
How did the Spanish adapt the Inca mit’a system? Explain.
Took natives to work in mines, plantations.
Prentice Hall, 150-151
Peninsulares
:
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 53
THE SLAVE TRADE
Prentice Hall, 175-176 Traditions and Encounters
Causes: What did the
Europeans need?
Workers on their
plantations in the
Americas
Effects: List two negatives
of the slave trade
1. 25% of people enslaved
in Africa did not survive
the Atlantic voyage
2. Violence in Africa
increased, African states
were encouraged to fight
wars to capture slaves
from each other
2.
Which country was the
last in the Americas to
abolish slavery and in
what year?
Brazil 1888
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 54
Goods from the Americas (be specific) Goods from Europe (be specific)
Maize
Potatoes
Beans
Tomatoes
Peppers
Peanuts
Manioc
Papayas
Guavas
Avocados
Pineapples
Cacao
tobacco
Horse
Wheat
Rice
Sugar
Bananas
Apples
Cherries
Peaches
Peas
Citrus fruits
Define MERCANTILISM:
The idea that a nation’s exports should exceed its imports in order to foster economic growth
→WHAT IS SENT TO THE PARENT COUNTRY?
Gold, silver, precious metals, raw materials
→WHAT IS SENT TO THE COLONY?
Finished goods, laws against manufacturing
Prentice Hall, 125
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 55
Monarch Country Facts
Akbar the Great India
Spread Mughal empire throughout
southern India, founded Sikhism to
consolidate power in India
Charles V Spain
Expanded Spanish Inquisition,
killed Jews, Muslims, Protestants
Philip II Spain
Attempted to suppress Calvinist
movement in Netherlands, led to
Netherlands rebelling
Louis XIII France
Undermined the nobility, used
bureaucracy full of loyal
commoners, attacked Calvinists
Louis XIV “The Sun King” France
Built court at Versailles, huge land
and houses. Distracted nobles with
entertainment and accommodations
for absolute rule
The Age of Absolutism
Prentice Hall, 126-130, 146, 152-154
When was the Age of Absolutism?
1500s-1600s
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 56
Louis XVI France
Taxed French nobility and called
the Estates General, led to peasants
rebelling and forming the National
Assembly. Executed by guillotine
by members of the revolution
Peter the Great Russia
Reformed the army, encouraged
education, built a navy, fixed the
bureaucracy to help collect taxes.
All based on western Europe
Catherine the Great Russia
Protected peasants, preserved
autocratic rule in Russia, brutally
crushed rebellion
Henry VIII England
Formed Anglican Church so he
could divorce his wife, dissolved
monasteries in England
Elizabeth I England
Daughter of Henry VIII, never
married, restored Anglican Church
in England
Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman Empire
(Turkey)
Promoted Ottoman expantion in
SW Asia and Europe, took over
Mesopotamia, strengthened navy
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 57
1) What is the significance of the Glorious Revolution in England:
Bloodless change of power when King James II was deposed. When William of Orange and Mary, the
daughter of James II came to rule, it showed that kings would rule along with parliament, letting nobles
and merchants have representation.
2) Define Limited Monarchy:
Also known as constitutional states, kings shared authority with representative forms of government.
3) What was the Magna Carta?
Document that limited the rights of the monarch and protected the rights of subjects in England.
4) List 5 elements of the English Bill of Rights:
▪ There would be freedom of speech in Parliament, outside bodies could not question
what was said inside
▪ Roman Catholics could not rule England
▪ The king/queen could not make their own courts or act as judge
▪ Parliament members could be elected without interference from the king/queen
▪ Citizens could petition the king/queen
1) How did the Renaissance spark the Scientific Revolution?
Mathematics and natural sciences developed during the Renaissance
were refined in the Scientific Revolution
2) Scientists and their accomplishments:
→Copernicus: Said earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
→Galileo: Used a telescope to discover new spatial bodies. Said velocity of falling
objects was based on height they fell from
→Newton: Wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, explaining gravity,
the tides, the orbits of the planets
Prentice Hall, 139-143
When was it? 16th-18th centuries
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 58
3) How did the Scientific Revolution change the way Europeans looked at the world?
