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62
1 EOC Review U.S. History Name:__________________ West Meck HS
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1
EOC Review
U.S. History
Name:__________________ West Meck HS
Goal 1 – The New Nation
Following the constitution only as it is written. Gives the state governments more power
“Read between the lines” when following the constitution. Gives the federal government more power
Established the court system
“Hands-off” government; little government regulation or involvement in business
Whisky producers refused to pay increased taxes; federal government sent in troops; showed the power of the federal
government
Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed in a strict interpretation of the constitution, strong state power, had more support from the
southern states
Led by Alexander Hamilton, believed in a loose interpretation of the constitution, more federal power, had more support from
the northern states
Nationalistic economic plan focused on a national bank, reducing debt, taxes, creating a mint, and manufacturing
Increased the time an immigrant must reside in the US before he/she could become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; prison & fines
for speaking out against the government
Response to the Alien & Sedition Acts; showed the power of the states over the federal government
Jefferson beats incumbent Adams; Adams pushes through the “midnight judges” – last minute court appointments
Established the supreme court’s right of judicial review, to decide whether or not something is constitutional
Chief justice of the supreme court for over 30 years, in which time he increased the power of the federal government greatly
through his decisions.
Large land purchase made by Jefferson for $15 million from France; doubled the size of the United States
United States gained a large portion of land (now Ohio) from Native Americans
Wife of John Adams; supporter of women’s rights; famous for a letter to her husband in which she asked him to “...remember
the ladies… Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands… (we) will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation”
President Washington declared the U.S. neutral in the conflict between Great Britain and France (French Revolution)
U.S. treaty with Great Britain in which the British agreed to leave their forts and trade was encouraged between the two nations
U.S. treaty with Spain which gave the U.S. access to the Mississippi River and Port of New Orleans for trade; set the northern
border of Florida
U.S. treaty with Spain; Spain ceded Florida to the United States
Warned against forming political parties and creating permanent foreign alliances
French officials demanded a bribe from the U.S. in order for U.S. officials to be able to meet with the French foreign minister;
led to anti-French feelings in the U.S.
U.S. stopped trade with European nations because of impressment of U.S. sailors; failed because it hurt the U.S. economy
Senators from the South and West of the U.S. who pushed for War with Britain due to issues such as impressment and Native
American relations with the British
War between U.S. & Great Britain over issues such as impressment, war hawks, and Native American relations with the British
Ended the War of 1812; no distinct winner, but could be considered a moral victory for the U.S. – “Second war for independ-
ence”; established a restoration of pre-war status quo
Battle which occurred two weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent; insignificant to the outcome of the War of 1812, but
made Andrew Jackson a war hero
2
3
Federalists Democratic-Republicans
Led by Alexander Hamilton
Federal government should have more power
Believed that there should be a national bank
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Most support was in the south, from agriculture
Supported the French
Event When? Who was
involved? Description Impact
Washington’s
Proclamation of
Neutrality 1793
France &
Britain
Pinckney’s
Treaty 1795 Spain
Jay’s Treaty 1795 Britain
Washington’s
Farewell
Address 1796 alliances
XYZ Affair 1797 France
Louisiana
Purchase 1803 France
Embargo Act of
1807 1807 Europe
War of 1812 1812-
1815 Britain
Treaty of
Ghent 1814 Britain
Adams-Onis
Treaty 1819 Spain
Foreign Policy & Relations in the Federalist Era
Directions: Fill in any blank areas with the appropriate information.
4
• W
ha
t w
as
the
imp
act
of
the
ma
jor
do
mes
tic
issu
es a
nd
co
nfl
icts
exp
erie
nce
d b
y th
e
na
tio
n d
uri
ng
th
e F
eder
ali
st E
ra?
• H
ow
did
th
e U
.S. g
ove
rnm
ent
emer
ge
ou
t o
f co
mp
etin
g p
roce
sses
of
con
flic
t a
nd
com
pro
mis
e?
• H
ow
did
th
e F
eder
ali
st P
erio
d c
on
trib
ute
to
th
e lo
ng
-sta
nd
ing
deb
ate
in
Am
eric
a
ab
ou
t th
e ro
le o
f go
vern
men
t a
nd
th
e d
istr
ibu
tio
n o
f po
wer
?
• H
ow
is
the
U.S
. C
on
stit
uti
on
a d
ocu
men
t su
bje
ct t
o c
ha
ng
e a
nd
in
terp
reta
tio
n?
Ha
mil
ton
S
ecre
tary
of
Tre
asury
un
der
Pre
siden
t G
eorg
e W
ashin
gto
n
A
Fed
erali
st w
ho s
up
port
ed a
str
on
g n
atio
nal
gover
nm
ent.
H
ad a
loose
in
terp
reta
tio
n o
f th
e co
nst
itu
tio
n, m
eanin
g t
hat
the
feder
al
go
vern
men
t sh
ould
be
ab
le t
o i
nte
rpre
t th
e co
nst
ituti
on
, w
hic
h g
ave
the
fed
eral
gover
nm
ent
mo
re p
ow
er.
M
ade
an E
con
om
ic P
lan
to
make
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes
stro
nger
, w
hic
h
incl
uded
a n
atio
nal
ban
k.
S
up
port
ed b
y b
usi
nes
ses
and
th
e w
ealt
hy, p
rim
aril
y i
n t
he
nort
hea
st.
S
up
port
ed t
he
Bri
tish
.
Jef
fers
on
S
ecre
tary
of
Sta
te u
nd
er P
resi
den
t G
eorg
e W
ashin
gto
n
A
Dem
ocr
ati
c-R
epu
bli
can
wh
o s
up
port
ed s
trong s
tate
gover
nm
ents
.
H
ad a
str
ict
inte
rpre
tati
on
of
the
con
stit
uti
on
, m
eanin
g h
e bel
ieved
that
on
ly w
hat
was
wri
tten
in t
he
con
stit
uti
on s
ho
uld
be
all
ow
ed.
This
lim
ited
the
pow
er o
f th
e fe
der
al g
over
nm
ent
and
gav
e th
e st
ate
s m
ore
pow
er.
A
rgued
that
Ham
ilto
n’s
Eco
no
mic
Pla
n w
as u
nco
nst
ituti
onal
.
S
up
port
ed b
y f
arm
ers
and
th
e “c
om
mo
n m
an,”
pri
mar
ily i
n t
he
south
.
E
lect
ion
of
1800
- J
effe
rson
an
d B
urr
get
th
e sa
me
num
ber
of
vote
s –
Jeff
erso
n w
ins.
M
ade
the
Lou
isia
na
Pu
rch
ase
, n
earl
y d
ou
bli
ng t
he
size
of
the
Unit
ed
Sta
tes.
S
up
port
ed t
he
Fre
nch
Ju
dic
ial
Syst
em
J
ud
icia
ry A
ct o
f 1789 -
sta
rted
the
Judic
ial
bra
nch
of
the
US
go
ver
nm
ent.
C
reat
ed t
he
Supre
me
Co
urt
S
tate
court
s co
uld
ap
pea
l to
fed
eral
co
urt
s w
hen
co
nst
itu
tion
al i
ssu
es
wer
e in
volv
ed.
J
ud
icia
ry A
ct o
f 1801
O
n J
ohn A
dam
s’ l
ast
day
as
pre
siden
t, h
e p
ush
ed t
hro
ugh
th
e
“mid
nig
ht
jud
ges
” – l
ast
min
ute
ap
poin
tmen
ts t
o t
he
Su
pre
me
Co
urt
.
Som
e of
the
appoin
tmen
ts w
ere
not
del
iver
ed a
nd
Jef
fers
on (
the
new
pre
siden
t) s
aid t
hey
wer
e no
t val
id.
T
he
Supre
me
Court
cas
e M
arb
ury
v.
Ma
dis
on
, le
d b
y C
hie
f Ju
stic
e
John M
arsh
all
rule
d t
hat
the
court
co
uld
ab
oli
sh l
egis
lati
ve
acts
by
dec
lari
ng t
hem
unco
nst
itu
tio
nal
– t
his
est
ab
lish
ed j
ud
icia
l re
vie
w.
J
oh
n M
ars
hall
– C
hie
f Ju
stic
e o
f th
e S
up
rem
e C
ou
rt (
18
01
-18
35
) w
ho
stre
ngth
ened
the
Fed
eral
go
ver
nm
ent.
Fed
eral
Pow
er v
. S
tate
Pow
er
F
eder
al
Pow
er
W
his
key
Reb
elli
on
– a
tax
was
pu
t o
n t
he
man
ufa
cturi
ng o
f w
his
key
.
Far
mer
s re
fuse
d t
o p
ay a
nd
th
e fe
der
al g
over
nm
ent
sen
t in
tro
ops
to
enfo
rce
the
law
A
lien
& S
edit
ion
Act
s –
lim
ited
th
e ri
gh
ts o
f fr
eed
om
of
spee
ch a
nd
imm
igra
tion.
M
arb
ury
v.
Madis
on
(C
hie
f Ju
stic
e Jo
hn M
arsh
all)
S
tate
s R
igh
ts
V
irgin
ia &
Ken
tuck
y R
eso
luti
on
s – a
res
pon
se t
o t
he
Ali
en a
nd
Sed
itio
n A
cts
whic
h s
aid
that
sta
tes
could
ign
ore
an
y a
ct o
f co
ngre
ss
they
consi
der
ed u
nco
nst
ituti
on
al.
1.0
1 -
Majo
r d
om
est
ic i
ssu
es a
nd
co
nfl
icts
exp
erie
nce
d b
y t
he
na
tio
n
GO
AL
1 -
TH
E N
EW
NA
TIO
N (
1789
-1820)
5
H
ow
did
th
e d
istr
ibu
tio
n o
f po
liti
cal
an
d e
cono
mic
po
wer
ref
lect
th
e so
cia
l st
ruct
ure
an
d g
eog
rap
hic
div
ersi
ty o
f th
e F
eder
ali
st E
ra?
H
ow
eff
ecti
ve w
ere
the
po
liti
cal,
so
cia
l, a
nd
eco
no
mic
in
stit
uti
on
s of
the
emer
gin
g
rep
ub
lic
in c
rea
tin
g a
dem
ocr
ati
c fo
un
da
tio
n f
or
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes?
H
ow
ca
n i
nd
ivid
ua
l ri
gh
ts a
nd t
he
go
vern
men
t’s
view
of
the
“co
mm
on
goo
d”
cre
ate
con
flic
t o
r st
ab
ilit
y?
Wom
en
C
ould
not
ow
n p
roper
ty o
r vote
and t
hey
had
ver
y f
ew r
ole
s/jo
bs
outs
ide
the
hom
e.
F
orm
ed c
lubs
(rea
din
g g
roups,
churc
h o
rgan
izat
ions,
tem
per
ance
gro
ups,
anti
slav
ery g
roups,
soci
al w
elfa
re.)
