MRV Methodology Title: “Replacing Fossil Fuels with...

[Attachment to GEC’s Demonstration/Feasibility Study Report JFY2012]

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MRV Methodology Title: “Replacing Fossil Fuels with Sustainable Biomass Resources in Sri Lanka” (Draft Ver. 3.0)

1. Title of the Methodology

“Replacing Fossil Fuels with Sustainable Biomass Resources in Sri Lanka"

2. Summary of the Methodology This methodology is applicable to projects designed to consume biomass fuels (wood fuel, agricultural residues, etc) produced in Sri Lanka as alternative fuel resources to fossil fuels consumed in the country. This biomass replaces fossil fuels currently used at the project site and reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared with those of the reference scenario. This methodology is applicable to projects where biomass resources such as wood, agricultural residues, and other energy crops etc will be used for power generation, and/or thermal energy generation (boiler, etc.) including co-generation system(CGS) This MRV methodology also covers the system which co-combust fossil fuel and biomass resources.

3. Eligibility Criteria This methodology is applicable to projects that fully satisfy the following cases.

Check Case 1 Fossil fuel use shall be replaced by biomass resources used for

power generation and / or thermal energy generation

Case 2 The amount of power and / or thermal energy substituted by the project activity shall be measurable.

Case 3 The biomass resources used in the project complies with the national guideline set by the Government of Sri Lanka

Case 4 The technology, equipment and facilities introduced in the project are not common in the host country; moreover, the project entails introduction of biomass using equipment possessing more than a certain plant capacity.

Case 5 The projects shall be implemented voluntarily by the project owners but not implemented based on legislation or regulations in the host country.

Case 6 Project activity satisfies environmental standards and regulations of the host country (“Gazette no 772/722 of 24th June 1993” and “Gazette no 859/14 of 23rd February 1995”)

Note: This methodology is drafted as the result of the GEC’s JCM Demonstration/Feasibility Study in JFY2012. Therefore, this draft methodology is not officially approved by any governments involved in JCM, and is subject to change in the future.


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4. Selection of Calculation Method To calculate the reference emission, the project developer must refer to the calculation method best-suited for his/her project using the flow chart below.

Calculation methods from input biomass (2-1,2-2,3-1,3-2) shall only be applied where biomass fuel is processed as uniform quality products such as pellet, briquette and wood chip and cannot be applied to the cases where unprocessed biomass fuel such as saw dust and unprocessed wood.

5. Necessary Data for Calculation The data that requires presetting in the planning stage of the project or monitoring after the start of the project is determined below based on the calculation method selected in section 4. If the data shown below is imported, a calculation tool is provided in this methodology that will allow you to measure emission reductions.

5.1 Calculation method 1-1: Calculation from Output Energy _Default values

(1) Monitoring and input after project starts Description of data Value Units

Grid connected electricity consumption in reference scenario(ELRE_grid) (= Grid connected electricity produced and consumed in the project)

- MWh/y

Electricity production and consumption on site in reference scenario (ELRE_FF) (= Electricity produced and consumed on site in the project)

- MWh/y

Heat medium amount (FPJ, thermal) - t/y Amount of biomass used as fuel in the project in year y (QBio,y)

- t/y

Fossil fuel consumption for co-combustion with biomass fuel in year y (FFQPJ,co-fire,y)

- t/y

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Onsite Energy Use(Power

generation, Thermal energy generation,

co-generation)

Yes

Yes

Electricity Supply to the National Grid

(including co-generation)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Calculate from Input Biomass

Calculate from Output Energy

Replacing Fossil Fuels with

Sustainable Biomass Resources

Use the default values

NoUse default specific value

orMonitored data



orMonitored data



orMonitored data

Calculation method 1-1

(p.9)


(p.10)


(p.11)


(p.11)


(p.12)


(p.12)


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(2) In the planning stage, enter the data determined ex-ante Description of data Value Units

Emission factor for grid connected power (EFCO2,grid) Solar: 0.7269 Others: 0.7158

tCO2/MWh

Emission factor for fossil fuel(EFCO2,FF) 1) Default values according to IPCC

Fuel oil, Heavy oil: 0.0774

Gas, Diesel: 0.0741 Naphtha: 0.0733

2) Host country’s default

tCO2/GJ

Electricity production and heat production efficiency before project (Electricity production and heat production combined efficiency before project for CGS) ( RE)

1) 100% (heat production) 2) Catalog value

(electricity production) 3) Existing recorded value

(electricity production)

%

Heat medium enthalpy at outlet of heat production equipment(hout)

1) 2.675 (enthalpy of steam at 100 oC)

2) The most conservative value in operation range

GJ/t

Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat production equipment(hin)

1) 0.419 (enthalpy of water at 100 oC)

2) The most conservative value in operation range

GJ/t

Conversion factor (MWh to GJ) 3.6 GJ/MWh Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y (APEcul,y)

0 (For plantation, separate

default value will be applied)

tCO2/y

Project CO2 emission from biomass transportation in year y (APEtrans,y)

0.049 tCO2/t

Coefficient of the proportion of project CO2 emission from power and fossil fuel consumption for biomass pretreatment and auxiliary use in the system in year y (COEF)

20 %

5.2 Calculation method 1-2: Calculation from Output Energy _Specific values


Grid connected electricity consumption in reference scenario(ELRE_grid) (= Grid connected electricity produced and consumed in the project)

- MWh/y

Electricity production and consumption on site in reference scenario (ELRE_FF) (= Electricity produced and consumed on site in the project)

- MWh/y

Heat medium enthalpy at outlet of heat production equipment(hout)

- GJ/t

Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat production equipment(hin)

- GJ/t

Heat medium amount (FPJ, thermal) - t/y Amount of biomass used as fuel in the project in year y (QBio,y)

- t/y

Fossil fuel consumption for pretreatment in year y - t/y


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(FFQpret,y) Grid connected electricity consumption used for biomass pretreatment in the project (EQPret_grid,y)

- MWh/y

Fossil fuel consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y (FFQPJ,Aux,y)

- t/y

Grid connected electricity consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y (EQPJ,Aux,grid,y)

- MWh/y

(2) In the planning stage, enter the data determined ex-ante

Description of data Value Units Emission factor for grid connected power (EFCO2,grid) Solar: 0.7269

Others: 0.7158 tCO2/MWh

Emission factor for fossil fuel(EFCO2,FF) 1) Default according to IPCC




tCO2/GJ

Electricity production and heat production efficiency before project(Electricity production and heat production combined efficiency before project for CGS) ( RE)




%

Conversion factor (MWh to GJ) 3.6 GJ/MWh Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y (PEcul,y)

0 (For plantation, separate

default value will be applied)

tCO2/y

Per unit net calorific heat value of fossil fuel consumed for auxiliary purpose (NCVFF,Aux)

Furnace oil: 41.0 Gas/Diesel Oil: 44.0 Kerosene: 44.0 LPG: 44.4 Motor Gasoline: 45.6 Naphtha: 45.6 Residual oil: 41.0

GJ/t

Emission factor for fossil fuel used for auxiliary purpose (EFCO2_FF,Aux)

1) Default according to IPCC




tCO2/GJ

5.3 Calculation method 2-1: Calculation from Input Biomass_Onsite_Default values


Quantity of biomass fuel procured after the project starts (wet base)( Qbio,wet,y)

- t/y

Fossil fuel consumption for co-combustion with biomass fuel in year y (FFQPJ,co-fire,y)

- t/y


Description of data Value Units Emission factor for fossil fuel(EFCO2,FF) 1) Default according to

IPCC Fuel oil, Heavy oil: 0.0774

tCO2/TJ


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2) Host country’s default Electricity production and heat production efficiency before project(Electricity production and heat production combined efficiency before project for CGS) ( RE)