Europeans relied on observation and mathematics instead of classical authorities.
How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
Isaac Newtown’s rational analysis was applied to philosophy.
Enlightenment Thinker Beliefs Beliefs
John Locke
Divine right was wrong, so was absolute monarchies.
Constitutional governments should be followed
because the people have sovereignty, not the state
Montesquieu
Separation of powers: there should be a legislative,
executive, and judicial branch of gov’t, all separate
Voltaire
Individual freedom is important, anyone or anything
that tries to oppress should be stopped
Rousseau
All members of society were the sovereign, similar to a
direct democracy. The people should make laws, form
policy
When was it? _1600s-1700s
Prentice Hall, 142-145
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 59
What are natural Rights?
Be able to explain the significance of the following people, places or concepts:
1. Astrolabe:
Used to navigate sea
2. Caravels:
Ships used by Spain, Portugal Age of Exploration
3. Define a syncretic religion:
Made up of beliefs of many religions
4. Cults of saints in Latin America (example of a syncretic religion):
Christianity with attached belief in power of saints’ relics (bones, etc)
5. Vodun in the Caribbean (example of a syncretic religion):
Belief in spirits, goes with Catholicism
6. Maize (Americas):
Corn, grown in abundance
7. Okra (African slaves):
Food brought from Africa to Americas by slaves
8. Cervantes:
Spanish writer, wrote Don Quixote
9. Sundiata:
Founded Mali empire
Traditions and Encounters, Barron’s
Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 60
10. Kabuki:
Traditional Japanese theater. Important part of culture, even during Meiji Reformation
11. Chattel slavery:
Owning of a slave, Atlantic slave trade, Arab slave trade
12. Indentured servitude:
Working for someone for determined period of time. Not the same as slavery
13. Zamindars (Mughal Empire)
collected taxes as landowners in Mughal emprie
14. Europeans and Divine Right:
Monarchs had divine right to rule, basis of absolutism
15. Civil service examinations (China):
Made sure most educated people were in gov’t positions
16. Innovations in arts: miniature paintings in the Middle East and South Asia, wood-block prints in Japan:
Preserved, recorded art. Able to be seen for long time, part of cultural record
17. Thirty Years War:
Started as part of Reformation, included most European powers, led to Peace of Westphalia, France
increased power
18. Ottoman-Safavid conflict:
Ottomans won, led to Safavid loss of territory in Mesopotamia
19. Post-conquest codices in Mesoamerica:
gave idea to Mesoamerican culture in Age of Exploration
Industrialization and Global Integration
1750 to 1900
What were the causes of the French Revolution?
Political
Absolute monarchy
Poor leadership
Estates General not held in 175
years
No representation for 3rd estate
Social
Growing middle class
Enlightenment ideals
No natural rights or constitution
Economic
Unfair taxes
Wide eco. gap
debt
hands on eco.
When did the French Revolution occur: 1789-1799
Barron’s, 265-318
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 61
Describe the various stages of the French Revolution?
– Moderate Period 1789-1791: limited Power of
church, Land reform
– Radical Period 1792-1794: Beheadings, Jacobins.
Reign of Terror
– Conservative backlash 1794-1799: directory, Rise of
Napoleon
Explain and describe the Napoleonic Code:
Law code, divides civil law into personal status, property, acquisition of property. Eliminates estates.
What is the significance of the French Revolution?
French Rev. furthered Enlightenment ideals with natural rights being first among them. Monarchy was deposed,
for a time
What is the significance of the Congress of Vienna and who was Metternich?
Redrew map of Europe to pre-Napoleon. Metternich was prince of Vienna, ran congress
The Seven Years War (French and Indian War)
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 62
Causes Facts Effects Impact
Globally
France and
Britain
wanted to
expand in
North
America
France had
western part
of modern
day US.