A
big
ail
Ad
am
s (w
ife
of
Pre
siden
t Jo
hn A
dam
s) w
as a
wom
en’s
advoca
te w
ho o
nce
wro
te h
er h
usb
and a
skin
g h
im t
o “
rem
ember
the
ladie
s…”
Sla
ves
S
laver
y w
as a
reg
ional
inst
ituti
on -
Ther
e w
as e
man
cipat
ion i
n t
he
nort
h, but
opport
unit
ies
wer
e li
mit
ed f
or
Afr
ican
Am
eric
ans
T
he
inven
tion o
f th
e co
tton
gin
by E
li W
hit
ney
incr
ease
d t
he
nee
d f
or
slav
es i
n t
he
south
.
1
808 –
Sla
ve
trad
e w
as o
utl
awed
.
T
hom
as J
effe
rson b
elie
ved
sla
ver
y w
as a
“n
eces
sary
evil
” – h
e th
ought
it w
as m
ora
lly w
rong, but
econom
ical
ly n
eces
sary
for
the
south
.
Nati
ve
Am
eric
an
s
T
he
gen
eral
poli
cy o
f th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s w
as t
o f
orc
ibly
rem
ove
them
from
thei
r la
nds
and p
ush
them
wes
t.
T
ecu
mse
h –
a N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
who u
nit
ed m
any t
ribes
in t
hei
r ef
fort
s
to s
tay s
trong. H
e si
des
wit
h B
rita
in i
n t
he
War
of
1812.
W
estw
ard e
xpan
sion h
urt
the
Nat
ive
Am
eric
ans.
H
ow
did
th
e U
.S. co
nfr
on
t in
tern
al
and
in
tern
ati
on
al
confl
icts
du
ring
this
era
?
H
ow
do
es a
na
tio
n’s
in
volv
emen
t in
in
tern
ati
on
al
con
flic
ts a
ffec
t it
s id
enti
ty?
S
hou
ld a
na
tion
fo
rm t
rad
e ag
reem
ents
wit
h n
ati
on
s it
dis
ag
rees
wit
h p
oli
tica
lly?
Geo
rge
Wa
shin
gto
n
I
t w
as d
ecid
ed u
nan
imo
usl
y t
hat
Geo
rge
Was
hin
gto
n w
ou
ld b
e th
e fi
rst
pre
si-
den
t of
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes.
P
rocl
am
ati
on
of
Neu
tra
lity
– s
tay o
ut
of
Eu
rop
ean a
ffai
rs
W
ash
ing
ton
’s F
are
wel
l A
dd
ress
– H
e w
arn
ed a
gai
nst
fo
rmin
g p
erm
anen
t
alli
ance
s an
d p
oli
tica
l p
arti
es.
Fo
reig
n P
oli
cy
P
rocl
am
ati
on
of
Neu
tra
lity
(17
93
) – P
resi
den
t W
ash
ingto
n s
tate
d t
hat
th
e
Un
ited
Sta
tes
wo
uld
no
t in
terv
en
e in
th
e w
arfa
re t
hat
wen
t on
in
Eu
rop
e
J
ay
’s T
rea
ty (
179
5)
- C
hie
f Ju
stic
e Jo
hn J
ay n
ego
tiat
ed a
tre
aty w
ith
Bri
tain
hav
ing t
hem
lea
ve
thei
r fo
rts
in t
he
No
rth
wes
t T
erri
tory
. It
als
o e
nco
ura
ged
trad
e.
P
inck
ney
’s T
rea
ty (
17
95
) –
Spai
n g
ave
up
rig
hts
to
th
eir
land
eas
t o
f th
e
Mis
siss
ipp
i R
iver
(O
pen
s u
p t
he
river
fo
r tr
ade)
, an
d s
et t
he
no
rth
ern
bo
rder
of
Flo
rid
a. T
his
gav
e th
e U
S t
he
righ
t o
f d
eposi
t in
New
Orl
ean
s – t
hey c
ou
ld u
se
the
po
rt o
f N
ew O
rlea
ns.
X
YZ
Aff
air
(1
797
) –
Fre
nch
off
icia
ls d
eman
ded
a $
25
0,0
00
bri
be
to s
pea
k
wit
h F
ren
ch F
ore
ign
Min
iste
r T
alle
yra
nd
. T
his
cre
ated
an
ti-F
ren
ch f
eeli
ngs
in
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes.
L
ou
isia
na
Pu
rch
ase
(1
80
3)
– J
effe
rson
pai
d $
15
mil
lio
n f
or
a h
uge
area
of
lan
d w
est
of
the
Mis
siss
ipp
i R
iver
(d
esp
ite
his
str
ict
con
stru
ctio
nis
t b
elie
fs.)
E
mb
arg
o A
ct (
18
07
) –
Bec
ause
of
the
imp
ress
men
t o
f sa
ilo
rs t
he
US
dec
ided
to s
top
tra
din
g w
ith
Eu
rop
e. T
his
en
ded
up h
urt
ing t
he
Am
eric
an e
cono
my a
nd
was
even
tual
ly l
ifte
d.
A
da
ms-
On
ís T
rea
ty (
18
19
) –
Sp
ain
ced
ed F
lori
da
to t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes.
Wa
r o
f 1
81
2
Ca
use
s
I
mp
ress
men
t –
Bri
tish
an
d F
ren
ch w
ere
takin
g U
S s
ailo
rs a
nd
fo
rcin
g t
hem
into
fo
reig
n m
ilit
ary s
ervic
e af
ter
takin
g t
he
bo
ats
and
car
go
.
W
ar
Ha
wk
s -
Dem
ocr
atic
-Rep
ub
lica
ns
fro
m t
he
Wes
t an
d t
he
So
uth
wh
o
pu
shed
fo
r w
ar w
ith
Bri
tain
.
N
ati
ve
Am
eric
an
Rel
ati
on
s w
ith
th
e B
riti
sh
T
rea
ty o
f G
hen
t (1
81
4)
– W
ar e
nd
ed w
ith a
n a
rmis
tice
an
d e
ver
yth
ing w
ent
bac
k
to s
tatu
s q
uo
– i
ssu
es l
ike
imp
ress
men
t an
d s
hip
pin
g r
igh
ts s
till
rem
ain
ed.
Wh
ile
no
on
e “w
on
” th
e w
ar,
it s
ho
wed
th
at t
he
US
had
su
bst
anti
al p
ow
er.
B
att
le o
f N
ew O
rlea
ns
(181
5)
– A
nd
rew
Jac
kso
n w
as m
ade
a h
ero
wit
h h
is v
ic-
tory
over
th
e B
riti
sh;
ho
wev
er,
the
bat
tle
was
un
nec
essa
rily
fo
ugh
t, a
s th
e T
rea
ty
of
Gh
ent
had
alr
ead
y b
een
sig
ned
. T
his
led
to
in
crea
sed
fee
lin
gs
of
na
tio
na
lism
.
1.0
2 -
Po
liti
cal
freed
om
s a
va
ila
ble
to
th
e fo
llow
ing
gro
up
s p
rio
r to
18
20
:
wo
men
, w
ag
e ea
rner
s, l
an
dle
ss f
arm
ers,
Am
eric
an
In
dia
ns,
Afr
ica
n A
mer
i-
1.0
3 -
Co
mm
erci
al
an
d d
iplo
ma
tic
rela
tio
nsh
ips
wit
h B
rita
in,
Fra
nce
,
an
d o
ther
na
tio
ns.
6
Goal 2 – Expansion & Reform
People who rushed west to search for gold during the gold rush of 1848-1849
People who wanted to end the practice of slavery; Grimké Sisters, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman
Henry Clay’s plan to increase nationalism – included a national bank, internal improvements and protective tariffs
Invented by Eli Whitney, this machine increased the need for slaves in southern states
Horace Mann made public education more accessible and even mandatory in some states
Considered a “corrupt bargain” by Andrew Jackson – John Q. Adams wins the white house and appoints opponent Henry
Clay to be Secretary of State
Supreme court case which established federal supremacy over the states in interstate commerce
Supreme court case which said that states could not tax the national bank; shows power of the national government over the
states
Belief that God wanted the United States to rule from coast to coast, Atlantic to Pacific; expansion
Battle between Texans and Mexicans over Texas Independence. Texans lost badly but used this battle as motivation to win
their independence.
War between the U.S. and Mexico over Texas annexation, Texas border disputes, and manifest destiny
Ended the Mexican-American War; gave the United states the southwest territory of the U.S. (Mexican Cession)
Decided the issue of slavery in the Louisiana Territory; Allowed Maine to enter as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, and
divided the rest of the Louisiana Territory along the 36”30 line, the north to be free, south to be slave.
The U.S. warned European nations to stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
Religious group who moved west to avoid persecution (Joseph Smith, Brigham Young)
Land acquisition associated with the war cry “54º40’ or Fight!” referring to the boundary the U.S. desired.
Smaller, local banks established by Andrew Jackson after he dissolved the 2nd US bank
Dorothea Dix led this reform movement to improve treatment of the mentally ill and prisoners.
A large protective tariff created to protect northern businesses; With the increase in prices of northern goods, the south
protested leading to the South Carolina Nullification Crisis
Reform movement aimed at making the manufacturing, sale, and consumption of alcohol illegal.
Group of ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy protesting against culture and society, focused on a simple life
“perfect” societies created to escape the evils of society (Oneida, Brook Farm, New Harmony)
Abolitionist newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison
Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, James Fennimore Cooper, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Edgar
Allan Poe
Tractor (John Deere), Steel Plow (Cyrus McCormick), Morse Code (Samuel Morse), Steamboat (Robert Fulton), sewing
machine
Attempted to prevent the spread of slavery into any territory gained from Mexico; did not pass
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Seneca Falls Convention
U.S. supreme court case which said that the Cherokee were their own nation and therefore did not have to follow the laws of the state – President Andrew Jackson disagreed with this decision and proceeded to force the Cherokee off their land
anyway
Law which forced Native Americans off of their land; lead to the Trail of Tears
7
Directions: Fill in each box with a description of how the event impacted and expanded the United States.
Examples of
Nationalism How nationalism is shown…
Examples of
Sectionalism How sectionalism is shown…
Gibbons v. Ogden South Carolina
Nullification Crisis
Monroe Doctrine Invention of the
Cotton Gin
American System Missouri Compro-
mise
Transcendentalist
Writers Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Hudson River School of Art
McCulloch v.
Maryland
Nationalism v. Sectionalism
8
• W
ha
t ta
ctic
s ca
n c
itiz
ens
use
to
infl
uen
ce g
ove
rnm
ent?
• H
ow
can
exp
an
sion
lea
d t
o c
onfl
ict
and
chan
ge?
•
Wha
t aff
ect
did
ter
rito
ria
l ex
pa
nsi
on h
ave
on
th
e d
evel
op
men
t of
the
new
na
tion?
C
au
ses
of
Am
eric
an
Ex
pan
sio
n i
n t
he
18
30
s an
d 1
84
0s
E
con
om
ic F
acto
rs –
exh
aust
ion o
f go
od
so
il a
nd
th
e P
anic
of
183
7(e
con
om
y w
ent
do
wn
)
pu
shed
peo
ple
Wes
t.
