Mrs. Page ESS 2015-2016 Influence on Evolution & Biodiversity.
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Transcript of Mrs. Page ESS 2015-2016 Influence on Evolution & Biodiversity.
![Page 1: Mrs. Page ESS 2015-2016 Influence on Evolution & Biodiversity.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56649ec15503460f94bcca67/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PLATE TECTONICSMrs. Page
ESS 2015-2016
Influence on Evolution & Biodiversity
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ASSESSMENT STATEMENT:Explain how plate activity has influenced evolution and biodiversity. Speciation through physical barriers Consequences of isolation for evolution Role of activity in generating new and diverse habitats (increasing biodiversity)
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EARTH’S INTERIOR• Earth’s Crust sits on top of a convecting mantle
• The upper mantle (asthenosphere) is moving do to convection currents.
• This movement of the mantle causes Earth’s crust to move over time resulting in many of the landforms and geographic events that occur on Earth.
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THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
Earth’s crust is broken into large pieces called plates
Plates move over time creating many landforms & geologic events such as earthquakes and volcanoes
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EARTH THROUGH HISTORY Because Earth’s plates are moving, the
continents have not always been in their present location.
Pangaea – large supercontinent
As continents move apart – physical isolation may occur
Geologic events – volcanoes & earthquakes can bring about loss of habitat and potential loss of species
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HISTORY OF MASS EXTINCTIONS Throughout history
there has been several periods of mass extinctions
One theory: Possible large volcanic eruptions blocking sunlight & destroying habitats.
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TYPES OF PLATE MOVEMENTSConvergent: pushed togetherDivergent: moving apartTransform: sliding pastWhat happens at plate boundaries can be constructive: building new land (ie: habitats) or destructive; destroying land
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CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES (COLLIDING)3 Scenarios:
2 Continents Collide = folded mountains
Could lead to isolation – mountain range separates a population
Creates new habitatBoth constructive (building mountain) and destructive (one plate subducting)
Himalayas
Rocky Mountains
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CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES (COLLIDING) 2 Oceanic Plates
Collide More dense plate subducts
Deep sea trench Oceanic Islands New Land formation = new habitat
Aleutian Island Arc: Possibility of future land bridge?? Affect on evolution & biodiversity?
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CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES (COLLIDING)1 Continental & 1
Oceanic Plate Collide Oceanic trench off coastline (oceanic plate subducts)
Coastal Volcanic Mountain Range
Cascade Mountain Range – west coast USA Pictured: Mt. St. Helens
Potential mass extinction caused by large volcanic eruptions
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DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES (MOVE APART)
Oceanic-oceanicSea floor spreading
Mid Ocean Ridge
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DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES (MOVE APART)
Continental-continental
Rift ValleyGeographic Isolation?
African Rift Valley
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TRANSFORM BOUNDARIESPlates slide past with friction
EARTHQUAKE ZONES
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APPLYExplain how plate tectonics has influenced evolution and biodiversity. Give specific examples.