Britain
controlled
east coast
American
Rev, British
forced taxes
American
Rev, French
giving up
colonies in
Americas
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 63
~~~~Latin America~~~~
List two revolutions that inspired
those in Latin America:
1. American
2. French
Who was Toussaint L’Overture
and why is he significant?
Leader of Haitian Rev. Led only
successful slave revolt, gained
independence for Haiti
Who was Simon Bolivar and why
is he significant?
Led revolutions throughout South
America, gained independence for
many countries from Spain
Prentice Hall, 191-192
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 64
Person/Concept Country Significance
Ataturk
Turkey
Modernized Turkey, supported secularism, European law,
Western culture. Nationalistic, drove out foreign powers after
war.
Zionism Israel Wanted to establish nation for
Jews in homeland
Bismarck Germany Blood and iron, led to unification
and industry
Garibaldi Italy
“the sword” Provided military
support to bring kingdoms
together
Mazzini
Italy
“the soul” Convinced the people
of unification
Cavour Italy “The brain” set foundation,
wanted constitutional monarchy
Gandhi India Led Indian independence
movement, nonviolence
Nehru India Negotiated with Britain for
independence, 1st prime minister
When people realize they share a
common ancestry, heritage,
language and culture; nationalism
acts like a magnet.
Prentice Hall, 157- 162, 201-206
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 65
Martin Luther King U.S. Helped end segregation in U.S.,
civil rights movement leader
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 66
Person/Concept Country Significance
Jinnah
Pakistan Created state of Pakistan. Led All-
India Muslim League, negotiated
for political rights
Indian National Congress
India Wanted more Indian involvement
in gov’t
Muslim League
India/Pakistan Wanted creation of Pakistan,
defended Muslim minority
India/Pakistan Conflict
India and Pakistan Over control of Muslim-majority
Kashmir.
Passive Resistance/Civil
Disobedience
India Idea of Gandhi, do not make
military conflict over independence
Indira Gandhi
India Prime minister, led to India’s self-
sufficiency in agriculture, success
in Pakistan war, assassinated
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 67
What was the agricultural revolution?
Transformation of farming in 18th century, new crops, better
cultivation technology, consolidation of farmland
What were the effects of the agricultural revolution?
Loss of jobs for many farmers, labor force, fewer needed to farm land
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why?
Great Britain was the first country to become industrialized. They had access to coal, materials from the Americas, and invented new machinery. They them prevented others from learning about industry. Machines and knowledge were kept secret.
What were three causes of the Industrial Revolution?
1. Agricultural Rev
2. Capital
3. Coal and iron ore (natural resources
Effects of the Industrial Revolution:
1) Mass production
2) Urbanization
3) Poor working conditions
4) Laissez faire
5) Middle and working classes
Prentice Hall, 164-166 Barron’s 301-303
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 68
What is
conservatism?
Keep old
ways, absolute
monarchy
What is
Marxism?
Wants end of
private property,
complete
equality
What is
Utopian
Socialism? Self-sustaining
communities,
cooperative work
What is Social
Darwinism? Idea that certain
states will dominate
others based on
innate differences
What is
liberalism?
Pro civil
rights,
representative
gov’t
New
philosophies
and ideas
Prentice Hall, 153 Barron’s 272, 298
DEFINE ANARCHY
Chaos, disorder. No gov’t
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 69
Supply stations
for ships
Places to sell goods
after industrial rev
Missionary work
Military bases
overseas
Need of natural
resources for
production
What were the
causes of
imperialism?
Explain.
Prentice Hall, 121-123 Barron’s 271-272
Define: transoceanic empires Empires in Americas, Africa, Asia, home country in Europe. Britain, France, etc. Colonies/territory in
each continent
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 70
Who was Mathew Commodore Perry?
First to arrive at Japan, opened it up to the West
What was the Meiji Restoration?
Industrialization and end of old social classes in Japan
JAPANESE
IMPERIALISM
SINO-JAPANESE WAR
Explain it: Between China and Japan over
control of Korea
Significance:
Korea was controlled by Japan
Outcome:Japanese victory
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
Explain it:
Russia and Japan both wanted Korea and Manchuria. Significance:
Russian navy was destroyed
Outcome: Japanese victory
japan
Prentice Hall, 170-172
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 71
COUNTRY WHAT SHOULD I KNOW?