M
an
ifes
t d
esti
ny
– t
he
bel
ief
that
Go
d’s
des
tin
y f
or
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes
was
to
ru
le f
rom
coas
t to
co
ast.
4
9er
s –
th
e go
ld r
ush
in 1
849
bro
ugh
t th
ou
san
ds
of
peo
ple
sea
rch
ing f
or
fort
un
e
N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
Po
licy
T
he
Ind
ian
Rem
ov
al
Act
(1
830
) –
fo
rcib
le r
emo
val
of
nat
ive
Am
eric
ans
W
orc
este
r v.
Geo
rgia
(1
83
2)
– J
oh
n M
arsh
all
rule
d t
hat
th
e C
her
okee
nat
ion
was
no
t
sub
ject
to t
he
law
s o
f th
e st
ate.
Jac
kso
n r
efu
sed
to
en
forc
e th
e ru
ling s
tati
ng t
hat
“Jo
hn
Ma
rsh
all
had
mad
e h
is d
ecis
ion, n
ow
let
him
enfo
rce
it”
T
rail
of
Tea
rs –
Ch
ero
kee
s an
d o
ther
Nat
ive
Am
eric
an t
rib
es f
rom
th
e so
uth
east
wer
e
forc
ed t
o m
arch
12
00 m
iles
to
Okla
ho
ma
terr
ito
ry.
E
xp
an
sio
n o
f U
nit
ed S
tate
s T
erri
tory
L
ewis
an
d C
lark
– s
ent
to e
xp
lore
th
e L
ou
isia
na
Ter
rito
ry
T
exas
An
nex
ati
on
T
exan
s d
ecla
red
in
dep
end
ence
fro
m M
exic
o (
18
21
)
T
he
Ala
mo (
18
36
) –
Tex
ans
wer
e gre
atly
def
eate
d b
y t
he
Mex
ican
s
T
exas
was
ad
mit
ted
to
th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s in
184
5
M
exic
an
-Am
eric
an
War
was
fo
ugh
t o
ver
bo
rder
dis
pu
tes
bet
wee
n M
exic
o a
nd
th
e U
.S.
T
reaty
of
Gu
ad
alu
pe-
Hid
alg
o –
Cal
ifo
rnia
an
d N
ew M
exic
o a
dd
ed t
o t
he
US
,
Mex
ican
bo
rder
set
at
Rio
Gra
nd
e, U
S p
ays
Mex
ico
$1
5 m
illi
on
W
ilm
ot-
Pro
vis
o –
wan
ted
to
res
tric
t sl
aver
y i
n t
he
new
ter
rito
ries
, b
ut
sou
ther
ner
s fe
lt
this
was
an
att
ack o
n t
hei
r li
fest
yle
O
reg
on
Ter
rito
ry –
“5
4 4
0 o
r fi
gh
t!”
– t
he
war
cry
fo
r th
ose
wan
tin
g w
ar w
ith
En
gla
nd o
f
Ore
go
n’s
bo
rder
. A
tre
aty s
et t
he
bo
rder
at
the
49
th p
aral
lel
in 1
846
.
G
ad
sden
Pu
rch
ase
(1
85
3)
– U
S b
ou
ght
New
Mex
ico
an
d A
rizo
na
fro
m M
exic
o f
or
$1
0
mil
lio
n.
Wit
h t
his
pu
rch
ase,
th
e co
nti
guo
us
48 s
tate
s w
ere
form
ed.
S
laver
y &
Th
e E
ffec
ts o
f T
err
itori
al
Ex
pan
sion
M
isso
uri
Co
mp
ro
mis
e –
Dra
fted
by H
enry
Cla
y,
this
ad
mit
ted
Mai
ne
as a
fre
e st
ate
and
Mis
sou
ri a
s a
slav
e st
ate,
th
e re
st o
f th
e n
ew t
erri
tory
wo
uld
be
spli
t b
y t
he
36
’ 3
0
lin
e, n
ort
h=
free
, so
uth
=sl
ave.
N
ati
on
ali
sm –
pri
de
in o
ne’
s n
atio
n –
in
clud
ing w
anti
ng t
o m
ake
it l
arger
/mo
re
exp
ansi
ve
S
ecti
on
ali
sm
- p
rid
e in
on
e’s
regio
n –
fig
hti
ng f
or
yo
ur
life
style
(so
uth
=sl
aver
y)
regio
nal
dif
fere
nce
s: s
laver
y/e
con
om
y/p
op
ula
tion
• H
ow
did
th
e a
rt, li
tera
ture
, an
d l
ang
uag
e of
18
01
-185
0 r
efle
ct a
co
llec
tive
sen
se o
f nati
on
ali
sm a
nd
sec
tionali
sm?
• H
ow
did
th
e U
.S. d
evel
op
and
exp
ress
its
uniq
ue
styl
e th
rough
the
art
s duri
ng
the
earl
y 18
00
s?
• A
re a
rt a
nd
lit
eratu
re e
ffec
tive
fo
rma
ts f
or
com
munic
ati
ng
po
liti
cal
an
d s
oci
al
dis
con
tent?
E
xp
ress
ion
s of
Nati
on
ali
sm
Pai
nti
ng –
Hu
dso
n R
iver
Sch
ool
arti
sts
pai
nte
d A
mer
ican
lan
dsc
apes
.
Au
thors
N
oa
h W
eb
ster
– c
reat
ed t
he
1st A
mer
ican
dic
tio
nar
y
J
am
es F
en
nim
ore
Co
op
er –
au
tho
r o
f L
ast
of
the
Mo
hic
an
s
N
ath
an
iel
Haw
thorn
e –
au
tho
r of
Th
e S
carl
et L
ette
r
W
ash
ing
ton
Irv
ing
– a
uth
or
of
Sle
epy
Ho
llo
w, R
ip V
an
Win
kle
E
dg
ar
All
en
Poe
– w
rote
po
etry
, h
orr
or
sto
ries
, T
he
Ra
ven
Tra
nsc
en
den
tali
sm –
wri
ters
, p
hil
oso
ph
ers,
po
ets,
etc
. w
ho
bel
ieved
in
th
e ex
pre
ssio
n o
f
per
son
al f
eeli
ngs
and
in
div
idu
alis
m
R
alp
h W
ald
o E
mer
son
– p
oet
, pre
ach
er,
essa
y w
rite
r
H
enry
David
Th
ore
au
– w
rote
Wal
den
ab
ou
t si
mp
le l
ife,
an
d C
ivil
Dis
ob
edie
nce
• H
ow
wer
e n
ati
on
ali
sm a
nd
sec
tiona
lism
ref
lect
ed i
n e
cono
mic
an
d s
oci
al
issu
es o
f th
e er
a?
• H
ow
do
eco
no
mic
an
d s
oci
al
condit
ions
an
d i
ssues
co
ntr
ibute
to
the
dif
fere
nce
s in
sec
tiona
lism
an
d n
ati
ona
lism
?
• H
ow
do
eco
no
mic
and
so
cial
cond
itio
ns
effe
ct i
nn
ova
tion
and
chan
ge?
In
du
stri
al
Revolu
tio
n
R
eorg
aniz
ing o
f so
ciet
y &
eco
nom
y.
Mac
hin
es r
epla
ce h
and t
oo
ls w
hic
h d
ecre
ases
th
e co
st f
or
man
y i
tem
s. U
nsk
ille
d l
abo
rers
rep
lace
art
isan
s, a
nd
mo
re f
acto
ries
mea
n m
ore
jo
bs
in c
itie
s.
I
nte
rch
an
gea
ble
Part
s –
in
ven
ted
by E
li W
hit
ney
, th
is i
ncr
ease
d t
he
pro
du
ctio
n o
f go
od
s in
fact
ory
sy
stem
s.
Inv
enti
on
s/In
ven
tors
C
ott
on
gin
– i
nven
ted
by E
li W
hit
ney
in
crea
sed
th
e n
eed
fo
r sl
aves
in
th
e P
lan
tati
on
Sy
stem
.
S
ewin
g M
ach
ine
– i
nven
ted
by E
lias
How
e,
mad
e p
rod
uct
ion
of
go
od
s fa
ster
an
d c
hea
per
.
S
teel
plo
w –
in
ven
ted
by J
oh
n D
eere
, in
crea
sed
far
m e
ffic
ien
cy.
T
eleg
rap
h –
in
ven
ted
by S
am
uel
Mors
e,
imp
roved
co
mm
un
icat
ion
s (f
aste
r an
d f
ath
er)
S
tea
mb
oat
– i
nven
ted
by R
ob
ert
Fu
lton
, re
du
ced
tra
vel
tim
e; a
gri
cult
ure
and
in
du
stri
al
exp
ansi
on
2.0
1 -
Eff
ects
of
terri
tori
al
exp
an
sio
n a
nd
th
e a
dm
issi
on
of
new
sta
tes
to
th
e U
nio
n
2.0
2 -
Des
crib
e
ho
w t
he
gro
wth
of
nati
on
ali
sm a
nd
sec
tio
na
lism
wer
e re
flec
ted
in
art
, li
tera
ture
,
GO
AL
2 -
EX
PA
NS
ION
AN
D R
EF
OR
M (
18
01
-18
50
)
2.0
3 -
Eco
no
mic
an
d s
oci
al
issu
es t
ha
t le
d t
o s
ecti
on
ali
sm a
nd
na
tio
na
lism
.
9
• In
wha
t w
ays
wer
e n
ati
on
ali
sm a
nd s
ecti
onali
sm r
efle
cted
in t
he
poli
tics
and i
ssu
es o
f th
e ti
me
per
iod
?
• H
ow
was
the
issu
e o
f sl
ave
ry a
ffec
ted b
y te
rrit
ori
al
expansi
on?
• H
ow
did
th
e p
oli
tics
of
ind
ust
ria
liza
tion l
ead t
o c
onfl
ict
and c
hange?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t w
ere
the
lea
der
ship
and p
erso
nali
ties
of
the
earl
y 1800s
resp
onsi
ble
fo
r th
e ch
an
ges
th
at
occ
urr
ed?
Era
of
Good
Fee
lin
gs
Per
iod
foll
ow
ing t
he
War
of
1812
in w
hic
h p
eop
le w
ere
ple
ased
wit
h t
he
way
th
at t
he
coun
try w
as d
evel
op
ing.
Th
ere
wer
e n
ot
man
y F
eder
alis
ts d
uri
ng t
his
tim
e, a
ll D
emocr
atic
-Rep
ub
lica
ns.
McC
ull
och
v. M
ary
lan
d (
18
19
) – S
how
ed t
he
pow
er o
f th
e fe
der
al g
over
nm
ent,
say
ing t
hat
sta
tes
cou
ld n
ot
tax
the
nat
ion
al b
ank.