%

Efficiency of biomass power generation system (project) PJ,Bio,EL)

1) Measured value×correction factor (0.8)

2) Catalog value × correction factor (0.8)

%

Efficiency of heat generation facility (project) ( PJ,Bio,thermal) Measured value×correction factor 0.8

%

Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base)( GCVbio,dry)

19 (host country’s default

value)

GJ/t

Water content of biomass fuel (w) 1) guaranteed value by the supplier

2) measured value

%

Latent heat of water (h) 2.512 Conversion factor (MWh to GJ)(CF) 3.6 GJ/MWh Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y (APEcul,y)

0 tCO2/y


0.049 tCO2/t


20 %

5.4 Calculation method 2-2: Calculation from Input Biomass _Onsite_Specific values



- t/y

Average distance biomass transported in year y (DAFj,y) - km/trip Fossil fuel consumption for pretreatment in year y (FFQpret,y)

- t/y

Grid connected electricity consumption used for biomass pretreatment in the project (EQPret_grid,y)

- MWh/y

Fossil fuel based energy consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y (FFQPJ,Aux,y)

- t/y


- MWh/y








tCO2/TJ

Electricity production and heat production efficiency 1) 100% (heat production) %


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before project(Electricity production and heat production combined efficiency before project for CGS) ( RE)

2) Catalog value (electricity production)

3) Existing recorded value (electricity production)




%


%



value)

GJ/t


2) measured value

%

Latent heat of water (h) 2.512 Conversion factor (MWh to GJ)(CF) 3.6 GJ/MWh Proportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition(H) 6 % Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y (PEcul,y)

0 tCO2/y

5.5 Calculation method 3-1: Calculation from Input Biomass_Grid connection_ Default values



- t/y

Fossil fuel based energy consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y (FFQPJ,co-fire,y)

- t/y








tCO2/TJ





%




%


%



value)

GJ/t

Water content of biomass fuel (w) 1) Guaranteed value by the supplier

%


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2) Measured value Latent heat of water (h) 2.512 GJ/t Proportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition(H) 6 % Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y (APEcul,y)

0 tCO2/y


0.049 tCO2/t


20 %

5.6 Calculation method 3-2: Calculation from Input Biomass_Grid Connection_Specific values



- t/y

Average distance biomass transported in year y (DAFj,y) - km/trip Fossil fuel consumption for pretreatment in year y (FFQpret,y)

- t/y

Grid connected electricity consumption used for biomass pretreatment in the project (EQPret_grid,y)

- MWh/y

Fossil fuel based energy consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y (FFQPJ,Aux,y)

- t/y


- MWh/y








tCO2/TJ





%




%


%


19 (host country’s default value)

GJ/t


2) measured value

%

Latent heat of water (h) 2.512 GJ/t Proportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition(H) 6 %


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Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y (PEcul,y)

0 tCO2/y

6. Terms and Definitions

Term Definition Biomass Biological resource which is not utilized before the

commencement of the project, or newly produced for the purpose of utilizing for the project activities. Biomass or biomass originated fuel does not cause CO2 increase. By replacing fossil fuel with biomass, the equivalent amount of CO2 emission to be occurred with fossil fuel combustion can be reduced.

Sustainable Biomass Resources

Biomass resources which will not cause deforestation or compete against other usage. In the case of energy plantation, land for plantation will not compete against cultivation of edible crops and /or plants.

Energy production facility

Facility which produce / provide electricity and/or heat

7. Project Boundaries

The project boundary shall include physical and geographical boundary including electricity power generation or / and heat generation facility(ies). The project boundary shall include following GHG emission sources and GHG emissions, depending on the biomass to be utilized.

[Biomass cultivation process] GHG emissions from the cultivation of biomass (e.g. the consumption of fossil fuels by farm equipment, the release of N2O into the atmosphere from application of fertilizer).

[Biomass transport process] GHG emissions from the transportation of biomass resources. [Biomass production process] GHG emissions from pre-treatment. [Energy generation process] GHG emissions from auxiliary fossil fuel and electricity consumption.

8. Reference Scenario

In the case of thermal utilization, industry in Sri Lanka was divided into two categories according to energy source and the reference scenario was set according to each category as follows: Category 1 refers to biomass utilization, and Categories 2 and 3 have reference scenario as described in the table below. In consideration of the applicability of high-efficiency technology in fossil fuel-utilizing equipment, the most conservative figure of 100% is adopted as efficiency of fossil fuel-utilizing equipment in the reference scenario.

Category Reference Scenario 1 Industry sectors that traditionally or customarily

use biomass for heat such as tea manufacturing, coconut products manufacturing, brick manufacturing, rice polishing, etc.

Biomass utilization

2 Industry sectors that have introduced biomass using equipment in recent years such as rubber and plastic products manufacturing, chemicals manufacturing etc.

1)If an advanced technology that is not common in Sri Lanka (co-generation, high efficiency facility) is applied, reference scenario is fossil fuel. 3 Industry sectors in which it is difficult to introduce


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biomass using equipment due to technical and cost issues such as glass, iron, ceramics, activated charcoal manufacturing, hotels, processed foods manufacturing (major), etc.

2)Amount of biomass to be consumed < 0.75t/hour : Biomass utilization > 0.75t/hour : Fossil fuel

Concerning grid power, the BaU is power generation based on the Long-term Expansion Plan for power generation that as a rule is published every year. In the latest expansion plan (2009~2022), coal-fired power generation is more or less the only type incorporated into the future electric power planning. However, from the viewpoint of conservativeness, the official emission coefficient issued by the Sri Lankan DNA is adopted as the reference scenario grid emission factor. However, if introduction of biomass or other renewable energy is regulated by the Sri Lankan Government, the regulation values shall be the reference scenario for both thermal energy and electricity generation.

9. Reference Emissions and Calculation Based on the equation above, there are two different approaches for the project developer to choose from with respect to reference emission calculation methods (using output data or input data). The project developer can choose an ideal method in terms of advantages in monitoring costs after the project is started and any historical data present for conventional equipment. There are two types of calculation methods available; “Use the defaults” for all processes type and ”Use default specific values or monitored data” for all processes type, but the project developer is free to select either a default value, default specific value, or specific data with respect to each process. However, it should be noted that use of default values can lead to less emission reductions than the actual emission reductions based on the project developer’s own data.

9.1 Calculation method 1-1: Calculation from Output Energy_Default values In this calculation method, emission reduction shall be calculated from output energy and default values are applied to parameters used in the calculation. This method can be applied to all types of fossil fuel replacement by biomass fuel such as thermal energy production, power generation (onsite and grid) and co-generation projects including gasification and carbonization. REy ELRE_grid × EFCO2,grid EGRE_FF × EFCO2,FF ...Equation(1) EGRE_FF = (ELRE_FF × CF THRE_FF) RE ...Equation(2) THRE_FF (hout hin) × FPJ,thermal ... Equation(3) Therefore, REy ELRE_grid × EFCO2,grid (ELRE_FF × CF ( hout hin ) × FPJ,thermal) RE × EFCO2,FF

...Equation(4)

Parameter Description Unit Type of Data REy Reference emission tCO2/y C

[Equation(4)] ELRE,grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption in MWh/y M


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reference scenario(= grid connected electricity produced and consumed in the project)

EGRE,FF,y Energy produced and consumed on site in reference scenario

GJ/y C [Equation(2)]

EFCO2,grid Emission factor for grid connected power tCO2/MWh D EFCO2,FF Emission factor for fossil fuel used in the

reference scenario tCO2/GJ D

ELRE,FF,y Electricity production and consumption on site

MWh/y M

CF Conversion factor (MWh to GJ) GJ/MWh D THRE,FF,y Thermal energy produced and consumed

on site in the reference scenario (=Thermal energy produced and consumed on site in the project)