INDIA What European country controlled India?
Britain
Explain what led to the Sepoy Mutiny?
Pig and cow fat was used in rifle cartridges, offensive to Hindus
and Muslims
What were the effects?
Led to Britain taking direct control of India
AFRICA How did the Berlin Conference illustrate Eurocentrism?
No African countries were present
What was the Boer War? Who fought?
Conflict between Dutch and British in Africa, British won. Diamonds and gold were at stake
What was the result of Zulu resistance?
British took over land of the Zulu
CHINA Who was selling opium to the Chinese?
Britain
What was the Opium War?
China wanted to stop trade of opium, Britain didn’t
How did the Europeans benefit from the Treaty of Nanjing?
European merchants took control of the Chinese eco.
What is a Sphere of Influence?
Area where western country could sell goods in China
Why did the Boxers lose?
Had no weapons, went against imperialistic powers
Who was Sun Yixian?
Led revolution against Qing
Who was Sun Yixian? (Yatsen)
Prentice Hall, 160-161 Barron’s, 286
Barron’s, 2122
Barron’s, 281-282
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 72
New Nations
New Nation Significance
The Cherokee Nation Land taken by US, people sent to reservations
Siam Only Southeast Asian nation to remain independent
Hawai’i Annexed by US
Zulu Kingdom Resisted imperialism, did not succeed
Nationalism
New Nation Significance
Filipino nationalism Supported by US, ended Spanish control
Liberian nationalism Against settlers in Liberia, led to new state
Class Notes
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 73
Be able to explain the significance of the following people, places or concepts:
1. Guano:
Used as fertilizer in Peru
2. Limited liability corporation:
Merchants pooled resources, split profits. No one is taking a huge risk if failure occurs 3. Gold standard:
Money is based on a certain amount of gold
4. “Open Door Policy:
Opened up Chinese ports to trade to all
5. Copper mines in Mexico:
Harsh conditions led to Mexican Revoltution
6. Coal and diamond mines in South Africa:
British workers, led to Boer War, British won
7. United Fruit Company:
Owned much land in Caribbean, controlled banana market.
8. HSBC:
Bank in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Japan, helped opium trade
9. Muhammad Ali and the development of cotton in Egypt:
General who took over Egypt after Napoleon’s departure. Industry, autonomy in Egypt, not
dependent on colonial power
10. Suffrage other than the USA for women:
Young Turks, etc. wanted to gain support of women, give more rights
11. Dutch colonization in Indonesia:
Trading company allowed for control of eco and political
12. British colonization in India:
Took control of industry, agriculture, whole eco
13. British influence in West Africa:
Brought scientific, military, industrial advancements. Racist, condescending towards native pop.
14. Belgium influence in the Congo:
Forced villagers to produce rubber, allowed to mutilate those who did not meet quota. Pop halved in 40
years
Barron’s, Traditions and Encounters
Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 74
15. British influence in Australia and New Zealand:
Waged war on Aborigines to take control of Australia. Criminals and soldiers lived on the islands
16. French influence in Algeria:
Thought to be most important French possession, so they were incredibly violent to natives
17. Bolivar’s Jamaican Letter:
Inspired revolution against Spain in Latin America
18. Maroon Societies:
Made up of escaped slaves, raided plantations for supplies, free others
19. Marathas and the Mughal Sultans:
Marathas were Hindu, fought Mughals for control of India, lost
20. The Indian Revolt of 1857:
Sepoys rebelled against British, thought pork fat was used in bullet casings
21. The Taiping Rebellion:
Rebellion against Qing dynasty, wanted reform and new dynasty.
22. The Ghost Dance:
Resistance to US mistreatment of natives, US massacred the Sioux
23. The Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement:
Rebellion where cattle, crops were killed in British ruled South Africa. Led to end of resistance
24. The Tanzimat movement:
Reforms in Ottoman with goal of ending European influence
25. The Self-Strengthening Movement:
Qing tried to modernize military and economy. Cixi was against
26. Chinese Exclusion Act:
US policy that ended Chinese immigration for a time.