Mon
roe
Doct
rin
e (
1823
) -
The
US
would
opp
ose
an
y n
atio
n w
hic
h t
ried
to i
nte
rven
e in
th
e af
fair
s of
the
Wes
tern
Hem
isp
her
e.
Gib
bo
ns
v. O
gd
en (
1824
) – s
how
ed p
ow
er o
f th
e fe
der
al g
over
nm
ent
in i
nte
rsta
te c
om
mer
ce (
stea
mb
oat
s)
Ele
ctio
n o
f 1
824
– J
ackso
n r
ecei
ved
more
ele
ctora
l an
d p
opu
lar
vote
s th
an A
dam
s an
d C
lay,
bu
t n
ot
a m
ajori
ty.
Th
e h
ouse
ch
ose
Adam
s to
be
pre
siden
t b
ecau
se o
f C
lay’s
supp
ort
. A
dam
s an
d C
lay a
gre
ed o
n C
lay’s
Am
eric
an
Syst
em
A
mer
ica
n S
yst
em –
Cla
y’s
pla
n t
o s
eal
the
rift
bet
wee
n r
egio
ns
of
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s b
y m
akin
g t
he
regio
ns
work
toget
her
an
d r
ely l
ess
on
fore
ign
tra
de.
It
incl
ud
ed t
he
Tari
ff o
f 181
6, th
e 2
nd B
an
k o
f th
e U
nit
ed
Sta
tes,
and
In
tern
al
Imp
rovem
ents
su
ch a
s th
e E
rie
Ca
nal)
J
ackso
n’s
foll
ow
ers
accu
se C
lay a
nd
Adam
s of
a “c
orr
up
t b
arg
ain
” w
hen
Cla
y w
as n
amed
Sec
reta
ry o
f
Sta
te u
nd
er A
dam
s.
This
sp
lit
the
Dem
ocr
atic
-Rep
ub
lica
ns.
J
ack
son
ian
Dem
ocr
acy
(182
9-1
83
7)
J
ackso
n’s
ele
ctio
n s
ign
aled
the
rise
of
the
com
mon
man
– e
lect
ed b
y f
arm
ers
and e
aste
rn w
ork
ers.
N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
Poli
cy i
ncl
ud
ed t
he
Ind
ian
Rem
ova
l A
ct a
nd
dis
agre
emen
t over
Worc
este
r v.
Geo
rgia
S
ou
th C
aro
lin
a N
ull
ific
ati
on
Cri
sis
(18
32
)
S
ou
th C
aroli
na
opp
ose
d t
he
Ta
riff
of
Ab
om
ina
tion
s. S
C t
hre
aten
ed t
o s
eced
e fr
om
th
e unio
n.
Jack
son
was
ree
lect
ed i
n 1
83
2 a
nd h
e b
egan
a w
ar o
ver
th
e U
S B
ank.
J
ackso
n o
pp
ose
d t
he
US
Ban
k b
ecau
se i
t w
as s
een a
s a
tool
for
the
rich
an
d o
pp
ress
ed t
he
poor.
J
ackso
n r
emoved
gover
nm
ent
mon
ey f
rom
th
e b
ank a
nd p
ut
it i
n s
mal
ler
pet
ba
nk
s.
M
on
ey c
ircu
lati
on
in
crea
sed, in
flat
ion r
ose
, st
ates
borr
ow
ed m
on
ey f
or
inte
rnal
im
pro
vem
ents
P
an
ic o
f 183
7 r
esu
lted
wh
en p
eop
le w
ent
to t
rade
in p
aper
mon
ey f
or
spec
ie c
ircu
lar
– b
anker
s
call
ed i
n l
oan
s, g
old
supp
lies
dep
lete
d, ban
ks
cou
ldn
’t m
ake
pay
men
ts à
ban
k f
ailu
res
wer
e
forc
ed.
Wh
ig P
art
y (
est.
18
34
) -
a re
acti
on
to t
he
auth
ori
tari
an p
oli
cies
of
An
dre
w J
ackso
n.
“Kin
g A
nd
rew
,” h
ad
enra
ged
his
poli
tica
l opp
onen
ts w
ith
his
act
ions
regar
din
g t
he
Ban
k o
f th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s, N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
s, t
he
Sup
rem
e C
ou
rt a
nd
his
use
of
pre
siden
tial
war
pow
ers.
• W
hat
chara
cter
isti
cs d
efin
e a
per
fect
soci
ety?
• H
ow
is
cha
ng
e in
flu
ence
d b
y th
e a
ctio
ns
of
citi
zens?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t w
as
the
deb
ate
ove
r sl
ave
ry e
ssen
tial
to t
he
refo
rm m
ove
men
ts?
A
boli
tion
– M
ovem
ent
to a
boli
sh s
laver
y.
Pri
son
Ref
orm
/Reh
ab
ilit
ati
on
D
oro
thea
Dix
in
ves
tigat
ed a
nd r
eport
ed t
reat
men
t of
the
insa
ne
whic
h l
ed t
o t
he
crea
tion
of
hu
man
e in
stit
uti
ons.
P
riso
ns
wer
e re
form
ed t
o h
elp
wit
h t
he
reh
abil
itat
ion
of
crim
inal
s
Ed
uca
tion
H
ora
ce M
an
n -
an e
duca
tor
wh
o g
reat
ly a
dvan
ced t
he
cau
se o
f univ
ersa
l, f
ree
pu
bli
c sc
hools
. M
ann
als
o
advoca
ted
for
oth
er r
eform
movem
ents
bu
t h
is p
refe
rred
cau
se w
as e
du
cati
on.
His
theo
ry w
as w
hil
e "o
ther
refo
rms
are
rem
edia
l; e
du
cati
on i
s p
reven
tati
ve.
"
Tem
per
an
ce M
ovem
ent
– f
ou
ght
to m
ake
alco
hol
ille
gal
.
Wom
en’s
Rig
hts
W
om
en w
ere
consi
der
ed i
nfe
rior
to m
en;
they
wer
e n
ot
allo
wed
to v
ote
, obta
in h
igh
er e
du
cati
on
, or
con
trol
thei
r
ow
n p
rop
erty
. T
he
wom
en’s
rig
hts
movem
ent
sou
ght
to c
han
ge
that
.
S
enec
a F
all
s C
on
ven
tion
– 1
st m
ajor
con
ven
tion a
ddre
ssin
g w
om
en’s
rig
hts
, in
Sen
eca
Fal
ls, N
Y.
L
ead
ers
of
the
wom
en’s
rig
hts
movem
ent
incl
ud
ed:
Eli
zab
eth
Cad
y S
tan
ton
, L
ucr
etia
Mott
, S
usa
n B
. A
nth
on
y
Rel
igio
us
Rev
iva
l
2
nd G
rea
t A
wa
ken
ing
– a
rel
igio
us
reviv
al a
mon
g P
rote
stan
ts i
n t
he
18
30s.
It
had
its
big
ges
t im
pac
t am
on
g
wom
en. M
any p
eop
le i
nvolv
ed i
n t
he
reli
gio
us
reviv
al w
ere
also
in
volv
ed i
n a
boli
tion.
M
orm
on
s –
wer
e fo
und
ed b
y J
ose
ph
Sm
ith
, w
ho c
laim
ed t
o h
ave
tran
slat
ed t
he
book o
f M
orm
on
sen
t b
y t
he
An
gel
Moro
ni.
They
wer
e fo
rced
to f
lee
wes
t b
ecau
se o
f th
eir
rad
ical
bel
iefs
.
B
rig
ham
You
ng
– b
ecam
e th
e le
ader
of
on
e se
ct o
f th
e M
orm
on c
hurc
h a
fter
th
e d
eath
of
Jose
ph
Sm
ith
.
Uto
pia
n C
om
mu
nit
ies
B
rook F
arm
, N
ew H
arm
on
y,
On
eid
a.
H
ou
sed
man
y T
ran
scen
den
tali
sts
and
oth
ers
wit
h “
enli
gh
ten
ed t
hou
gh
t” e
mp
has
izin
g i
nd
ivid
ual
ism
an
d t
he
myst
erie
s of
nat
ure
.
T
ried
to f
orm
isl
and
s of
per
fect
ion
wit
hin
th
e U
S.
• H
ow
did
bo
th s
ides
of
the
ab
oli
tionis
t m
ovem
ent
use
rel
igio
n t
o s
upport
thei
r vi
ewpo
int?
• H
ow
did
dif
feri
ng
rel
igio
us
bel
iefs
contr
ibute
to a
n i
ncr
ease
in t
he
sect
ional
div
isiv
enes
s of
the
countr
y?
• In
wh
at
wa
ys d
id r
elig
iou
s in
flu
ence
im
pa
ct t
he
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
soci
al
move
men
ts i
n t
he
firs
t part
of
the
19th
cen
tury
?
Sla
ver
y’s
Eco
nom
ic B
ase
T
he
cott
on
gin
in
crea
sed
th
e n
eed f
or
slav
es a
nd
all
ow
ed c
ott
on t
o b
ecom
e th
e d
om
inan
t so
uth
ern
cro
p.
B
oth
th
e N
ort
h a
nd t
he
South
pro
fite
d f
rom
th
e co
tton i
ndu
stry
8
0%
of
the
worl
ds
cott
on
cam
e fr
om
the
sou
th
Sla
ver
y’s
Soci
al
Base
A
sm
all
nu
mb
er o
f w
hit
es o
wned
sla
ves
, but
they
hel
d m
ost
poli
tica
l an
d s
oci
al p
ow
er i
n t
he
South
T
he
gap
bet
wee
n t
he
rich
an
d t
he
poor
wid
ened
– s
oci
al p
yra
mid
pla
ced t
he
4 m
illi
on
sla
ves
at
the
ver
y b
ott
om
,
ben
eath
all
wh
ites
.
T
he
legal
im
port
atio
n o
f sl
aves
end
ed i
n 1
808
, but
slav
es w
ere
stil
l b
ou
ght
or
sold
at
auct
ions.
Ab
oli
tion
– M
ovem
ent
to a
boli
sh s
laver
y.
A
boli
tion
ists
Res
pon
ses
to S
laver
y
W
illi
am
Llo
yd
Garr
ison
– a
mil
itan
t w
ho a
rgu
ed t
hat
th
ere
shou
ld b
e n
o c
om
pro
mis
e on
the
issu
e of
slav
ery,
ther
e sh
ou
ld b
e im
med
iate
em
an
cip
ati
on
(fr
eein
g o
f al
l sl
aves
).
He
pub
lish
ed t
he
new
spap
er T
he
Lib
erato
r
wh
ich a
ttac
ked
sla
ver
y a
nd t
he
gover
nm
ents
han
dli
ng o
f it
.
G
rim
ké
Sis
ters
– s
ou
ther
n s
iste
rs w
ho t
ou
red
New
En
gla
nd
lec
turi
ng a
gai
nst
sla
ver
y.
F
red
eric
k D
ou
gla
ss –
an e
scap
ed s
lave
wh
o b
ecam
e a
pow
erfu
l ab
oli
tionis
t giv
ing i
nfl
uen
tial
sp
eech
es.
