MRS Tissue Engineering

7/26/2019 MRS Tissue Engineering

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TISSUE ENGINEERING

Soft Tissue Biomaterials

Alyssa Panitch

Harrington Department of Bioengineering

Ariona State Uni!ersity


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Soft Tissue Engineering

" Biology an# materials

" Historical perspecti!e

" Proteins$ polysacchari#es$ cells an#tissues

" E%amples of &iologically interacti!e

&iomaterials


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'hat Issues Nee# to Be

(onsi#ere#)

" Ho* #oes the &o#y respon# to the

material)

+ ,olecular le!el

+ (ellular le!el

" Surface features-chemistry matter

Protein

A#sorption

.ree .rom

.ouling

.ree .rom

.ouling

(ell

A#hesion


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'hat Issues Nee# to Be

(onsi#ere#)" Ho* #oes the material respon# to the

&o#y)

+ Surface rearrangement

+ Erosion+ Degra#ation

+ (hemical an# mechanical failure

Bo#y

.lui#

Bo#y

.lui#

Bo#y

.lui#

Bo#y

.lui#


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" Silicone Ru&&er (atheters$ tu&ing" Dacron /ascular Grafts

" Teflon (atherters$ /ascular Grafts

" P,,A Intraoccular 0enses$ Bone(ement

" Polyurethanes (atheters$ Pace ,a1ers

" (ar&on Heart /al!es

" Stainless Steel 2rthope#ic De!ices" Titanium 2rthope#ic De!ices$ Dental

" Hy#ro%y Apatite 2rthope#ic De!ices

" (ollagen Burns$ Sponges

Historical Perspecti!e

(urrently Use# Biomaterials

Ratner$ 3B,R$ 27$ 4556


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'here7s the Engineering)

" Tra#itionally$ the &o#y respon#s to all

materials the same *ay

+ Recognie# as non8self an# *alle# off

+ No longer a&le to interact *ith the &o#y to

in#uce tissue regeneration

+ ,ay act as mechanical support or structural

replacement


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Protein A#sorption

" Plasma (ontains o!er 9:: #ifferent

proteins

"/roman effect + #ifferent proteinsa#sor&e# to surface o!er time

t ; < mint ; 4:s t ; 6: min


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Proteins an# Interfaces

" /roman an# A#ams loo1e# at proteina#sorption from plasma on Ge$ Pt$ Si$ Ta

" 'ithin 4:s of e%posure => nm thic1 layer

of fi&rinogen forme#" 'ithin >:s layer *as less uniform$ =49? mm in #iameterC *or1 *ell

" An# P0GA has &een use# to create an

accepta&le s1in su&stitute an# as a

controlle# release !ehicle

" PGA is use# for #egra#a&le sutures

" Polyanhy#ri#es are use# for release of

chemotherapeutic agents


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Ho* #o *e #esign a material for

tissue engineering)

" 'ith that sai#

+ Do *e attempt to incorporate more &iology)

" 'e7ll see e%cellent e%amples of continue# use of

P0GA in the follo*ing tal1s

+ Do *e #esign a scaffol# that mimics that of a

healthy form of the tissue to &e replace#)

+ 2r #o *e loo1 to #e!elopment)


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Incorporation of &iological signals

0igan# - 2rigin Acti!ity

SIJ/A/ - 0aminin Angiogenesis$ Ner!e regeneration

LIGSR - 0aminin Angiogenesis$ Ner!e Regeneration

RGDS - U&iFuitous (ell A#hesion

RED/ - .i&ronectin (ell A#hesion

.HRRIJA - BSPM Heparin &in#ing

MBSP ; Bone Sialoprotein


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Biology is Selecti!e an# Precise

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2rientation of ligan# is critical for cella#hesion an# &iological function

,assia an# Hu&&ell$ 3B,R$ 4554$ 9


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Biology is Selecti!e an# Precise

" Density of signal is important for function

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,assia an# Hu&&ell$ 3? (ell Biol$ 4554$ 44@4:5844::


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Degra#a&le ,aterials

" Polylacti#e$ polyglycoli#e$ etc? are

hy#rolytically #egra#a&le

+ (opolymers of !arying monomer ratios

#egra#e at #ifferent rates

" Polyanhy#ri#es also #egra#e hy#rolytically


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Hy#rogels

" ,aterials that are compose# of hy#rophilic$ cross8lin1e# polymer chains+ Ha!e e%tremely high *ater content often K5:C

+ Physicochemical properties can &e tailore#

" (losely mimic mechanical properties of soft tissue+ (an &e mo#ulate# for specific tissue or application

" ,ay &e polymerie# into any #esire# geometry

+ (an e!en &e gelle#in situ

" ,ay &e compose# of #egra#a&le or non8#egra#a&le polymers


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Some UniFue Attri&utes of

Hy#rogels" High *ater content permits free #iffusion of

cellular nutrients an# *aste pro#ucts

" In situpolymeriation possi&le

+ .acilitates localie# #eli!ery of the material+ Gel conforms to the geometry of the *oun# or #efect

" ,echanisms of polymeriation allo*incorporation of &ioacti!e signals or

&ioresponsi!e #omains+ (ellular gro*th or gui#ance cues

+ Enymatic #egra#ation #omains


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J?T? Nguyen$ 3?0? 'est$ Biomaterials 969::9C @6:

Hy#rogels in Tissue Engineering

" Interfacial &arrier systems+ ,aterial pro!i#es physical &arrier &et*een

target tissue an# other tissue or e%ternal

en!ironment" 'oun# healing applications #ermal sealants$ etc?C

+ ,itigates post8operati!e a#hesion *oun#s

+ (an pre!ent throm&osis an# restenosis

su&seFuent to a !ascular inury" ,aterials can &e highly resistant to protein

#eposition an# platelet a#hesion


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" Drug #eli!ery systems

+Act as localie# #rug seFuestration #epots

+ Release 1inetics can &e controlle# !ia

physicochemical properties of the polymer" (ross8lin1 #ensity Opore sieC

" Degra#ation rate of matri%

+ Density of #egra#a&le #omains-chains

+ In situpolymeriation pro!i#es #irecte#

therapy precisely to target area


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" (ell encapsulation systems

+ (ells are inclu#e# in pre8polymeriation

solution an# the material is gelle# aroun#

them+ Pro!i#es immunoisolation

+ Gels are permea&le to nutrients an# *aste

pro#ucts+ Thus$ cells are allo*e# to function normally

*hile protecte# from host immune system


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" Tissue scaffol# systems+ ,aterial acts a physical frame*or1 for cell

attachment an# proliferation

+ ,echanical properties may &e customie# forthe nati!e !alues for a particular tissue

+ (an &e forme# into any geometry

+ Scaffol#s can &e see#e# *ith cells an# pre8

culture# prior to implantation+ Degra#a&le systems allo* integration of

ne*ly forme# nati!e tissue

Bi ti H # l E l


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R?H? Schme#len et al?$ Biomaterials 969::9C @69

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