27. White Australia Policy:
Only whites could migrate to Australia. Shows views of racial superiority
28. Enclave of the Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America and North America:
Chinese worked in these places in industry or agriculture
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 75
Accelerating Global Change and
Realignments 1900 to Present
What were the causes of WWI?
M A N I A
Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination of
Arch Duke Franz
Ferdinand
Who was involved?
CENTRAL POWERS
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottomans
ALLIED POWERS
US
France
Britain
Russia
Prentice Hall, 190-194
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 76
1. Why were the Balkans known as the Powder Keg?
They were ready to explode at a moment’s notice due to ethnic tensions
2. What technology was used?
Planes, gas, machine guns, artillery
3. Describe trench warfare:
Soldiers stayed in trenches, charged at enemy’s, died in no-man’s land
4. Why was WWI a stalemate?
Trench warfare led to an unmoving front
5. What were the effects of WWI?
End of Austria-Hungary and Ottoman empire
6. How was Germany treated?
Blamed for the war, suffered economically
7. What is the significance of the Treaty of Versailles and the War Guilt clause?
Blamed Germany, asked for reparations
8. How did WWI pave the way for WWII?
Dissatisfied German people wanted revenge, make country strong once more
9. Define: firebombing
Use of incendiary weapons to devastate a city
How did the breakdown of the empire impact the Balkan region? Led to nationalistic sentiment in Balkan region, wanted separate states. Led to death of Ferdinand How did the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire wave the way for British influence in Egypt? British could now expand into Egypt without fear of retaliation, Suez Canal built
Barron’s, 143, 175, 211, 277
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 77
What was Bloody Sunday?
Workers protested at Winter Palace, were shot at
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
Lenin
What promise did Lenin make to the people of Russia?
End WWI, feed Russia
Why did Lenin pull out of WWI?
Promised to, many were dying for seemingly no cause
What was the NEP? How was it a step back from communism?
Some private owenrship of land to increase production, instead of
land owned by gov’t
CAUSES and EXPLAIN
Prentice Hall, 196-201 Russia was behind in industry, did not want
to be in WWI, not enough food, people were
poor, Nicholas II blamed,
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 78
Define: Command Economy
Complete control of economy by govt
Who took power after Lenin?
Stalin
What was the Great Purge?
Stalin killed political opponents
Describe the Five-year plan:
Made quotas for production, failed, peasants starved
What were collectives?
Communal farms joined together from smaller farms.
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 79
Impact/Significance
on the modern era
Mary Wollstonecraft’s a
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
Encouraged women to work, leave
home
Olympe de Gouge’s Declaration of the
Rights of Women and the Female Citizen
Response to French Rev., said
women need rights too
Seneca Falls Conference (1848)
Wanted education, working rights,
voting for women
Impact/Significance
on the modern era
Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific
Worked on sugar plantations after Chinese were
prohibited
Lebanese merchants in the Americas
Exposed products to new people, extended trade
Italians in Argentina
Worked on plantations, replaced slaves
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 80
How did the Great Depression pave the way for WWII?
Led to frustration with eco., fascism provided hope
What are the characteristics that are associated with a fascist
leader?
Only leader allowed, kill enemies, help nation, expand nation
1) Benito Mussolini – Il Ducé
Promises: End unemployment
problem, gain lands
Effects: lost power, died towards end of WWII, provoked the Allies. Ended freedoms for Italians
2) How did the Weimar Republic pave the way for WWII?
Weak, ineffectual, led to Hitler winning over public
3) Adolf Hitler
Promises: provide jobs, rebuild Germany
Strategies: charismatic, end Treaty of Versailles, gather military
Effects: Invaded Poland, started WWII, killed Jews
4) Main Ideas/Events that Are Associated With the Holocaust:
(Hitler Youth, Night of the Broken Glass, Nuremburg Laws)
Kristallnacht destroyed Jewish owned businesses, Nuremburg Laws encouraged anti-Semitism
Pages 259-263
Prentice Hall, 210-215
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 81
What important decisions were made at Yalta and Potsdam?