H
arr
iet
Tu
bm
an
– a
form
er s
lave
wh
o h
elped
lea
d t
he
Un
der
gro
un
d R
ail
road
, a
seri
es o
f se
cret
pas
sages
and
safe
-hou
ses
by w
hic
h s
laves
tra
vel
ed t
o e
scap
e n
ort
h t
ow
ard
s C
anad
a.
Sou
ther
n D
efen
ses
of
Sla
ver
y
S
laver
y w
as o
rdai
ned
by G
od
and
per
mit
ted i
n t
he
bib
le
S
laver
y w
as e
ssen
tial
to t
he
sou
ther
n e
con
om
y –
a “
nec
essa
ry e
vil
”
2.0
4 -
Poli
tica
l even
ts,
issu
es,
an
d p
erso
na
liti
es
that
con
trib
ute
d t
o s
ect
ion
ali
sm a
nd
na
tion
ali
sm.
2.0
6 -
Role
of
reli
gio
n i
n t
he
deb
ate
over
sla
ver
y a
nd
oth
er s
oci
al
movem
en
ts
2.0
5-
Majo
r r
eform
movem
en
ts a
nd
eva
lua
te t
heir
eff
ecti
ven
ess.
10
Harriet Tubman led escaped slaves along this route to freedom.
Five part compromise which included provisions for the status of slavery in some territories, as well as the Fugitive Slave Act,
requiring any escaped slaves to be returned to their owners.
The right of a territory to decide whether they would allow slavery or not
Part of the Compromise of 1850; required all escaped slaves to be returned to their owners
Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe describing the evils of slavery. It increased tensions between the North and the South
Territories of Kansas and Nebraska will use popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery
Violence erupted in Kansas with the decision to allow popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery
Supreme court case which said that slaves were property; declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
Series of debates between senatorial candidates Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. Lincoln argued to stop the further
spread of slavery; Douglas argued for the use of popular sovereignty.
John brown led a group of rebels to the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in order to arm slaves to revolt against their owners.
The attempt failed and many of the rebels were killed.
Lincoln was elected president without the vote of the South, this caused the south to secede from the Union
Site of the first shots of the Civil War
President of the Union during the Civil War
President of the Confederacy during the Civil War
Southern states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War
Union’s plan to defeat the Confederacy by cutting off their supplies and “strangling” them
First major battle of the Civil War
Bloodiest battle of the Civil War
Turning point of the Civil War in the western theatre (Mississippi) – months long
Turning point of the Civil War in the eastern theatre (Pennsylvania) – 3 day battle
Lincoln’s 2-minute address at the dedication of a cemetery to those who died at the battle of Gettysburg. He motivated Union
soldiers to keep fighting.
Considered an act of “total war,” Sherman and Union troops marched from Atlanta northwards up toward the Atlantic, burning
and destroying everything in their path
Successful Confederate general
Successful Union general
Lincoln suspended peoples’ rights to know why they were being imprisoned during the Civil War
Northerners who wanted peace during the Civil War
All slaves in Confederate territory were freed – was a moral victory for the Union
Site of the end of the Civil War
Assassinated Abraham Lincoln
Organization designed to help newly freed slaves
Congressmen during reconstruction who wanted to punish the South as they reentered the Union
A plan for reconstruction which was considered to be too lenient on the South
Ended reconstruction – Hayes became president under the agreement that the military would be removed from the South.
Law stating that someone can’t be fired in the same term that they were appointed; the reason Johnson was impeached
White Southern Republicans who supported Reconstruction
Northerner Republicans who moved south during Reconstruction, sometimes for personal gain, sometimes for aid
Laws restricting the rights of African Americans after the Civil War
Using someone else’s land in return for a share of your crops
Pay rent for land, but get to keep your crop
Laws enforcing segregation
Scandal during Grant’s administration
Voting restriction which said you could only vote if your grandfather had
Abolished slavery
Defined citizenship
Voting could not discriminate based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
Goal 3 – Crisis, Civil War, & Reconstruction
11
Directions: Using the key terms below place key events on the timeline and briefly note their significance/impact.
1850 1855 1860 1865
Dred Scott Fugitive Slave Law Ft. Sumter
Vicksburg Emancipation Proclamation Election of 1860
Gettysburg Address Antietam Apomattox Court House
Kansas Nebraska Act Assassination of Lincoln Harper’s Ferry
Uncle Tom’s Cabin Gettysburg Bleeding Kansas
Compromise of 1850 Sumner Brooks Incident Sherman’s March to the Sea
Crisis and Civil War Key Terms
Reconstruction
Positive Reconstruction Negative Reconstruction
Directions: Add the following terms to the negative or positive side of Reconstruction, depending on how they affected the U.S. dur-
ing that time period.
13th Amendment Impeachment of Johnson Civil Rights Act of 1866 Johnson’s Plan
14th Amendment Compromise of 1877 Jim Crow Laws Radical Republicans’ Plan
15th Amendment Military Reconstruction Sharecropping
Ku Klux Klan Freedmen’s Bureau Scalawags/Carpetbaggers
12
• H
ow
did
th
e is
sues
of
sect
iona
lism
lea
d t
o t
he
Civ
il W
ar?
• H
ow
did
po
liti
cal,
eco
no
mic
, a
nd
soci
al
dif
fere
nce
s d
evel
op
into
th
e se
ctio
na
lism
tha
t sp
lit
the
No
rth
and
t
he
Sou
th?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t did
dif
feri
ng o
pin
ions
on
sla
very
as
wel
l a
s th
e in
stit
uti
on
’s e
xpa
nsi
on
bec
om
e a
dec
idin
g f
fa
cto
r in
in
stit
uti
ng
a C
ivil
Wa
r?
Poli
tica
l P
art
ies
K
now
-Noth
ing
s –
an
ear
ly n
ativ
ist
gro
up
opp
ose
d t
o t
he
imm
igra
tio
n o
f Ir
ish
an
d G
erm
ans
into
Am
eric
a. W
hen
ever
a m
emb
er w
as a
sked
ab
ou
t th
e gro
up,
he
wo
uld
say
, "I
kn
ow
no
th-
ing."
Th
ey a
ccep
ted
in
to t
hei
r gro
up
on
ly n
ativ
e-b
orn
Pro
test
ants
.
F
ree
Soil
Part
y –
a s
ho
rt-l
ived
po
liti
cal
par
ty w
hic
h o
pp
ose
d t
he
exte
nsi
on
of
slav
ery i
nto
the
terr
ito
ries
an
d s
upp
ort
ed n
atio
nal
in
tern
al i
mp
rovem
ent
pro
gra
ms
Issu
e of
Sla
ver
y
A
boli
tio
nis
t m
ov
em
en
t –
Mo
vem
ent
aim
ed a
t el
imin
atin
g s
laver
y
S
lave
cod
es
- la
ws
each
sta
te h
ad d
efin
ing t
he
stat
us
of
slav
es a
nd
th
e ri
gh
ts o
f m
aste
rs
U
nd
erg
rou
nd
Rail
roa
d -
a n
etw
ork
of
peo
ple
wh
o h
elp
ed f
ugit
ive
slav
es e
scap
e to
th
e
No
rth
and
to
Can
ada.
H
arr
iet
Tu
bm
an
– a
ru
naw
ay s
lave
fro
m M
aryla
nd
wh
o h
elp
ed l
ead
oth
er e
scap
ed s
laves
to f
reed
om
th
rou
gh
th
e U
nd
ergro
un
d R
ailr
oad
.
C
om
pro
mis
e of
18
50
– A
ser
ies
of
law
s to
set
tle
the
maj
or
dis
agre
emen
ts b
etw
een
th
e fr
ee
stat
es a
nd
sla
ve
stat
es.
It’s
mo
st c
on
tro
ver
sial
pie
ce w
as t
he
Fu
git
ive
Sla
ve
Act
wh
ich
sai
d
that
an
y e
scap
ed s
lave
fou
nd
in
the
no
rth
mu
st b
e re
turn
ed t
o h
is/h
er o
wn
er.
H
arr
iet
Bee
cher
Sto
we
(Un
cle
Tom
’s C
ab
in)
– t
he
“lit
tle
lad
y w
ho
sta
rted
th
is b
ig w
ar”
–
Un
cle
To
m’s
Cab
in u
nvei
led
th
e ev
ils
of
slav
ery a
nd
cau
sed
mu
ch t
ensi
on b
etw
een
th
e
No
rth
and
th
e S
ou
th
K
an
sas-
Neb
rask
a A
ct –
th
e st
ates
of
Kan
sas
and
Neb
rask
a w
ou
ld e
ach
be
allo
wed
to
vo
te
on
th
e is
sue
of
slav
ery (
pop
ula
r so
vere
ign
ty)
B
leed
ing
Kan
sas
– a
fter
th
e K
ansa
s-N
ebra
ska
Act
est
abli
shed
th
e id
ea o
f p
op
ula
r so
ver
-
eign
ty,
thre
e p
oli
tica
l gro
up
s o
ccup
ied
Kan
sas:
pro
-sla
ver
s, f
ree-
stat
es a
nd
ab
oli
tio
nis
ts.
Vio
len
ce b
roke
ou
t im
med
iate
ly b
etw
een
th
ese
op
po
sin
g g
roup
s an
d c
on
tin
ued
un
til
186
1
D
red
Sco
tt v
. S
an
ford
(1
85
7)
– S
up
rem
e C
ou
rt c
ase
that
sai
d s
laves
wer
e p
rop
erty
, n
ot
peo
ple
, an
d t
her
efo
re c
ou
ld g
o i
nto
a f
ree
stat
e an
d s
till
be
a sl
ave.
T
his
mad
e th
e M
isso
uri
com
pro
mis
e u
nco
nst
itu
tio
nal
.
L
inco
ln-D
ou
gla
s D
ebate
s (1
85
8)
– L
inco
ln b
elie
ved
th
at s
laver
y w
as i
mm
ora
l, b
ut
a n
ec-
essa
ry e
vil
. D
ou
gla
s b
elie
ved
in t
he
idea
of
pop
ula
r so
ver
eig
nty
, th
at p
eop
le o
f a
terr
ito
ry
sho
uld
hav
e th
e ri
gh
t to
vo
te o
n t
he
issu
e o
f sl
aver
y.
F
reep
ort
Doct
rin
e -,
ad
van
ced
by S
tep
hen
Do
ugla
s, i
t sa
id t
hat
loca
l au
tho
riti
es h
ad t
he
righ
t to
en
forc
e fe
der
al j
uri
sdic
tion
as
it s
aw f
it.
J
oh
n B
row
n a
nd
Harp
ers
Fer
ry (
185
9)
– J
ohn
Bro
wn
and
his
gro
up
of
men
att
emp
ted
to
raid
an
ars
enal
in
ho
pes
of
sup
ply
ing s
laves
wit
h w
eap
on
s to
beg
in a
rev
olt
. It
end
ed w
ith
8
men
dea
d a
nd t
he
deb
ate
over
sla
ver
y c
on
tin
ued
.