RE Electricity production and heat production efficiency before project (Electricity production and heat production combined efficiency before project for CGS)

% D

hout Heat medium enthalpy at outlet of heat production equipment

GJ/t D

hin Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat production equipment

GJ/t D

FPJ,thermal Heat medium amount (Amount of water or steam from the biomass boiler)

t/y M

C: Calculated data D: Default data based on publicly recognized data M: Monitoring data S: Default specific value of the project

9.2 Calculation method 1-2: Calculation from Output Energy_Specific values In this calculation method, emission reduction shall be calculated from output energy and default specific values or monitored are applied to parameters used in the calculation. This method can be applied to all types of fossil fuel replacement by biomass fuel such as thermal energy production, power generation (onsite and grid) and co-generation projects including carbonization. REy ELRE_grid × EFCO2,grid EGRE_FF × EFCO2,FF ...Equation(1) EGRE_FF = (ELRE_FF × CF THRE_FF) ÷ RE ...Equation(2) THRE_FF (hout hin) × FPJ,thermal ... Equation(3) Therefore, REy ELRE_grid × EFCO2,grid (ELRE_FF × CF ( hout hin ) × FPJ,thermal) RE × EFCO2,FF

...Equation(4)

Parameter Description Unit Type of Data REy Reference emission tCO2/y C

[Equation(4)] ELRE,grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption in

reference scenario(= grid connected electricity produced and consumed in the

MWh/y M


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project) EGRE,FF,y Energy produced and consumed on site in

reference scenario GJ/y C

[Equation(2)] EFCO2,grid Emission factor for grid connected power tCO2/MWh D EFCO2,FF Emission factor for fossil fuel used in the


ELRE,FF,y Electricity production and consumption on site

MWh/y M

CF Conversion factor (MWh to GJ) GJ/MWh D THRE,FF,y Thermal energy produced and consumed

on site in the reference scenario (=Thermal energy produced and consumed on site in the project)



% D


GJ/t M (Determined by

temperature of outlet water or pressure of

outlet steam) hin Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat

production equipment GJ/t M

(Determined by temperature of inlet

water) FPJ,thermal Heat medium amount (Amount of water or

steam from the biomass boiler) t/y M


9.3 Calculation method 2-1, 2-2: Calculation from Input Biomass_Onsite Energy Utilization This calculation method is applicable to onsite energy utilization (thermal utilization, onsite power generation, onsite co-generation) where emission reduction shall be calculated from input biomass fuel. However, this method can only be applied where biomass fuel is processed as uniform quality products such as pellet and briquette and cannot be applied to the cases where unprocessed biomass fuel such as saw dust and unprocessed wood biomass. REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF ...Equation(5)

EGRE,FF,y ELRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE ...Equation(6)

ELRE,FF,y ELPJ,Bio,y ...Equation(7)

ELPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVbio,wet PJ,Bio,EL ...Equation(8)

THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVbio,wet PJ,Bio,thermal ...Equation(9)

NCVbio,wet (1-w)×NCVbio,dry w×h ...Equation(10)

NCVbio,dry GCVbio,dry H×18 2×h ...Equation(11)


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Therefore,

REy Qbio,wet,y× (1-w)× GCVbio,dry H×18 2×h w×h × PJ,Bio,EL PJ,Bio,thermal

RE×EFCO2,FF ...Equation(12)

Parameter Description Unit Type of data REy Reference emission tCO2/y C

[Equation12] EGRE,FF,y Energy produced and consumed on site in


[Equation 6] EFCO2,FF Emission factor for fossil fuel used in the


ELRE,FF,y Electricity production and consumption on site MWh/y C (Calculated as

ELPJ,Bio,y) THRE,FF,y Heat production and consumption on site GJ/y C

[Equation (3)] RE Electricity production and heat production

efficiency before project (Electricity production and heat production combined efficiency before project for CGS)

% D

ELPJ,Bio,y Electricity production and consumption after the project starts

MWh/y [Equation 8]

THPJ,Bio,y Heat production and consumption on site after the project starts

GJ/y C [Equation 9]

Qbio,wet,y Quantity of biomass fuel procured after the project starts (wet base)

t/y M

PJ,Bio,EL Efficiency of biomass power generation system (project)

% S

PJ,Bio,thermal Biomass Boiler Efficiency (project) % S NCVbio,wet Per unit of net calorific value of biogas

fuel(wet base) GJ/t C

[Equation 10] NCVbio,dry Per unit of net calorific value of biogas

fuel(dry base) GJ/t C

[Equation(11)] GCVbio,dry Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas

fuel(dry base) GJ/t S

w Water content of biomass fuel % D or S h Latent heat of water GJ/t D CF Conversion factor (MWh to GJ) GJ/MWh D H Proportion of hydrogen at absolute dry

condition % D


9.4 Calculation method 3-1, 3-2: Calculation from Input Biomass_Electricity Generation Supply to the National Grid This calculation method is applicable to the electricity generation projects that will supply electricity to the national grid including co-generation project that will also generate thermal energy. In this calculation method, emission reductions shall be calculated from input biomass


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fuel. In addition, this method can only be applied where biomass fuel is processed as uniform quality products such as pellet and briquette and cannot be applied to the cases where unprocessed biomass fuel such as saw dust and unprocessed wood biomass. REy ELRE,grid,y×EFCO2,grid EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF ...Equation(5)’

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE ...Equation(6)’

ELRE,grid,y ELPJ,Bio,y ...Equation(7)

ELPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVbio,wet PJ,Bio,EL ...Equation(8)

THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVbio,wet PJ,Bio,thermal ...Equation(9)

NCVbio,wet (1-w)×NCVbio,dry w×h ...Equation(10)

NCVbio,dry GCVbio,dry H×18 2×h ...Equation(11)

Therefore,

REy Qbio,wet,y×{(1-w)×(GCVbio,dry H×18 2×h) (h×w)} ×{ PJ,Bio,EL×EFCO2,grid PJ,Bio,thermal / RE×EFCO2,FF} ...Equation(12)’

Parameter Description Unit Type of data

REy Reference emission tCO2/y C [Equation12’]

ELRE,grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption in reference scenario(= grid connected electricity produced and consumed in the project)

MWh/y C [Equation 7]

EFCO2,grid Emission factor for grid connected power tCO2/MWh D EGRE,FF,y Energy produced and consumed on site in


[Equation6’] EFCO2,FF Emission factor for fossil fuel used in the


THRE,FF,y Heat production and consumption on site GJ/y C [Equation 9]


% D

ELPJ,Bio,y Electricity production and consumption after the project starts

MWh/y C [Equation 7]

THPJ,Bio,y Heat production and consumption on site after the project starts

GJ/y C [Equation 9]

Qbio,wet,y Quantity of biomass fuel procured after the project starts (wet base)

t/y M

NCVbio,wet Per unit of net calorific value of biomass fuel(wet base)

GJ/t C [Equation 10]

PJ,Bio,EL Efficiency of biomass power generation system (project)

% S

PJ,Bio,thermal Biomass Boiler Efficiency (project) % S NCVbio,dry Per unit of net calorific value of biomass

fuel(dry base) GJ/t C

[Equation11]


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w Water content of biomass fuel % D or S h Latent heat of water GJ/t D GCVbio,dry Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas

fuel(dry base) GJ/t D or S

H Proportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition

% D


10. Project Emissions and Calculation There are two available project emission calculation methods for the project developer to choose from with respect to calculation methods (using output data or input data). The project developer can choose an ideal method in terms of advantages in monitoring costs after the project is started and any historical data present for conventional equipment. There are two types of calculation methods available; “Use the defaults for all processes” type and ”Use specific data for all processes” type, but the project developer is free to select either a default value or specific data with respect to each process. However, it should be noted that use of default values can lead to less emission reductions than the actual emission reductions based on the project developer’s own data.