Germany would be divided into four zones
AXIS POWERS
Germany, Italy, Japan
ALLIED POWERS
US, Russia, China, Britain, France, Italy
The significance of the bombing of Pearl Harbor:
Led to US entry into the war
The significance of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki:
Ended war, only use of nuclear weapons
The significance of D-Day:
Started to push back into occupied France
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 82
Describe the human rights violations that occurred at Dresden and Nanjing:
Allies bombed Dresden, killed civilians. Japanese raped, killed Chinese
civilians at Nanjing
The League of Nation failed at the conclusion of WWI. What organization was created
in response to the atrocities that occurred during WWII? Why? Explain.
The UN was created due to the Holocaust, Rape of Nanking to prevent such
events from taking place again. Needed a strong peacekeeping agency
What was Blitzkrieg?
Lightning war, fast and effective
invasion strategy used by Nazi
Germany
What is appeasement?
Giving of territory to Hitler, hoping
he would not use military to expand
Significance International Criminal Court:
Global court to prosecute criminals guilty
of human rights violations
UNICEF:
UN program for children’s
rights, edu
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 83
War Crimes
Trial
Nazis executed,
imprisoned
Cold War
Us and USSR
began to
compete
Economic Loss
Communism
became more
popular
Human Loss
10 killed in
Holocaust
Most deadly
war
IMPACT OF
WWII
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 84
Which two super powers emerged?
US and USSR
1. Significance of Soviet Satellites?
Soviets won the space race
2. What is the significance of NATO?
Alliance system against USSR, divided countries into US or USSR allied
3. What is the significance of the Warsaw Pact?
USSR answer to NATO, attack on any nation would lead to retaliation from all others
4. Be able to describe the partition of Germany:
Split into 4 sectors, 3 going to Britian, France, US, 1 to USSR. Berlin split in 2
5. What was the Berlin Blockade?
USSR kept traffic from Berlin, cutting off supplies
6. What was the Berlin Airlift?
US sent planes over West Berlin to feed, clothe them
7. What was the “iron curtain” that had descended upon Europe?
Divided Easter Europe from Western Europe, Eastern had become communist
8. What was the arms race?
Between US, USSR to develop more powerful and threatening weapons
9. What was the space race?
Between US and USSR, see who could make it to space, moon first
10. What is the significance of Sputnik?
First satellite in space, by USSR
11. What is the significance of the Berlin Wall? (1961-1989)
Divided city of Berlin, kept East Berliners from going to West Berlin
Prentice Hall 226-232
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 85
12. What is the significance of the Marshall Plan?
Gave money to developing nations to prevent rise of communism
13. What is the significance of the Truman Doctrine?
US would help contain communism wherever needed
14. What is the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Missiles were pointed at US, had to be deescalated between JFK and Khrushchev, closest to
nuclear war that ever occurred
15. Define: containment
Prevention of Soviet expansion by US
16. Define: co-existence
Peaceful cooperation between communist and capitalist states. USSR and China used this
17. Who was Ho Chi Minh and was he significant?
Leader of North Vietnam, wanted to spread communism to South Vietnam
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 86
1. Who was Mao Zedong? Leader of Chinese Communist Party
2. What was the Long March? Moved army across China, gained supporters
3. List 5 reasons for Communist Success during the Chinese Civil War
✓ Guerilla attacks
✓ Long March
✓ Promised land
✓ Reject Confucianism
✓ modernization
IV. Mao Made Several Changes and Reforms. ➢ What was the goal of the Great Leap Forward? modernize China, increase output ➢ What was the Cultural Revolution? Who were the Red Guards? renew spirit of revolution in China. Students who became fighters for revolution ➢ How did the role of women change in China? paid equally, equality under the law
V. Deng Xiaoping
➢ List Deng Xiaoping’s four modernizations. farming, industry, science and technology, defense ➢ How was Deng different than Mao (economically)? Allowed for some capitalism
Prentice Hall, 238-241
What was the “little red
book?” Guidelines on how
to think in accordance with
Mao
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 87
Explain how India has dealt with the following problems:
3. Caste System
Abolished by Gandhi
4. Status of Women
Low due to Hinduism, Indira Gandhi helped change
5. Sikh Separatism
Used military to kill separatists
→ Why did East and West Pakistan break from India?
