Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: _________________________AICE Marine – Unit 6 Test Questions/ Study Guide

1. Fig. 1.1 shows three types of tectonic plate boundary, A, B and C.

(a) Draw one arrow on the surface of each plate to show the movement of the plates at each boundary.

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(b) Name or describe the type of tectonic plate boundary at which the following are formed.

mid-ocean ridges _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ocean trenches ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

volcanoes ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(c) Movements at tectonic plate boundaries can create deep cracks in the sea bed.Explain how hydrothermal vents form in these areas.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [5]

2. (a) Explain why rocky shores support a greater number of species than sandy shores.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [4]

Fig. 6.1 shows part of a mangrove forest.

(b) Suggest how mangroves help to reduce erosion of the coast.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(c) The world total area of mangrove forest has fallen from 18.8 million hectares in 1980 to15.2 million hectares in 2005. Suggest three reasons for this fall.

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: _________________________

3. (a) Outline the evidence in support of the theory of plate tectonics.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(b) Explain how tectonic processes give rise to the formation of each of the following.

ocean trenches _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

mid-ocean ridges _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

tsunamis _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(c) Describe the physical and chemical environmental factors associated with hydrothermal vents that affect the living organisms in these marine environments.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [5]

4. (a) Outline the theory of plate tectonics.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [4]

(b) State three pieces of evidence for the theory of plate tectonics.1.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(c) Explain how tectonic processes can result in the formation of each of the following:

underwater volcanoes _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

underwater earthquakes _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

5. Table 1.1 shows the range of particle sizes found on two different types of shore.

(a) Compare the particle sizes of the sandy shore and the muddy shore._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(b) Explain how the process of sedimentation gives rise to a muddy shore.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

6. (a) Describe the type of habitat in which mangroves grow._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

Fig. 5.1 shows two groups of mangrove trees.

(b) Suggest how the structures labelled A and B adapt mangroves to their habitat.A

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

B_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

Fig. 5.2 shows the changes in the area of mangrove cover in five parts of the world.

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: _________________________(c) Use Fig. 5.2 to find the area of mangrove cover in Africa in 2000.

____________________________________________________________________________________ [1](d) Between 1980 and 2000 the area of mangrove cover decreased in most parts of the world.

Using Fig. 5.2, state the part of the world in which this decrease was the greatest.

____________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(e) Suggest two possible reasons for the decrease.1.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

7. (a) Tick three boxes which show evidence for the theory of plate tectonics. [2]

(b) Explain how each of the following are formed.

mid-ocean ridges _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

hydrothermal vents ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

8. (a) Describe the theory of plate tectonics._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [4]

(b) Tectonic processes lead to the formation of mid-ocean ridges, tsunamis and abyssal plains.Describe each of these features and explain how they are formed by tectonic processes.

mid-ocean ridges _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

tsunamis _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

abyssal plains _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(c) Explain why water coming from hydrothermal vents is hot and rich in minerals.

hot _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

rich in minerals_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

9. (a) State what is meant by a tsunami._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

(b) State one cause of a tsunami._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: _________________________

Table 6.1 shows the relationship between water depth and wave speed during a tsunami.

(c) Plot the data in Table 6.1 on the grid. Draw a line of best fit through the points. [4]

(d) Use your graph to find the wave speed at a water depth of 175 metres.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(e) Use the data in the graph to describe what happens as a tsunami wave gets closer to a shore.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(f) Use the data in Table 6.1 to predict how the wave height changes as the water depth decreases.

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: _________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(g) Suggest two possible effects of a tsunami.1

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

10. Fig. 5.1 shows a section through a black smoker chimney.

Large bacterial and animal communities have been observed close to these black smokers but no plants are found.

(a) Explain this observation._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(b) Describe the processes taking place at the sites labelled 1 to 4 on Fig. 5.1 and how these lead to the formation of the chimney._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [4]

Name: ___________________________________ Per.________ Date: _________________________

Fig. 5.2 shows the relative temperature of seawater close to a hydrothermal vent.Continue the line to show how the temperature of the seawater changes as it passes over the hydrothermal vent.

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