10.1 . Calculation Method 1-1, 2-1, 3-1: Default values

1) PE,y: Project CO2 emissions in year y PEy ={APEcul,y +APEtrans,y}×Qbio,wet,y+PEPret_Aux,y+FFQPJ, co-fire,y×NCVFF,co-fire,y×EFFF, co-fire

...... Equation(13)

Parameter Description Unit Type of data PE,y Project CO2 emissions in year y tCO2/y C

[Equation 12] APEcul,y Project CO2 emission from biomass

cultivation in year y

tCO2/t D

APEtrans,y Project CO2 emission from biomass transportation in year y

tCO2/t D

QBio,wet,j,y Quantity of biomass fuel used as fuel after the project starts (wet base)

t/y M

PE Pret_Aux,y Project CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and electricity consumption for pretreatment of biomass and auxiliary purpose

tCO2/y C [Equation 14]

FFQPJ, co-fire,y Fossil fuel consumption for co-combustion with biomass fuel

t/y M

NCVFF, co-fire,y Per unit net calorific heat value of fossil fuel consumed for co-combustion with biomass fuel

GJ/t D

EFFF, co-fire Emission factor for fossil fuel used for co-combustion with biomass fuel

tCO2/GJ D

C: Calculated data D: Default data based on publicly recognized data


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M: Monitoring data S: Default specific value of the project

2) PEPret_Aux,y : Project CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and electricity consumption for pretreatment of biomass and auxiliary energy consumption

PEPret_Aux,y = COEF × REy ...Equation (14)

Parameter Description Unit Type of data

REy Reference emission tCO2/y C Option 1-1, 1-2:

[Equation 1] Option 2-1, 2-2: [Equation 12]

Option 3-1, 3-2: [Equation 12’]

COEF Coefficient factor for calculation of emissions from fossil fuel and electricity consumption for pretreatment of biomass and auxiliary purpose

- D


10.2. Calculation Method 1-2, 2-2, 3-2: Specific values PE,y = PEcul,y PEtrans,y PEpret,y PEAux,y ......... Equation (15)

Parameter Description Unit Type of data PE,y Project CO2 emissions in year y tCO2/y C

[Equation 16] PEcul,y Project CO2 emissions from cultivation of

biomass in year y tCO2/y D

PEtrans,y Project CO2 emissions from transportation of biomass in year y


PEpret,y Project CO2 emissions from pretreatment process in year y


PEaux,y Project CO2 emissions from auxiliary fossil fuel and electricity consumption in year y



1) PEtrans,y : Project CO2 emissions from transportation of biomass in year y

PEtrans,y j(Qbio,wet,y×DAFj,y)×EFCO2_FF,trans ...Equation (17)

Parameter Description Unit Type of data PEtrans,y Project CO2 emissions from transportation

of biomass in year y tCO2/y C

[Equation 17]


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QBio,wet,j,y Quantity of biomass fuel procured after the project starts (wet base)

t/y M

DAFj Average distance biomass transported km/trip S EFCO2_FF,trans Emission factor for fossil fuel used for

biomass transportation tCO2/t/km D


2) PEpret,y : Project CO2 emissions from pretreatment process in year y

PEpret,y = FFQpret,y × NCVFF,pret × EFFF,pret + EQPret_grid,y × EFCO2,grid ...... Equation(18)

Parameter Description Unit Type of data PEpret,y Project CO2 emissions from pretreatment

process in year y tCO2/y C

[Equation 18] FFQpret,y Fossil fuel consumption for pretreatment in

year y t/y M

NCVFF,pret Per unit net calorific heat value of fossil fuel consumed for biomass pretreatment

GJ/t D

EFCO2_FF,pret Emission factor for fossil fuel used for biomass pretreatment

tCO2/GJ D

EQPret_grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption used for biomass pretreatment in the project

MWh/y M

EFCO2,grid Emission factor for grid electricity in year y tCO2/MWh D C: Calculated data D: Default data based on publicly recognized data M: Monitoring data S: Default specific value of the project

* Consumption of fossil fuel and electricity NOT used exclusively for pretreatment of the biomass in the project shall be excluded from calculation. (i.e. excess heat from other heat source is used for biomass drying) 3) PEAux,,y : Project CO2 emissions from auxiliary fossil fuel and electricity consumption in year y

PEAux,,y = FFQ PJ,Aux,y × NCVFF,Aix,y × EFCO2,FF,Aux + EQ PJ,Aux,_grid,y × EFCO2,grid ... Equation(19)

Parameter Description Unit Type of data PEaux,y Project CO2 emissions from auxiliary fossil

fuel and electricity consumption in year y tCO2/y C

[Equation 19] FFQPJ,Aux,y Fossil fuel consumption for auxiliary

purpose in year y t/y M

EQ PJ,Aux_grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y

MWh/y M

NCVFF,Aux Per unit net calorific heat value of fossil fuel consumed for auxiliary purpose

GJ/t D

EFCO2_FF,Aux Emission factor for fossil fuel used for auxiliary purpose

tCO2/GJ D

EFCO2,grid,Aux Emission factor for grid connected power tCO2/MWh D C: Calculated data D: Default data based on publicly recognized data


I-17

M: Monitoring data S: Default specific value of the project

11. Leakage emissions and Calculation Leakage emissions shall be neglected due to the following reasons:

1) Leakage emission from competition of biomass: Biomass resources to be used by the project shall comply with the National Biomass Guideline, and thus emissions by competition of biomass resources shall not be counted in the emission reduction calculation.

2) Leakage emission from change in carbon stock in soil due to land use change or land management change: Leakage emissions from land use change can be neglected as carbon stock after project starts is expected to greater than that in the reference scenario.

3) Other leakage CO2 emission from production of fertilizer used for biomass cultivation and CO2 emission from avoidance of fossil fuel production due to biomass fuel use shall be excluded from leakage emission.

12. Calculation of Emission Reduction Emission reductions are calculated from specific reference emissions and project emissions.

ERy = REy - PEy

ERy Emission reductions in year y [tCO2/y] REy Reference emissions in year y [tCO2/y] PEy Project emissions in year y [tCO2/y]

13. Monitoring

The project developers must monitor the parameters described in the table below based on the calculation method of the selected GHG emission reductions.

13.1 .Calculation method 1-1: Calculation from Output Energy _Default values 1) Default specific values

Parameter Description Measurement Method (e.g.)

- - - 2) Monitored data

Parameter Description Measurement Method (e.g.) ELRE,grid,y Grid connected electricity

consumption in reference scenario (=Grid connected electricity produced and consumed in the project)

Electricity meter (Digital recording or manual recording)

ELRE,FF,y Electricity production and consumption on site in reference scenario (=Electricity produced and



I-18

consumed on site in the project) FPJ,thermal Heat medium amount (Amount of

steam generated from the biomass boiler)

Digital flow meter (automatic Recording by Data Logger or manual recording)

QBioj,wet,y Amount of biomass j transported from cultivation location to energy production facility in year y

Manual reading of the weight scale

FFQPJ,co-fire,y Fossil fuel consumption for co-combustion with biomass fuel

Digital recording of amount of fossil fuel to the facility or purchase bill

13.2 .Calculation method 1-2: Calculation from Output Energy _Specific values 1) Default specific values


DAFj,y Average distance biomass transported in year y

Digital recording of interviews of drivers who supply biomass fuel

2) Monitored data

Parameter Description Measurement Method (e.g.) ELRE,grid,y Grid connected electricity

consumption in reference scenario (= Grid connected electricity produced and consumed in the project)