Needed a place for Muslims living in India where they would not be discriminated against
→ What name does East Pakistan have today?
Bangladesh
What event is illustrated in this picture?
Tiananmen Square Massacre
Prentice Hall, 242-243
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 88
❖ Define Apartheid
separation of whites, non whites in South Africa
❖ Explain how each of the people below contributed to the end of apartheid:
Nelson Mandela:
civil disobedience, put in jail, became martyr
Desmond Tutu:
Asked for stopping trade with British until Apartheid is ended
F.W. de Klerk
President of South Africa, released Mandela, made it African National Congress legal
❖ What problems has tribalism caused in Africa?
led to fighting between tribes in nations like Uganda
❖ What do Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta have in common?
Both wanted independence of their respective countries
❖ What is the significance of Pan-Africanism?
Joined together people of Africa to oppose imperialism, end tribalism
Prentice Hall, 245-247
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 89
Why was Israel created?
Give Jews a homeland after Holocaust
What is the goal of the PLO?
destroy nation of Israel
What was the intifada?
Palestinians became violent in Israel
How did the Camp David Accords promote peace in the Middle East?
brought peace between Egypt, Israel
The Middle East is important to the world because it is an important source of oil, home to three
world religions, and is the crossroads of trade between Egypt, Africa and Europe.
What was the focus of the Iran-Iraq War?
Iraq invaded Iran after its revolution
How did the Persian Gulf War begin?
Iraq invaded Kuwait, needed to be stopped
Why have people of the Middle East turned to Islamic Fundamentalism?
promises rules to follow, creation of state for Muslims in every way
Who overthrew the Shah of Iran? What type of government did he establish? How has he
changed the government of Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini, theocracy, no women’s suffrage
Prentice Hall, 249-254
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 90
THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
Causes:
1. Gorbachev
2. Reagan
3. Revolts in Hungary, etc.
4. detente
5. wars in Kora, Vietnam
BREAK UP OF USSR
Effects:
1. Reunification of Germany
2. Capitalism in Russia
3. democracy
4. independence for Soviet satellites
Perestroika
Restructuring of eco
Glasnost
Freedom of press, speech
Who am I?
Gorbechev
The fall of the Berlin Wall was a symbolic end to Communist control over Eastern Europe.
Who was Lech Walesa and what did he accomplish? Polish politician, founded independent trade union in Soviet bloc
Prentice Hall, 255-259
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 91
ARGENTINA How did Juan Peron gain popularity?
Financed public works, wife Evita was popular with
the people
CUBA
Who is Fidel Castro?
Leader of Cuba, led revolt
Why was Cuba affected by the collapse of the Soviet
Union?
Cubans relied on their support, economy was poor
NICARAGUA What type of political system did the Sandinistas
establish?
Communist democracy
Name the political group that revolted against the
Sandinistas.
The Contras
Why did the US support this counterrevolutionary
group?
They were against communism and so was the US
Prentice Hall, 260-263
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 92
Armenian Genocide
Armenians were killed in
Ottoman Empire, still
denied it happened
Rape of Nanjing
Japan raped, killed
Chinese civilians
Darfur
Rape, killing in Sudan
civil war
Cambodia
Cambodian communists
took over, killed educated
members of society
Africa
Apartheid
Segregation of blacks and
whites
Africa
What happened in Rwanda?
Tutsi were killed by
the Hutu
Bosnia
Bosnian serbs were killed
after declaring
independence
Northern Ireland
Describe the religious
controversy.