• H
ow
did
th
e is
sues
of
sect
iona
lism
lea
d t
o t
he
Civ
il W
ar?
•
To
wha
t ex
ten
t w
as
sla
very
the
pri
ma
ry c
au
se o
f th
e C
ivil
Wa
r?
• W
ha
t did
a f
eder
al
un
ion o
f st
ate
s m
ean
poli
tica
lly
and
soci
all
y b
efo
re a
nd
aft
er t
he
Civ
il W
ar?
S
ecti
on
ali
sm -
dis
tin
ct i
den
titi
es b
ased
on e
thn
icit
y,
colo
r, c
ust
om
s, l
aws,
eco
no
mic
s, o
r
cult
ure
– w
e se
e th
is e
spec
iall
y b
etw
een
th
e N
ort
h a
nd
th
e S
ou
th p
rio
r to
th
e C
ivil
War
E
lect
ion
of
18
60
– A
bra
ha
m L
incoln
was
ele
cted
pre
sid
ent,
des
pit
e th
e fa
ct t
hat
he
was
no
t
even
on
th
e b
allo
t in
th
e so
uth
. T
his
was
th
e fi
nal
str
aw f
or
the
So
uth
, w
ho
dec
ided
to
sec
ede
fro
m t
he
un
ion
. S
C s
eced
ed f
irst
. F
ou
r bo
rder
sta
tes
rem
ain
ed b
etw
een
th
e no
rth a
nd s
outh
.
T
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
bec
ame
spli
t in
tw
o.
Th
e U
nio
n o
r st
ates
th
at s
tayed
lo
yal
to
th
e U
nit
ed
Sta
tes
wer
e p
rim
aril
y n
ort
her
n s
tate
s w
ith
ou
t sl
aver
y.
Th
e C
on
fed
era
cy w
as m
ade
up
of
the
stat
es w
hic
h s
eced
ed f
rom
th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s.
T
he
firs
t sh
ots
of
the
Civ
il W
ar w
ere
fire
d b
y C
on
fed
erat
e tr
oo
ps
at F
ort
Su
mte
r, S
.C.
J
effe
rso
n D
avis
bec
ame
the
pre
sid
ent
of
the
Co
nfe
der
acy.
• W
hy
are
the
Batt
le o
f G
etty
sbu
rg a
nd
the
Sie
ge
of
Vic
ksb
urg
con
sider
ed t
he
mil
ita
ry t
urn
ing p
oin
ts o
f th
e
C
ivil
War?
• H
ow
did
th
e po
liti
cal
act
ion
s o
f P
resi
den
t L
inco
ln a
ffec
t th
e outc
om
e o
f th
e w
ar?
•
Wa
s it
in
evit
able
that
the
No
rth
wo
uld
win
th
e w
ar?
S
tren
gth
s an
d w
eakn
esse
s o
f th
e U
nio
n (
No
rth
)
Str
ateg
ies
– A
na
cond
a P
lan
– P
rese
rve
the
Un
ion
Maj
or
po
liti
cal
and
mil
itar
y l
ead
ers
– A
bra
ha
m L
inco
ln,
Geo
rge
McC
lell
an
, U
lyss
es S
.
Gra
nt,
Wil
lia
m T
. Sh
erm
an
.
Mil
itar
y r
ead
ines
s –
und
er p
repa
red
, so
ldie
rs n
eed
ing
tra
inin
g, p
oor
lea
der
ship
Eco
no
my a
nd
ind
ust
rial
izat
ion –
22
mil
lion
peo
ple
, 23
sta
tes
,85
% o
f th
e na
tion
s
fact
ori
es, 9
0%
ski
lled
wo
rker
s, e
no
ugh
mo
ney
fo
r w
ar,
ta
riff
s o
n i
mp
ort
s, , t
rain
s,
rail
road
s, 1
0+
ma
jor
citi
es
S
tren
gth
s an
d w
eakn
esse
s o
f th
e C
on
fed
era
cy (
Sou
th)
S
trat
egie
s –
to
ou
tla
st t
he
no
rth
, def
end
th
eir
ho
me
soil
, a
nd
pre
serv
e th
eir
wa
y o
f li
fe
(ag
ricu
ltu
re=
sla
very
)
M
ajo
r po
liti
cal
and
mil
itar
y l
ead
ers
– R
ob
ert
E. L
ee,
Jeff
erso
n D
avi
s (P
resi
den
t),
Sto
new
all
Ja
ckso
n
M
ilit
ary r
ead
ines
s –
str
ong
er m
ilit
ary
lea
der
s an
d s
old
iers
wh
o w
ere
acc
ust
om
ed t
o t
he
ou
tdoo
r li
fe, g
un
s, t
erra
in,
etc.
GO
AL
3 –
CR
ISIS
, C
IVIL
WA
R,
& R
EC
ON
ST
RU
CT
ION
(1
84
8-1
87
7)
3.0
1 -
Eco
no
mic
, so
cia
l, a
nd
po
liti
cal
ev
ents
fro
m t
he
Mex
ica
n W
ar
to t
he
ou
tbre
ak
of
the
Civ
il W
ar.
3.0
2 -
Ca
use
s o
f th
e C
ivil
Wa
r.
3.0
3 -
Po
liti
cal
an
d m
ilit
ary
tu
rnin
g p
oin
ts o
f th
e C
ivil
Wa
r a
nd
ass
ess
thei
r
sig
nif
ica
nce
to
th
e o
utc
om
e o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
13
Lea
ders
of
the C
ivil
War
U
lyss
es
S. G
ran
t – G
ener
al i
n t
he
Unio
n A
rmy
G
eorge M
cC
lell
an
– G
ener
al i
n t
he
Un
ion A
rmy w
ho r
an a
gai
nst
Pre
sid
ent
Lin
coln
in
th
e E
lecti
on
of
1864
(M
cCle
llan
lost
)
R
ob
ert
E. L
ee –
hea
d o
f th
e C
on
fed
erat
e A
rmy
T
ho
ma
s “
Sto
new
all
” J
ack
son
- C
onfe
der
ate
War
Gen
eral
Th
e C
ivil
Wa
r
C
op
perh
ea
ds
–ci
tize
ns
in t
he
nort
h w
ho o
pp
ose
d t
he
Civ
il W
ar a
nd a
dvoca
ted p
eace
.
A
na
con
da
Pla
n –
the
Unio
n’s
pla
n f
or
vic
tory
in t
he
Civ
il W
ar, w
hic
h i
ncl
uded
blo
ck
ad
ing
the
Confe
der
acy’s
mai
n p
ort
s.
F
irst
Ba
ttle
of
Bu
ll R
un
/Ma
na
ssas
(July
18
61
) –
The
firs
t m
ajor
bat
tle
of
the
Civ
il w
ar –
a v
icto
ry
for
the
Confe
der
acy.
A
nti
eta
m (
Sep
tem
ber
186
2)
– T
he
blo
odie
st s
ingle
day
in A
mer
ican
his
tory
, 2
6,0
00
peo
ple
die
d.
E
ma
ncip
ati
on
Procla
ma
tion
(Ja
nuar
y 1
86
3)
– L
inco
ln o
rder
ed a
ll s
laves
beh
ind C
onfe
der
ate
lines
be
free
d.
This
ord
er w
as m
erel
y s
ym
boli
c as
it
free
d v
ery f
ew s
laves
, b
ut
gave
a m
ora
l ca
use
to
th
e
wa
r.
V
ick
sbu
rg
(A
pri
l-Ju
ly 1
86
3)
– G
rant
atta
cked
one
of
the
two c
onfe
der
ate
hold
outs
on t
he
Mis
siss
ipp
i R
iver
. T
he
South
surr
ender
ed t
o G
rant
and i
t b
ecam
e th
e tu
rnin
g p
oin
t in
the
Wes
t.
G
ett
ysb
urg
(Ju
ly 1
863
) –
consi
der
ed t
o b
e th
e tu
rnin
g p
oin
t of
the
Civ
il W
ar. T
he
Unio
n w
on t
his
3 d
ay b
attl
e an
d t
he
south
would
nev
er i
nvad
e th
e n
ort
h a
gai
n.
G
ett
ysb
urg
Ad
dres
s (N
ovem
ber
18
63
) –
a s
pee
ch g
iven
by L
inco
ln a
t th
e ded
icat
ion o
f a
cem
eter
y a
t G
etty
sburg
. L
inco
ln r
emin
ded
th
e nat
ion w
hat
they
wer
e fi
ghti
ng f
or,
“a g
ove
rnm
ent
of
the
peo
ple
, by
the
peo
ple
, an
d f
or
the
peo
ple
.”
S
herm
an
’s M
arch
(186
4)–
Sher
man
’s a
rmy m
arch
ed f
rom
Atl
anta
, nort
h t
o t
he
sea,
wit
h a
theo
ry
of
“to
tal
wa
r” d
estr
oyin
g e
ver
yth
ing i
n i
ts 1
0-m
ile-
wid
e p
ath.
I
n 1
864
Lin
coln
susp
ended
th
e W
rit
of
Ha
beas
Corp
us
– t
he
right
to k
now
wh
y y
ou a
re b
eing
jail
ed.
It c
ause
d m
ore
than
13
,000
confe
der
ate
sym
pat
hiz
ers
to b
e ja
iled
wit
hout
a tr
ial.
A
pp
om
att
ox
Cou
rth
ou
se –
Wher
e th
e C
onfe
der
ates
surr
ender
ed t
o t
he
Unio
n a
t th
e en
d o
f th
e
Civ
il W
ar i
n 1
86
5
O
n A
pri
l 14
th,
19
65
, fi
ve
days
afte
r th
e C
onfe
der
acy s
urr
end
ered
, J
oh
n W
ilk
es
Booth
shot
and
kil
led P
resi
den
t L
inco
ln a
t F
ord
’s T
hea
ter
in W
ashin
gto
n,
DC
.
• H
ow
are
civ
il l
iber
ties
chall
enged
duri
ng t
imes
of
confl
ict
and c
hange?
• H
ow
have
changes
duri
ng R
econst
ruct
ion m
ade
a l
ast
ing i
mpact
on A
mer
ica?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
did
the
Civ
il W
ar
and R
econst
ruct
ion p
osi
tive
ly i
mpact
the
live
s of
form
er s
lave
s, w
om
en,
and l
andle
ss t
enan
ts i
n t
he
US?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
did
the
feder
al
gove
rnm
ent
wie
ld i
ts p
ow
er
ove
r th
e st
ate
s duri
ng a
nd a
fter
the
Civ
il W
ar?
Recon
stru
cti
on
Pla
ns
C
on
gress
ion
al
Recon
stru
cti
on
Led
by T
ha
dd
eu
s S
teven
s an
d t
he
Ra
dic
al
Rep
ub
lica
ns
- a
gro
up
of
rep
ub
lica
ns
who w
ante
d
stri
ct r
ule
s fo
r al
low
ing t
he
south
ern s
tate
s en
try b
ack
into
the
unio
n.