ELRE,FF,y Electricity production and consumption on site in reference scenario (= Electricity produced and consumed on site in the project)



1) If outlet heat medium is steam, manual or automatic recording of pressure of outlet steam (hout is obtained by referring to the steam table)

2) If outlet heat medium is hot water manual or automatic recording of temperature of outlet water (hout is obtained by referring to the steam table)

hin Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat production equipment

Manual or automatic recording of temperature of inlet water (hin is obtained by referring to the steam table)

FPJ,thermal Heat medium amount (Amount of steam generated from the biomass boiler)

Digital flow meter (automatic Recording by Data Logger or manual recording)

QBio,wet,j,y Quantity of biomass fuel procured after the project starts (wet base)

Manual reading of the weight scale

FFQpret,y Fossil fuel consumption for Digital recording of amount of


I-19

pretreatment in year y fossil fuel to the facility or purchase bill

EQPret_grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption used for biomass pretreatment in the project

Digital recording of electricity meter

FFQPJ,Aux,y Fossil fuel consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y


EQ PJ,Aux_grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y




13.3 .Calculation method 2-1: Calculation from Input Biomass _Onsite_Default values 1) Default specific values

Parameter Description Measurement Method (e.g.) PJ,Bio,EL Efficiency of power generation

facility using biomass fuel (project) Conduct efficiency test. The value will be calculated efficiency of efficiency test multiplied by 80%. Otherwise, catalogue value multiplied by 80% can be used.

PJ,Bio,thermal Efficiency of heat generation facility using biomass fuel(project)

Conduct efficiency test. The value will be calculated efficiency of efficiency test multiplied by 80%. Otherwise, catalogue value multiplied by 80% can be used.

GCVbio,dry Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base)

Calorific value analysis of the biomass fuel. Otherwise default value can also be used.

w Water content of biomass fuel Water content test using oven according to a appropriate measurement method. Otherwise, specification of biomass fuel suppliers can also be used.

2) Monitored data

Parameter Description Measurement Method (e.g.) Qbio,wet,y Quantity of biomass fuel procured

after the project starts (wet base) Manual reading of the weight scale



13.4 .Calculation method 2-2: Calculation from Input Biomass_Onsite_ Specific values 1) Default specific values




PJ,Bio,EL Efficiency of power generation Conduct efficiency test. The value


I-20

facility using biomass fuel (project) will be calculated efficiency of efficiency test multiplied by 80%. Otherwise, catalogue value multiplied by 80% can be used.






2) Monitored data





FFQpret,y Fossil fuel consumption of biomass pretreatment and utilization in year y


EQPret,grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption used for biomass pretreatment in the project




EQ PJ,Aux,grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y




13.5.Calculation method 3-1: Calculation from Input Biomass _Grid Supply_Default values 1) Default specific values

Parameter Description Measurement Method (e.g.) PJ,Bio,EL Efficiency of power generation

facility using biomass fuel (project) Conduct efficiency test. The value will be calculated efficiency of efficiency test multiplied by 80%. Otherwise, catalogue value multiplied by 80% can be used.


Conduct efficiency test. The value will be calculated efficiency of efficiency test multiplied by 80%.


I-21

Otherwise, catalogue value multiplied by 80% can be used.




2) Monitored data





13.6.Calculation method 3-2: Calculation from Input Biomass_Grid Supply_Specific values 1) Default specific values




PJ,Bio,EL Efficiency of power generation facility using biomass fuel (project)







2) Monitored data





FFQpret,y Fossil fuel consumption of biomass pretreatment and utilization in year

Digital recording of amount of fossil fuel to the facility or


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y purchase bill EQPret,grid,y Grid connected electricity

consumption used for biomass pretreatment in the project




EQ PJ,Aux,grid,y Grid connected electricity consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y




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Monitoring Points and Methods by Project Type 1. Assumed Project Type of Biomass Utilization

Monitoring points and methods are determined depending on the project type of biomass utilization. In this section, monitoring points and methods are described by project type.

Project types applicable to this methodology are as follows:

(1) Conversion of power generation/supply system [Grid electricity Biomass power generation system]

(2) Conversion of power generation/supply system [Diesel power generation system Biomass power generation system]

(3) Conversion of hot water boiler [Fossil fuel based boiler Biomass boiler]

(4) Conversion of steam boiler [Fossil fuel based boiler Biomass boiler]

(5) Conversion of cogeneration system [Grid electricity Fossil fuel based boiler Biomass cogeneration system]

(6) Conversion of cogeneration system [Fossil fuel based cogeneration system Biomass cogeneration system]

(7) Biomass gasification system / Biomass carbonation system


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3. Calculation method 1-1, 1-2: Calculation from Output Biomass (1) Conversion of power generation /supply system [Grid electricity Biomass power generation system] 1) Description of Project Type Generating electricity by biomass fuel and substituting grid electricity for it, or selling

power to grid-power-affiliated parties. the amount of carbon dioxide which is required to generate grid electricity.

2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy ELRE,FF,y×EFCO2,grid ELRR,FF,y ELPJ,Bio,y 4)Monitoring Parameters ELPJ Generated Energy kWh

Electricity Use

secondary side

ELRE,grid,y

Biomass

Generator

efficiency:

PJ,Bio,EL

Biomass QBio,wet,y

DC watt-hour meters

Electricity Use

secondary side

ELPJ,Bio,y

Grid Electricity


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(2)Conversion of power generation/supply system [Diesel power generation system Biomass power generation system] 1)Description of Project Type

Generating electricity by biomass fuel and substituting electricity generated by biomass fuel for it.

2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF EGRE,FF,y ELRE,FF,y RE ELRE,FF,y ELPJ,Bio,y

4)Monitoring Parameters ELPJ Generated Energy kWh

Generator

efficiency

RE

Electricity Use

secondary side

Heavy Oil

EGRE,FF,y ELRE,FF,y

Biomass

Generator

Efficiency

PJ,Bio,EL

Biomass QBio

EGPJ,Bio

DC watt-hour meters

Electricity Use

secondary side

ELPJ,Bio,y


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(3) Conversion of hot water boiler [Hot water boiler Biomass boiler] 1)Description of Project Type Boiling water by biomass fuel and substituting it for hot water boiled by fossil fuels. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y hout hin ×FPJ,thermal 4) Monitoring Parameters hout Enthalpy of outlet hot water of biomass boiler (Computed by thermometry) (GJ)

hin Enthalpy of outlet hot water of biomass boiler (Computed by thermometry) (GJ)

FPJ,thermal,y The amount of flowing hot water (t/y)

Heat

Exchanger

Heavy oil

boiler

efficiency

RE

Heat Use secondary side

Heavy Oil

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y

Heat

Exchanger

Biomass Boiler

efficiency

PJ,Bio,thermal

Heat Use secondary side

EGPJ,Bio,y THPJ,Bio,y

thermometer flow meter

FPJ,therma

hout

hin

Biomass QBio,wet,y


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(4) Conversion of steam boiler [Fossil fuel based boiler Biomass boiler] 1)Description of Project Type Generating steam by biomass fuel and substituting it for steam generated by fossil fuels. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE,FF THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y hout hin ×FPJ,thermal,y 4)Monitoring Parameters hout Enthalpy of outlet steam of boiler (Calculated by steam pressure gauge)(GJ)

hin Enthalpy of inlet steam of boiler (Calculated by thermometer)(GJ) FPJ,thermal,y Heat medium amount (water or steam) (t/y)