Protestants want to stay in
UK, Catholics want to leave
Ethnic and
Religious Conflict
Worldwide
Prentice Hall, 279-285
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 93
CURRENT
ISSUES
Topic Problem
Overpopulation
Not enough food, living space for world pop
Environmental Pollution
Earth is losing biodiversity, climate change occurring
Deforestation
Environment is being destroyed due to capitalism
Desertification
Less area is available to grow food, leads to starvation
Status of Women
Still inferior to men, especially in Islamic countries
Urbanization
Leads to pollution, poor living conditions, overcrowding
Prentice Hall, 286-291
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 94
Concepts:
Define and respond, make sure you are
responding in the context of the
periodization:
The theory of relativity: Put forward by Einstein, said space
and time are not constant
Quantum mechanics: motion of subatomic particles,
atomic bomb
Big Bang Theory: Idea that universe expanded from
single point
Psychology: Analysis of the mind, desires
Polio vaccination: Prevents polio from spreading,
crippling people
Antibiotics: Kills bacteria, fights infection
Artificial heart: Prolongs life, allows for
How have medical advancements influenced the population?
Increased lifespan, greater chance
at survival
Why are malaria, tuberculosis and cholera associated with poverty?
Occur in places without
vaccines/medical treatment
1918 influenza: Killed more than WWI, unknown
cause
Ebola: Spread in Africa, kills and could
spread across the world
Traditions and Encounters, Barron’s Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 95
HIV/Aids Autoimmune infection spread by
blood Why are these diseases associated with changing lifestyles: diabetes,
heart disease, Alzheimer’s?
All develop with age/lack of
exercise/diet
How did the Gold Coast achieve independence from the British?
Nkrumah helped with
independence movement How did Algeria and Vietnam gain
independence from the French empire?
Through independence wars
How did Angola gain independence from the Portuguese?
Through war
What interaction did Muhammad Ali Jinnah have with the Québécois
separatist movement?
Supported it due to their difference
from Canada
Biafra secessionist movement: Tried to establish independent
Biafra state
Pan-Arabism: Joining of Arab nations against
Israel
Zionsim: Creation of Israel
Gurkha soldiers: Nepalese troops that were part of
British army
ANZAC troops in Australia: Australian and New Zealand
troops, fought in WWI
Military conscription: Forces people to fight for military
Picasso in his Guernica: Painting, shows Nazi bombing of
village in Basque (Spain)
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 96
Al-Qaeda: Terrorist group carried out 9/11,
based in Afghanistan, Iraq
New Deal: FDR tried to revitalize eco. After
Great Depression
Chile under Pinochet: No freedom of speech, secret
police, executions
International Monetary Fund (IMF): Maintains stability in global eco
World Bank: Lends money to countries for
development
World Trade Organization (WTO): Guarantees free trade
NAFTA:
North American free trade
agreement, Mexico, Canada, US
has free trade
ASEAN: Southeast Asian trade agreement
European Union: Established in Europe to bring eco.
Together
Mercosur: South American trade agreement
Greenpeace Protest Movement: Protesters against pollution
Green Belt in Kenya: Organization for environmental
protection
Negritude: Being proud of African culture and
heritage
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 97
Xenophobia: Fear of people of other countries
Hare Krishna: Idea that the love of Krishna is
most important
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 98
Socialist Realism
Art meant to
portray life in
communist
countries and
promote it
Video Games
Entertainment for
mostly children to
young adults,
takes up large
amount of free
time
Economic impact
of Coca-Cola
Traded throughout
the world, makes
jobs in factories
James Bond
Started as book
series, popularized
by prevalence of
spies during Cold
War
Dada
Art that criticizes
modern world
MODERN
TIMES
SIGNIFICANCE
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 99
Bollywood
Indian version of
Hollywood,
involves musical
numbers
Reggae
Music style from
Jamaica, usually
social critique
Cricket
Popular in India,
Britain. Players
were involved
with India
independence
Olympics
International sport
competition, held
every 4 (2) years
World Cup Soccer
International
soccer
competition held
every 4 years
MODERN
TIMES
SIGNIFICANCE
GOOD LUCK!