They
wan
ted t
o a
boli
sh s
lave
ry, g
ive
all
men
th
e ri
ght
to v
ote
, ra
tify
the
14
th a
men
dm
ent,
ban
those
who
sup
po
rted
th
e co
nfe
der
acy
fro
m v
oti
ng,
pu
t th
e so
uth
und
er m
ilit
ary
ru
le, an
d
req
uir
e new
sta
te c
onst
itu
tion
s.
Sca
law
ag
s –
most
ly s
outh
ern w
hit
es w
ho s
up
port
ed R
adic
al R
econst
ruct
ion
Ca
rp
etb
agg
ers
– N
ort
her
n R
epub
lica
ns
who c
ame
to t
he
south
to m
ake
mon
ey,
and a
id i
n
Rec
onst
ruct
ion.
P
resi
den
tia
l R
econ
stru
cti
on
Led
by P
resi
den
t A
nd
rew
Joh
nso
n,
this
pla
n w
as m
ore
len
ient
on t
he
south
.
He
wan
ted t
o a
boli
sh s
lave
ry, p
ard
on
sou
ther
ner
s w
ho
sw
ore
all
egia
nce
to t
he
Un
ion,
ho
ld a
con
stit
uti
ona
l co
nve
nti
on
, a
llo
w s
tate
s to
ho
ld e
lect
ion
s to
rej
oin
th
e unio
n, a
nd
rep
ay
the
con
feder
ate
deb
t.
Joh
nso
n’s
Im
peach
men
t
J
ohnso
n w
as i
mp
each
ed w
hen
he
vio
late
d t
he
Ten
ure o
f O
ffic
e A
ct
whic
h s
aid t
hat
the
pre
siden
t
could
not
fire
any o
ffic
ehold
er t
hat
had
rec
eived
Sen
ate
confi
rmat
ion u
nti
l th
e S
enat
e had
app
roved
a su
cces
sor.
Du
rin
g R
econ
stru
cti
on
F
reed
ma
n’s
Bu
rea
u –
set
up
to h
elp
form
er s
laves
S
ha
recr
op
pers
– F
arm
ers
who p
aid l
andow
ner
s w
ith a
shar
e of
thei
r cr
op
.
T
en
an
t fa
rm
ers
– r
ent
was
pai
d t
o a
lan
dow
ner
for
the
use
of
thei
r la
nd,
the
tenan
t fa
rmer
would
then
kee
p a
nd/o
r se
ll g
ood p
roduce
d (
more
fre
edo
m t
han
shar
ecro
pp
ers.
)
En
d o
f R
econ
stru
ctio
n
T
he
Ha
yes-
Til
den
Com
prom
ise o
f 1
877
ended
rec
onst
ruct
ion a
fter
the
much
-deb
ated
Ele
cti
on
of
187
6 e
nded
by p
utt
ing R
epub
lica
n H
ayes
into
off
ice
as P
resi
den
t in
ret
urn
for
rem
ovin
g a
ll t
roop
s
from
the
south
, en
din
g m
ilit
ary r
ule
, an
d t
hus
endin
g t
he
per
iod o
f R
econst
ruct
ion.
B
lack
Cod
es
- a
way
to i
nhib
it t
he
free
do
m o
f ex
-sla
ves
. T
he
codes
con
troll
ed a
lmost
all
asp
ects
of
life
and p
rohib
ited
Afr
ican
Am
eric
ans
from
the
free
do
m t
hat
had
bee
n w
on d
uri
ng R
econst
ruct
ion.
J
im C
row
La
ws
– l
aws
legal
ly s
egre
gat
ing A
fric
an A
mer
ican
s
G
ra
nd
fath
er
Cla
use
– p
ut
voti
ng r
estr
icti
ons
on t
hose
who h
ad n
ot
vote
d b
efore
(sa
id t
hat
you
could
only
vote
if
yo
u g
randfa
ther
had
bee
n a
llow
ed t
o v
ote
.
K
u K
lux
Kla
n –
form
ed i
n 1
86
6,
the
purp
ose
was
to “
def
end t
he
soci
al a
nd p
oli
tica
l su
per
iori
ty”
of
whit
es a
gai
nst
what
they
cal
led t
he
“aggre
ssio
ns
of
an i
nfe
rior
race
.” T
hey
use
d f
ear
and
vio
lence
to a
chie
ve
thei
r goal
s. C
ongre
ss p
asse
d a
ser
ies
of
anti
-kk
k l
aws,
but
was
unab
le t
o
enfo
rce
them
.
•
Whic
h c
hanges
of
the
Civ
il W
ar
and R
econst
ruct
ion e
ra w
ere
short
-liv
ed a
nd w
hic
h h
ave
had a
last
ing i
mpact
?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
did
the
Civ
il W
ar
and R
econst
ruct
ion e
stabli
sh t
he
supre
macy
of
the
nati
onal
gove
rnm
ent?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
have
the
issu
es s
urr
oundin
g t
he
Civ
il W
ar
yet
to b
e re
solv
ed?
1
0th
Am
en
dm
en
t -
The
go
ver
nm
enta
l p
ow
ers
not
list
ed i
n t
he
Const
ituti
on f
or
the
nat
ional
go
ver
nm
ent
are
pow
ers
that
the
stat
es,
or
the
peo
ple
of
those
sta
tes,
can
hav
e.
1
3th
am
en
dm
en
t – o
utl
awed
/ab
oli
shed
sla
ver
y i
n t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s.
1
4th
am
en
dm
en
t – s
tate
d t
hat
all
cit
izen
s hav
e ce
rtai
n r
ights
, an
d d
efin
ed c
itiz
ensh
ip.
1
5th
am
en
dm
en
t – s
tate
d t
hat
no o
ne
could
be
den
ied t
he
right
to v
ote
bas
ed o
n r
ace,
colo
r,
or
pre
vio
us
condit
ion o
f se
rvit
ude.
Civ
il R
igh
ts A
ct
of
18
66
- T
he
act
dec
lare
d t
hat
all
per
sons
born
in t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s w
ere
now
citi
zens,
wit
hout
regar
d t
o r
ace,
colo
r, o
r pre
vio
us
condit
ion.
As
citi
zens
they
could
mak
e an
d
3.0
4 -
Poli
tica
l, e
con
om
ic,
an
d s
oci
al
imp
act
of
Rec
on
stru
ctio
n o
n t
he
nati
on
an
d i
den
tify
the
reaso
ns
wh
y R
econ
stru
ctio
n c
am
e to
an
en
d.
3.0
5 -
Deg
ree
to w
hic
h t
he
Civ
il W
ar
an
d R
eco
nst
ruct
ion
prov
ed
to b
e a t
est
of
the
su-
pre
ma
cy o
f th
e n
ati
on
al
gover
nm
en
t.
14
Goal 4 – The Great West & the Rise of the Debtor
In 1848-1949, millions of people moved west in search of gold
Large deposit of ores (gold, sliver, minerals) were found in Nevada
Heads of household were given 160 acres of land in the west for free, as long as they met certain
conditions (built a house, farmed at least 6 months out of the year, lived there 5 years, etc.)
States sold land to railroad companies in order to earn money to create “land-grant colleges”
Houses built out west made of dirt, grass, mud, sticks; sometimes built into the side of a hill
Built by Irish and Chinese Immigrants, this railroad connected the east coast of the United States to
the West Coast of the United States, meeting at Promontory Point, Utah.
African Americans who moved west after the abolition of slavery to avoid persecution and start a
new life.
Sand Creek Massacre, Battle of Little Big Horn; conflicts over settlers moving west and taking over
land.
The forcing of a different culture or society upon a people or peoples
Attempted to assimilate the Native Americans, divided up plots of land on which they were forced
to live.
Helen Hunt Jackson’s novel which described years of mistreatment of Native Americans.
An organization created to help farmers fight unjust economic practices made up of the National
Farmers Alliance, Southern Farmers Alliance, Colored Farmers Alliance, etc.
The idea that the United States’ money should be backed by only gold; this was good for
businessmen, but bad for farmers in debt
The idea that the United States’ money should be backed by gold and silver; this was good for
farmers who had debts to pay, as it put more money into circulation
Led by William Jennings Bryan, this political party, also known as the “people’s party” which was
formed mostly by farmers. It supported bimetallism and reforms which would help farmers.
Supreme court case which established the state power in regulating the railroads
Supreme court case which established the federal government’s power to regulate the railroads
Reestablished the right to the federal government to regulate the railroads
Leader of the Populist Party, he ran for president in 1896 at which point he delivered his famous
“cross of gold” speech. He lost the election to William McKinley
Barbed Wire, Refrigerator car, Windmill
15
Directions: Explain the experience of the following groups listed below.
Group migrating West
What was their experience like? Why were they moving?
Immigrants
Women
African Americans
Native Americans
Farmers
Miners Ranchers
Directions: Describe the life and experience of each of the professions in the table below.
PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS
Directions: Place the following examples in the chart where they
belong. Remember PUSH factors are negative and PULL fac-
tors are positive.
Escape racial persecution Cheap land
Gold overcrowding in the East
Native American raids Letters from family out west
Over charging of Railroads Advertisement from rail
roads
16
GO
AL
4 –
TH
E G
RE
AT
WE
ST
AN
D T
HE
RIS
E O
F T
HE
DE
BT
OR
(18
60
-189
6)
4.0
1 -
Co
mp
are
an
d c
on
tra
st t
he
dif
feren
t g
rou
ps
of
peo
ple
wh
o m
igra
ted
to t
he
Wes
t a
nd
des
crib
e th
e p
rob
lem
s th
ey e
xp
erie
nce
d.
• W
ho
mig
rate
d W
est
an
d w
ha
t p
rob
lem
s d
id t
hey
exp
erie
nce
?
• H
ow
did
th
e ex
per
ien
ces
of
the
sett
lers
im
pa
ct t
hei
r su
cces
ses
or
fail
ure
s?
• W
hy
did
dif
fere
nt
gro
up
s o
f p
eop
le h
ave
su
ch v
ari
ed e
xper
ien
ces
as
they
mig
rate
d?
Wes
twa
rd M
igra
tio
n
C
om
sto
ck L
od
e/G
old
Ru
sh –
Peo
ple
rush
ed w
est
sta
rtin
g i
n 1
84
9 (
the
49
ers)
in h
op
es o
f b
eco
min
g r
ich o
ff o
f go
ld a
nd
oth
er o
res.
The
Co
m-
sto
ck L
od
e, a
huge
silv
er-m
inin
g a
rea
in N
evad
a, y
ield
ed a
bo
ut
$3
00
mil
lio
n
in s
ilver
and
go
ld o
re,
star
tin
g i
n 1
85
9.
H
om
este
ad
Act
– c
reat
ed i
n 1
86
2,
it w
as s
igned
into
eff
ect
by P
resi
den
t L
in-
coln
, se
llin
g l
and
in t
he
wes
t to
peo
ple
fo
r li
ttle
mo
ney.