Heat

Exchanger

Heavy Oil Boiler

efficiency RE,FF

Heat Use seconda

ry side

Heavy Oil

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y

Heat

Exchanger

Biomass Boiler

efficiency

PJ,Bio,thermal

Heat Use seconda

ry side

Biomass QBio,wet,y

EGPJ,Bio,

y

THPJ,Bio,

y

thermometer

flow meter

FPJ,thermal,y

steam pressure gauge

hin

hout


I-28

(5) Conversion of cogeneration system [Grid electricity Fossil fuel based boiler Biomass cogeneration system] 1)Description of Project Type Generating electricity and hot water by biomass fuel and substituting them for electricity and hot water generated by fuel fossils. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy ELRE,FF,y×EFCO2,grid EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF ELRE,FF,y ELPJ,Bio,y EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE THRE,FF,y EGPJ,Bio,y hout hin ×FPJ,thermal,y 4)Monitoring Parameters ELPJ,Bio,y Generated energy (kWh) hout Heat medium enthalpy at outlet of heat production equipment (Computed by steam pressure gauge)(GJ)

hin Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat production equipment (Calculated by thermometer)(GJ)

FPJ,thermal,y the amount of heat medium (or steam flowing)(t/y)

Heat

Exchanger

Heavy Oil Boiler

efficiency RE

Heat Use seconda

ry side

Heavy Oil

EGRE,FF,y THRE,F

F,y

Heat

Exchanger

Biomass

CGS

efficiency

PJ,Bio

Heat Use seconda

ry side

Biomass QBio,wet,y

EGPJ,Bio,

y THPJ,Bio,

y

thermometer

flow meter

FPJ,thermal,y

Electricity Use

secondary side

ELRE,FF,y

Electricity Use

secondary side

ELPJ,Bio,y

DC watt-hour meters

Grid Electricity

hin

hout


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(6) Conversion of cogeneration system [Heavy oil based cogeneration system Biomass cogeneration system] 1)Description of Project Type Generating electricity and hot water by biomass fuel and substituting electricity and hot water generated by fuel fossils for them. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF EGRE,FF,y ELRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE

ELRE,FF,y ELPJ,Bio,y THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y hout hin ×FPJ,Thermal,y 4)Monitoring Parameters ELPJ,Bio,y Generated energy kWh/y hout Heat medium enthalpy at outlet of heat production equipment (Computed by steam pressure gauge)(GJ)

hin Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat production equipment (Calculated by thermometer)(GJ)

FPJ,thermal,y the amount of heat medium (or steam flowing)(t/y)

Heat

Exchanger

Heavy Oil CSG

efficiency

Heat Use seconda

ry side

Heavy Oil

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y

Heat

Exchanger

Biomass

CGS

efficiency

Heat Use seconda

ry side

Biomass QBio,wet,y

EGPJ,Bio,y THPJ,Bio,y

thermometer

flow meter

FPJ,therma

Electricity Use

secondary side

ELRE,FF,y

Electricity Use

secondary side

ELPJ,Bio,y

DC watt-hour meters

hin

hout


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(7) Biomass gasification system / Biomass carbonation system Although additional processes of biomass gasification and carbonation are accompanied in case of biomass gasification or carbonation, outlet use of boiler is the same as that of direct firing. In calculating them at output side, therefore, any calculation methods of reference emission do not change in the case of gasification or carbonation. Power of gasification equipment need be calculated on project emission. 2)Monitoring Points

Direct Use

Gasification / Carbonation Use

Heat

Exchanger

Biomass Boiler

efficiency

PJ,Bio,termal

Heat use

secondary

side

Biomass QBio,wet,y

EGPJ,Bio,

y

THPJ,Bio,

y

FPJ,thermal,y hin

hout

Heat

Exchanger

Gas boiler

efficiency PJ,Bio,thermal

Heat use (secondar

y side)

Biomass QBio,wet,y

EGPJ,gas,

y THPJ,Bio,y

thermometer

flow meter

FPJ,thermal,y

steam pressure gauge

hin

hout

Gasification

equipment

(carbonization

equipment)

EGPJ,Bio,y

Both gasification and direct firing are

identical on items and methods of

Monitoring.


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3. Calculation method 2-1, 2-2: Calculation from Input Biomass (1) Conversion of power generation/supply system [Grid electricity Biomass power generation system] 1)Description of Project Type Generating electricity by biomass fuel and substituting grid electricity for it, or selling power

to grid-power-affiliated parties. This process reduces the amount of carbon dioxide which is required to generate grid electricity.

2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy ELRE,grid,y×EFCO2,grid ELRE,grid,y QBio,wet,y×NCVBio,wet PJ,Bio,EL NCVBio,wet = (1-w)×NCVBio,dry (h×w) 4)Monitoring Parameters QBio,wet,y biomass fuels (wet base) input (t/y) w water content (%)

PJ,Bio,EL power generation efficiency (by biomass fuels) (%)

Electricity

Use

secondary

side

ELRE,grid,y

Biomass

generator

efficiency

PJ, EL

Biomass QBio,wet,y EGPJ,Bio,

y Electricity

Use

secondary

side

ELPJ,Bio,y

Grid Electricity

Biomass

Boiler

efficiency

PJ,Bio,thermal

gravimeter

PJ,Bio,EL PJ,EL PJ,Bio,thermal


I-32

(2) Conversion of power generation/supply system [Diesel power generation system Biomass boiler]

1)Description of Project Type Generating electricity by biomass fuel and substituting electricity generated by fossil fuels for it. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF EGRE,FF,y ELRE,FF,y RE ELRE,FF,y ELPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVBio,wet PJ,Bio,EL NCVBio,wet = (1-w)×NCVBio,dry (h×w) 4)Monitoring Parameters QBio,wet,y Biomass fuel (wet base) input (t/y) w water content (%)

PJ,Bio,EL power generation efficiency (by biomass fuel) (%)

Power generation efficiency

RE

Electricity

Use

secondary

side

Heavy oil

EGRE,FF,y ELRE,FF,y

Biomass

Generation

efficiency

PJ,EL

Biomass QBio,wet,y EGPJ,Bio,y

Electricity

Use

secondary

side

ELPJ,Bio,y Biomass

Boiler

efficiency

PJ,thermal

PJ,bio,EL PJ,EL PJ,thermal

gravimeter


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(3) Conversion of hot water boiler [Fossil fuel based boiler Biomass boiler] 1)Description of Project Type Boiling water by biomass fuel and substituting it for hot water boiled by fossil fuels. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVBio,wet PJ,Bio,thermal

NCVBio,wet = (1-w)×NCVBio,dry (h×w) 4)Monitoring Parameters QBio,wet,y biomass fuel (wet base) input (t/y w water content (%)

PJ,Bio,thermal thermal efficiency (by biomass fuel) (%)

Heat

exchanger

Heavy Oil

Boiler

efficiency

RE

Electricity

Use

secondary

side

Heavy Oil

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y

Heat

exchanger

Biomass Boiler

efficiency

PJ,Bio,thermal

Heat Use

secondary

side

THPJ,Bio,y Biomass QBio,wet,y

gravimeter


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(4) Conversion of steam boiler [Fossil fuel based boiler Biomass boiler] 1)Description of Project Type Generating steam by biomass fuel and substituting it for steam generated by fossil fuels. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVBio,wet PJ,Bio

NCVBio,wet = (1-w)×NCVBio,dry (h×w) 4)Monitoring Parameters QBio,wet,y Biomass fuels (wet base) input (t/y) w water content (%)

PJ,Bio,thermal Heat efficiency (by biomass fuel) (%)

heat

exchanger

Heavy Oil

boiler

efficiency

RE

Heat Use

secondary

side

Heavy Oil

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y

heat

exchanger

Biomass boiler

efficiency

PJ,Bio,thermal

Heat Use

secondary

side

Biomass QBio,wet,y

THPJ,Bio,y

gravimeter


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(5) Conversion of cogeneration system [Grid electricity Fossil fuel based boiler Biomass cogeneration system] 1)Description of Project Type Generating electricity and hot water by biomass fuel and substituting hot water generated

by grid electricity and fuel fossils for them. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy ELRE,grid,y×EFCO2,grid EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF

ELRE,grid,y ELPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVBio,wet PJ,Bio,EL

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVBio,wet PJ,Bio,thermal

NCVBio,wet = (1-w)×NCVBio,dry (h×w) 4)Monitoring Parameters QBio,wet,y Biomass fuel (wet base) input (t/y) w water content (%)

PJ,Bio,EL Power generation efficiency (by biomass fuel)(%) PJ,Bio,thermal Heat efficiency (by biomass fuel) (%)

heat

exchanger

Heavy Oil

Boiler

efficiency

RE

Heat Use

secondary

side

Heavy

Oil

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y

heat

exchange

r

Biomass CGS

combined efficiency PJ,Bio

Power generation

efficiency PJ,Bio,EL

Heat efficiency PJ,Bio,thermal

Heat Use

secondary

side

Biomass QBio,wet,y

THPJ,Bio,y

Electricity

Use

secondary

side

ELRE,grid,y

Electricity

Use

secondary

side

ELPJ,Bio,y

Grid

Electricity

gravimeter


I-36

(6)Conversion of cogeneration system [Heavy oil based cogeneration system Biomass cogeneration system] 1)Description of Project Type Generating electricity and hot water by biomass fuel and substituting them for electricity and hot water generated by fuel fossils. 2)Monitoring Points

Reference Scenario

After Project

3)Calculation Equations REy EGRE,FF,y×EFCO2,FF,y EGRE,FF,y ELRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y RE

ELRE,FF,y ELPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVBio,wet PJ,Bio,EL

THRE,FF,y THPJ,Bio,y Qbio,wet,y×NCVBio,wet PJ,Bio,thermal

NCVBio,wet = (1-w)×NCVBio,dry (h×w) 4)Monitoring Parameters QBio biomass fuel input t w water content (%)

PJ,Bio,EL power generation efficiency (by biomass fuel) (%) PJ,Bio,thermal thermal efficiency (by biomass fuel) (%)

heat

exchanger

Heavy Oil

CSG

efficiency

RE

Heat Use

secondary

side

Heavy

Oil

EGRE,FF,y THRE,FF,y

heat

exchanger

Heat Use

secondary

side

Biomass QBio,wet,y

THPJ,Bio,y

Electricity

Use

secondary

side

ELRE,FF,y

Electricity

Use

secondary

side

ELPJ,Bio,y

gravimeter

Biomass CGS

combined efficiency PJ,Bio

power generation efficiency

PJ,Bio,EL

thermal efficiency

PJ,Bio,thermal


I-37

(7) Biomass gasification system / Biomass carbonation system With regards to gasification or carbonation, some of calculation items of direct firing methods can be replaced with the following items below in order to calculate reference emission.

Power of gasification equipment need be calculated on project emission.

Qbio,wet,y Qgas,y

NCVbio,wet NCVgas Qgas,y Qbio,wet,y PJ,gas

2)Monitoring Points

Direct Use

Gasification / Carbonation Use

3)Monitoring Parameters QBio,wet,y biomass fuel input (t) or Qgas,y biomass usage generated (t or ) w water content (%)

PJ,gas gasification efficiency (%) PJ,Bio,thermal thermal efficiency (by biomass fuel) (%)

heat

exchanger

Biomass

boiler

Efficiency

PJ,Bio

Heat use

(secondary

use )

Biomass QBio,wet,y

EGPJ,Bio,

y THPJ,Bio,y

heat

exchanger

Biomass boiler

Efficiency

PJ,Bio,thermal

Heat use

(secondary

use )

Biomass QBio,wet,y

Qgas,y gasification

(carbonization)

equipment

efficiency

PJ,gas

gravimeter

gas flow meter

THPJ,Bio,y


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Annex: Information on the calculation tool Calculation method 1-1: Calculation from Output Energy_Default values

1. Calculations for emission reductions Fuel type Value Units ParameterEmission reductions 0 tCO2/y ERy

2. Calculations for reference emissions

Reference emissions 0 tCO2/y REy

Grid connected electricity consumption in reference scenario 0 MWh/y ELRE_grid

Emission factor for grid connected power 0.716 EFCO2,grid EFCO2,gridElectricity production and consumption on site in referencescenario 0 MWh/y ELRE_FF

Conversion factor 3.6 MWh/GJ CFEmission factor for fossil fuel Furnace oil 0.0774 tCO2/GJ EFCO2,FF

Electricity production and heat production efficiency beforeproject(Electricity production and heat production combinedefficiency before project for CGS)

100% % RE,FF

Heat medium enthalpy at outlet of heat production equipment 2.7 GJ/t hout

Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat production equipment 0.42 GJ/t hin

Heat medium amount 0 t/y FPJ, thermal

3. Calculations of the project emissionsProject emissions 0 tCO2/y PEy

Amount of biomass j transported from generating location toenergy production facility in year y 0 t/y QBioj,y

Fossil fuel consumption for cofiring in year y(FFQPJ,cofire,y) Furnace oil 0 t/y FFQPJ,cofire,y

Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y 0 tCO2/y APEcul,y

Project CO2 emission from biomass transportation in year y Diesel 0.049 tCO2/y APEtrans,y

Proportion of project CO2 emission from power and fossil fuelconsumption for biomass pretreatment and auxiliary use in thesystem in year y

20% % COEF

Net Calorific Value of fossil fuel Furnace oil 41 GJ/t NCV,FFi,y

Emission factor for fossil fuel Furnace oil 0.0774 tCO2/GJ EFCO2,FFi,y

[List of Default Values]CO2 emission factor by type of fuel EFCO2,FF

Furnace oil 0.0774 tCO2/GJGas, diesel 0.0741 tCO2/GJNaphtha 0.0733 tCO2/GJ

Net Calorific Value NCVFurnace oil 41 GJ/tGas, diesel 44 GJ/tNaphtha 45.6 GJ/t

Heat Medium Enthalpy Hout HinEnthalpy of 100 2.675 0.419

Electricity production and heat production efficiency before project RE,FF

Conservative default 100%

CO2 emission factorCultivation APEcul,y 0 tCO2/tEmission factor for grid connected power EFCO2,grid 0.716 tCO2/MWhTransportation APEtrans,y 0.049 tCO2/t

Other valuesConversion factor CF 3.6 MWh/GJLatent heat of water h 2.512 GJ/tProportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition H 6%Coefficient of the proportion of project CO2 emissionfrom power and fossil fuel consumption for biomasspretreatment and auxiliary use in the system in year y

COEF 20% %

[List of Default Specific Values]Heat Medium Enthalpy Hout HinMost conservative value in operation range


I-39

Calculation method 1-2: Calculation from Output Energy_Specific values


2. Calculations for reference emissionsReference emissions 0 tCO2/y REy

Grid connected electricity consumption in referencescenario

0 MWh/y ELRE_grid

Emission factor for grid connected power 0.716 tCO2/MWh EFCO2,grid

Electricity production and consumption on site inreference scenario

0 MWh/y ELRE_FF

Conversion factor 3.6 MWh/GJ CFEmission factor for fossil fuel Furnace oil 0.0774 tCO2/GJ EFCO2,FF

Electricity production and heat production efficiencybefore project(Electricity production and heat productioncombined efficiency before project for CGS)

100% RE,FF

Heat medium enthalpy at outlet of heat productionequipment

0.0 GJ/t hout

Heat medium enthalpy at inlet of heat productionequipment 0.0 GJ/t hin

Heat medium amount 0 t/y FPJ, thermal


Amount of biomass used as fuel in the project in year y 0 t/y QBioj,y

Average distance biomass transported in year y 54 km DAFj,y

Fossil fuel consumption of biomass pretreatment andutilization in year y

0 t/y FFQpret,y

Grid connected electricity consumption for biomasspretreatment and utilization

0 MWh ELpret-grid,y

Fossil fuel consumption for auxiliary purpose in year y Furnace oil 0 t/y FFQPJ,Aux,y

