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Mrs. Freeman Notes 2014-2015 Development of Communication and Trade Networks

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Geography determined what was exchanged, where it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged.

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Geography determined what was exchanged, where it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged. Climate & Topography Location of valuable minerals, types of plants that can be grown, existence of seaports, mountain passes & oases Merchants needed to transport these goods with relative safety across regions

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Geography determined what was exchanged, where it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged. Climate & Topography Location of valuable minerals, types of plants that can be grown, existence of seaports, mountain passes & oases Merchants needed to transport these goods with relative safety across regions The Want for Goods SALT http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of- us/videos/salt http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of- us/videos/salt Great treks necessary for big payoffs Visualize the Afro-Eurasia trade network SILK

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia The Silk Roads

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia The Silk Roads Most extensive of land-based trade routes Named for highly valued silk traded REMEMBER for centuries only China knew how to make silk

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia The Silk Roads Most extensive of land-based trade routes Named for highly valued silk traded REMEMBER for centuries only China knew how to make silk OTHER ITEMS ALSO TRADED From East Asia to points west: horses, furs, ivory, perfumes, furniture, rice, wool, tea From South Asia to points east and west: cotton, spices, rice From Central Asia to points east, west, south: dates, almonds, fruit, camels, horses From points west to the east and south: glass, gold, furs, cattle, olive oil http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of- us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-the-silk-road http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of- us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-the-silk-road

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new regions. The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from below ground to surface in arid regions. Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other regions particularly Southwest Asia.

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new regions. The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from below ground to surface in arid regions. Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other regions particularly Southwest Asia. Buddhism

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new regions. The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from below ground to surface in arid regions. Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other regions particularly Southwest Asia. Buddhism Disease Han Dynasty

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Sahara Caravan Routes Commerce across North Africa Coastal cities of Mediterranean rich in vegetation and resources Dates, cotton, dyes, glass, leather goods supplied from these cities South of the rim of the Mediterranean is Sahara Desert merchants exchanged above items for gold, salt, ivory and animal hides connecting into Silk Road

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Sahara Caravan Routes Commerce across North Africa Coastal cities of Mediterranean rich in vegetation and resources Dates, cotton, dyes, glass, leather goods supplied from these cities South of the rim of the Mediterranean is Sahara Desert merchants exchanged above items for gold, salt, ivory and animal hides connecting into Silk Road CAMEL introduced as a means for transporting goods Islam (600- 1450) carried into trans-Saharan region along trade routes

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Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia North-South Eurasian Routes Directly connected to Silk Roads were more networks of trade routes that run North, South, and linked Central Asia to South and Southwest Asia Routes connected to the edges of Baltic Sea in Europe, involving Russia and the Black Sea trade connections Constantinople was key center linking these exchanges.

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THESIS PRACTICE Analyze the changes and continuities in the Indian Ocean region from 500 B.C.E. to 1400 C.E. Discuss economic, cultural and demographic factors. Using 500 B.C.E. as a starting point, include examples of at least three of the following regions: South, Southeast and East Asia; the Middle East and East Africa. Go to PollEv.com/jessicafreeman and enter your thesis statement.PollEv.com/jessicafreeman

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Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Indian Ocean Trading Network Largest trading area in the world prior to Europeans crossing the Atlantic Connected Southeast Asia and China to Africa, Middle East & South Asia Major conveyor of Buddhism from South Asia into East and Southeast Asia Major conveyor of Islam from Middle East Similar items traded on Silk Roads traded on Indian Ocean

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Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Indian Ocean Trading Network Sea depended upon ocean currents and winds Monsoon winds blow along East African coast toward South Asia in summer and down East African coast in winter HELPED MERCHANTS PLAN SHIPMENTS Trading ships used by Arab merchants called dhows

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Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Mediterranean Trading Areas vast & long lasting Olives, pottery, glass, woodwork, leather, wool, textiles Out of Africa, merchants traded gold, ivory, salt, copper and slaves Christianity was carried into eastern and western Europe and Africa by foot but especially by boats

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Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia Black Sea Trading Areas Constantinople major exchange point Merchants carried goods from Silk Roads, Mediterranean and Russia 600-1450, merchants carried bubonic plague into western Europe

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Exchanging Goods in the Americas Much smaller scale than in Afro-Eurasia

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Exchanging Goods in the Americas Much smaller scale than in Afro-Eurasia Fewer people Fewer large domesticated animals Wheel not developed for transportation until Europeans arrived Llama and alpaca were used as pack animals in the Andes Dogs pulled sleds Isthmus of Panama made trade difficult from South America in Central and North America

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Exchanging Goods in the Americas Despite limitations still evidence of exchanges of plants, manufactured goods and clothing Exchanges made in relay fashion not necessarily merchants American maize first developed in Mesoamerica spread to regions north and south along trade connections Areas with most trade activity= Maya & Teotihuacan; Moche