Grid connected electricity consumption for auxiliarypurpose in year y

0 MWh/y EQ PJ,Aux_grid,y

Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y 0 tCO2/t APEcul,y

Net Calorific Value of fossil fuel Furnace oil 41 GJ/t NCVFFi,y

Emission factor for fossil fuel Light vehicle 0.000245 tCO2/t/km EFCO2,trans,l,y

Emission factor for fossil fuel Furnace oil 0.0774 tCO2/GJ EFCO2,FF

Emission factor for grid connected power 0.716 tCO2/MwWh EFCO2,grid



Net Calorific Value NCVFF,Aux

Furnace oil 41 GJ/tGas, diesel 44 GJ/tNaphtha 45.6 GJ/t



Other emission factorsCultivation APEcul,y 0 tCO2/tEmission factor for grid connected power EFCO2,grid 0.716 tCO2/MWhDefault CO2 emission factor for freight transportation(light vehicles) EFCO2,trans 0.000245 tCO2/t/km

Default CO2 emission factor for freight transportation(heavy vehicles)

EFCO2,trans 0.000129 tCO2/t/km

Other valuesConversion factor CF 3.6 MWh/GJ

[List of Default Specific Values]Average distance biomass transported in year y (DAFj,y ) DAFj,y 54 km


I-40

Calculation method 2-1: Calculation from Input Biomass Onsite_Default values



Amount of biomass used as fuel in the project in year y 0 t/y Qbio,w et,1y



100% RE,FF

Efficiency of biomass power generation system (project) 0% Bio,EL

Biomass boiler efficiency (project) 58% Bio,thermal

Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base) 19 GJ/t GCVbio,dry

Water content 34% wLatent heat of water 2.512 GJ/t hProportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition 6% H

Emission factor for grid connected power 0.716 EFCO2,grid EFCO2,grid


Amount of biomass used as fuel in the project in year y 0 t/y Qbio,w et,i,y

Fossil fuel consumption for co-firing in year y 0 t/y FFQPJ,cofire,y



Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y 0.00 tCO2/y APEcul,y

Project CO2 emission from biomass transportation in year y Diesel 0.049 tCO2/y APEtrans,y

Proportion of project CO2 emission from power and fossil fuelconsumption for biomass pretreatment and auxiliary use in thesystem in year y

20% % COEF







CO2 emission factor by processCultivation APEcul,y 0 tCO2/tEmission factor for grid connected power EFCO2,grid 0.716 tCO2/MWhTransportation APEtrans,y 0.049 tCO2/t

Other valuesConversion factor CF 3.6 MWh/GJLatent heat of water h 2.512 GJ/tProportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition H 6%Coefficient of the proportion of project CO2 emissionfrom power and fossil fuel consumption for biomasspretreatment and auxiliary use in the system in year y

COEF 20% %

Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base) GCVbio,dry 19 GJ/t

[List of Default Specific Values]Efficiency of biomass power generation system (project) Correction factor PJ,Bio,EL

Measured value 0% 80% 0%Catalogue value 80% 0%

Biomass Boiler Efficiency (project) Correction factor PJ,Bio,thermal


Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base) GCVbio,dry GJ/tWater content of biomass w 34%


I-41

Calculation method 2-2: Calculation from Input Biomass Onsite_Specific values



Amount of biomass used as fuel in the project in year y 0 t/y Qbio,w et,y



100% RE,FF









Fossil fuel consumption of biomass pretreatment andutilization in year y 0 t/y FFQpret,y

Grid connected electricity consumption for biomasspretreatment and utilization

0 MWh ELpret-grid,y


Grid connected electricity consumption for auxiliarypurpose in year y 0 MWh/y EQ PJ,Aux_grid,y









Electricity production and heat production efficiencybefore project

RE,FF


CO2 emission factorCultivation APEcul,y 0 tCO2/tEmission factor for grid connected power EFCO2,grid 0.716 tCO2/MWhDefault CO2 emission factor for freight transportation(light vehicles)


Default CO2 emission factor for freight transportation(heavy vehicles) EFCO2,trans 0.000129 tCO2/t/km

Other valuesConversion factor CF 3.6 MWh/GJLatent heat of water h 2.512 GJ/tProportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition H 6%





Average distance biomass transported in year y DAFj,y 54 kmPer unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base) GCVbio,dry 19 GJ/tWater content w 34%


I-42

Calculation method 3-1: Calculation from Input Biomass_Grid Supply_Default values






100% RE,FF






3. Calculations of the project emissions

Project emissions 0 tCO2/y PEy

Amount of biomass used as fuel in the project in year y 0 t/y Qbio,w et,i,y

Fossil fuel consumption for cofiring in year y 0 t/y FFQPJ,cofire,y


Project CO2 emission from biomass cultivation in year y 0.00 tCO2/t APEcul,y

Project CO2 emission from biomass transportation in year y Diesel 0.049 tCO2/t APEtrans,y

Proportion of project CO2 emission from energy consumption forbiomass pretreatment and operating the system in year y 30% Rate,PJ,EL,y







CO2 emission factor by processEmission factor for grid connected power EFCO2,grid 0.716 tCO2/MWhCultivation APEcul,y 0 tCO2/t

Transportation APEtrans,y 0.049 tCO2/t

Other valuesConversion factor CF 3.6 MWh/GJLatent heat of water h 2.512 GJ/tProportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition H 6%Proportion of project CO2 emission from energyconsumption for biomass pretreatment and operating thesystem in year y

Rate,PJ,EL,y 20%





Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base) GCVbio,dry 19 GJ/tWater content w 34%


I-43

Calculation method 3-2: Calculation from Input Biomass_Grid Supply_Specific values


2. Calculations for reference emissions

Reference emissions 0 tCO2/y REy


Emission factor for fossil fuel Furnace oil 0.0774 tCO2/GJ EFCO2,FFElectricity production and heat production efficiency beforeproject(Electricity production and heat production combinedefficiency before project for CGS)

100% RE,FF

Efficiency of biomass power generation system (project) 0% Bio,ELBiomass boiler efficiency (project) 58% Bio,thermal

Per unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base) 19 GJ/t GCVbio,dryWater content 34% wLatent heat of water 2.512 GJ/t hProportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition 6% H





Fossil fuel consumption of biomass pretreatment and utilizationin year y 0 t/y FFQpret,y

Grid connected electricity consumption for biomasspretreatment and utilization 0 MWh ELpret-grid,y


Grid connected electricity consumption for auxiliary purpose inyear y 0 MWh/y EQ PJ,Aux_grid,y










Most conservative 100%

CO2 emission factor by processCultivation APEcul,y 0 tCO2/tEmission factor for grid connected power EFCO2,grid 0.716 tCO2/MWhDefault CO2 emission factor for freight transportation(light vehicles)


Default CO2 emission factor for freight transportation(heavy vehicles)


Other valuesConversion factor CF 3.6 MWh/GJLatent heat of water h 2.512 GJ/tProportion of hydrogen at absolute dry condition H 6%Proportion of project CO2 emission from energyconsumption for biomass pretreatment and operating thesystem in year y

Rate,PJ,EL,y 30%





Average distance biomass transported in year y DAFj,y 54 kmMeasured CO2 emission factor for freight transportation EFCO2,trans 0.0000712 tCO2/t/kmPer unit of gross calorific value of biogas fuel(dry base) GCVbio,dry 19 GJ/tWater content w 34%

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