Set
tler
s had
to
liv
e o
n
thei
r la
nd
fo
r 5
yea
rs,
buil
d a
ho
use
, and
far
m o
n t
he
land
at
leas
t 6
mo
nth
s
out
of
the
yea
r.
M
orr
ill
La
nd
Gra
nt
Act
(1
86
2)
– g
ave
mil
lio
ns
of
acre
s o
f la
nd
to
sta
tes.
They
wer
e to
sel
l th
is l
and
and
use
the
mo
ney t
o c
reat
e co
lleg
es.
(la
nd
-
gra
nt
coll
eges
)
O
kla
ho
ma
La
nd
Ru
sh -
in 1
88
9, T
he
Okla
ho
ma
Land
Ru
sh o
pen
ed t
he
Okla
ho
ma
Ter
rito
ry t
o o
ccup
atio
n b
y w
hit
e se
ttle
rs,
dis
pla
cing t
he
n
a-
tives
. T
he
nic
knam
e “S
oo
ner
s” c
am
e fr
om
the
land
rush
, as
ever
yo
ne
trie
d t
o
get
ther
e so
oner
than e
ver
yo
ne e
lse.
S
ettl
ers
in t
he
west
wo
uld
oft
en t
imes
buil
d s
od
ho
use
s, o
r so
dd
ies,
whic
h
wer
e ho
use
s b
uil
t o
f m
ud
and
gra
ss,
som
etim
es r
ight
into
the s
ide
of
a hil
l.
Un
iqu
e E
xp
erie
nce
s of:
W
om
en –
wer
e giv
en m
ore
fre
edom
s in
the
wes
t, i
ncl
udin
g v
oti
ng.
C
ow
boys
– l
ed a
har
sh, outd
oor
life
. 1/5
of
cow
boys
wer
e A
fric
an A
mer
i-
can o
r M
exic
an.
F
arm
ers
– h
ad a
dif
ficu
lt t
ime
adju
stin
g t
o t
he
clim
ate
of
the
wes
t an
d
wer
e oft
en f
orc
ed t
o m
ove
bac
k e
ast
if t
hei
r fa
rms
wer
e n
ot
succ
essf
ul.
A
fric
an
Am
eric
an
s w
ho m
oved
wes
t ca
lled
them
selv
es E
xodu
ster
s, a
fter
the
book o
f E
xodus
in w
hic
h t
he
Jew
s fl
ed E
gypt.
C
hin
ese
Imm
igra
nts
– c
ame
in t
hro
ugh t
he
wes
t co
ast
(Angel
Isl
and)
and
wer
e in
volv
ed w
ith
the
buil
din
g o
f th
e P
acif
ic s
ide
of
the
tr
ansc
onti
-
nen
tal
rail
road
.
I
rish
Im
mig
ran
ts –
cam
e in
to t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s th
rough t
he
east
coas
t
(Ell
is I
slan
d)
and w
ere
involv
ed w
ith t
he
buil
din
g o
f th
e
A
tlan
tic
side
of
the
tran
sconti
nen
tal
rail
road
.
4.0
2 -
Im
pa
ct t
ha
t se
ttle
men
t in
th
e W
est
ha
d u
po
n d
iffe
ren
t g
rou
ps
of
peo
ple
an
d u
po
n t
he
env
iro
nm
en
t.
• H
ow
did
th
e en
viro
nm
ent
of
the
Wes
t im
pact
th
e su
cces
s o
f th
e se
ttle
rs?
• H
ow
did
th
e m
igra
tio
n o
f p
eop
le b
rin
g a
bo
ut
chan
ge
in t
he
Wes
t?
• W
ha
t ca
use
d i
nd
ivid
ua
ls o
r g
roup
s to
mig
rate
?
• W
as
the
impa
ct o
f se
ttle
men
t in
the
Wes
t po
siti
ve o
r neg
ati
ve?
• H
ow
do
ind
ivid
uals
adap
t to
thei
r su
rro
und
ing
s?
Tra
nsc
on
tin
en
tal
Rail
roa
d
B
uil
t b
y p
rim
aril
y I
rish
an
d C
hin
ese
imm
igra
nts
, th
is c
ross
-con
tin
enta
l ra
ilro
ad
con
nec
ted
th
e ea
st c
oas
t an
d t
he
wes
t co
ast,
co
min
g t
oget
her
at
Pro
mo
nto
ry P
oin
t,
Uta
h.
Afr
ica
n A
meri
can
s
B
uff
alo
sold
iers
-
form
er s
laves
, fr
eem
en,
and
bla
ck C
ivil
War
vet
eran
s w
ho
fo
rmed
the
firs
t b
lack
pea
ceti
me
regim
ent
in U
S h
isto
ry
Nati
ve
Am
eric
an
s
D
aw
es S
ever
alt
y A
ct –
att
emp
ted
to “
civil
ize”
th
e N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
s, f
orc
ing d
o
min
ant
wh
ite
cult
ure
on
to t
he
Nat
ive
Am
eric
ans.
Th
e ac
t gav
e 1
60 a
cres
of
lan
d t
o
each
Nat
ive
Am
eric
an h
ou
seho
ld, h
op
ing t
hat
by o
wn
ing t
hei
r o
wn
lan
d t
he
Nat
ive
Am
eric
ans
wo
uld
be
com
e se
lf-s
uff
icie
nt.
Ho
wev
er,
the
Nat
ive
Am
eric
ans
wer
e giv
en
bad
lan
d a
nd
man
y e
nd
ed u
p s
elli
ng i
t o
r h
avin
g i
t ta
ken
over
by t
he
wh
ites
.
Ass
imil
ati
on
– p
oli
cies
att
emp
ted
to t
ran
sfo
rm N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
s in
to “
citi
zen
s”
by s
trip
pin
g t
hem
of
thei
r la
nd
s, c
ult
ure
s, l
angu
ages
, re
ligio
ns,
and
oth
er m
arker
s
of
thei
r et
hnic
id
enti
ty
W
hit
e se
ttle
rs o
ften
att
acked
th
e b
uff
alo
, w
hic
h w
as e
ssen
tial
to
the
Nat
ive
Am
eric
an’s
liv
elih
oo
d.
R
eser
vati
on
Sy
stem
– g
over
nm
ent
assi
gn
ed l
and
fo
r N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
tri
bes
th
at t
hey
wer
e o
ften
fo
rced
on
to.
C
on
flic
ts w
ith
Nati
ve
Am
eri
can
s
S
an
d C
reek
Mass
acre
– t
he
Ch
eyen
ne
had
att
acked
set
tler
s n
ear
Den
ver
. A
s a
resu
lt t
he
US
arm
y w
as o
rder
ed t
o s
et u
p a
t S
and
Cre
ek.
Th
e U
S a
rmy a
ttac
ked
and
kil
led
ab
ou
t 50
0 C
hey
enn
e, m
ost
ly w
om
en a
nd
ch
ild
ren
.
B
att
le o
f L
ittl
e B
ig H
orn
– A
fter
mu
ch c
on
flic
t b
etw
een
th
e S
iou
x a
nd
set
tler
s in
the
wes
t a
pea
ce t
reat
y w
as s
ign
ed g
ivin
g l
and
to
th
e S
iou
x.
In 1
876
ru
mo
rs o
f
go
ld c
ause
d t
he
US
arm
y t
o s
end
Gen
eral
Cu
ster
to
lo
ok f
or
it. F
ighti
ng e
nsu
ed
and
20
00
Sio
ux w
arri
ors
kil
led
Cu
ster
an
d h
is m
en –
th
is b
ecam
e k
no
wn
as
“Cu
ster
’s L
ast
Sta
nd
.”
W
ou
nd
ed
Kn
ee –
Th
e la
st o
f th
is I
nd
ian
War
s, t
his
bat
tle
occ
urr
ed a
s th
e U
S
Arm
y t
ried
to
arr
est
Sit
tin
g B
ull
. H
e h
esit
ated
an
d w
as k
ille
d b
y U
S s
old
iers
,
cau
sin
g h
is f
oll
ow
ers
to s
urr
end
er.
Man
y o
f S
itti
ng B
ull
’s f
oll
ow
ers
die
d a
s
sold
iers
op
ened
fir
e.
H
elen
Hu
nt
Jack
son
’s A
Cen
tury
of
Dis
hon
or
– d
escr
ibed
ho
w N
ativ
e A
mer
ican
s
wer
e m
istr
eate
d b
y t
he
US
go
ver
nm
ent.
17
4.0
3 -
Cau
ses
an
d e
ffec
ts o
f th
e fi
nan
cial
dif
ficu
ltie
s th
at
pla
gu
ed
the
Am
eric
an
farm
er a
nd
tra
ce t
he
rise
an
d d
ecli
ne
of
Pop
uli
sm.
• H
ow
and
why
was
the
pli
ght
of
the
Am
eric
an f
arm
er s
o d
iffe
ren
t fr
om
tha
t o
f o
ther
Am
eric
an
s?
• W
hy
did
so
many
farm
ers
supp
ort
Po
puli
sm?
• H
ow
can
eco
no
mic
all
y op
pre
ssed
gro
up
s m
ake
thei
r vo
ices
hea
rd p
oli
tica
lly?
G
old
sta
nd
ard
(G
old
bu
gs)
– b
anker
s and
busi
nes
smen w
ho
wante
d l
ess
mo
ney i
n
circ
ula
tio
n.
Lo
ans
wo
uld
be
rep
aid
wit
h s
tab
le m
oney,
def
lati
on w
ould
cau
se
pri
ces
to f
all
and
the
val
ue
of
mo
ney w
ould
incr
ease
; ho
wev
er,
few
er p
eop
le
wo
uld
have
mo
ney.
B
imet
all
ism
– a
mo
net
ary s
yst
em
in w
hic
h t
he
go
ver
nm
ent
wo
uld
giv
e ci
tize
ns
eith
er g
old
or
silv
er i
n e
xchan
ge
for
pap
er c
urr
ency o
r ch
eck
s. P
eop
le w
ho
sup
po
rted
bim
eta
llis
m w
ere
call
ed s
ilv
erit
es.
They
wer
e fa
rmer
s/la
bo
rers
fro
m t
he
south
and
the
west
who
wante
d m
ore
mo
ney i
n c
ircu
lati
on i
n o
rder
to
sel
l p
rod
uct
s
for
hig
her
pri
ces.
In
flat
ion w
ould
rai
se p
rice
s an
d t
he
val
ue
of
mo
ney w
ou
ld
dec
reas
e. M
ore
peo
ple
wo
uld
hav
e m
ore
mo
ney.
M
un
n v
. Il
lin
ois
(1
87
7)
– s
tate
d t
hat
the
stat
es h
ave
the
po
wer
to
reg
ula
te
Rai
lro
ads
and
co
mm
erce
.
W
ab
ash
v.
Illi
no
is (
18
86
) –
sta
ted
that
the
fed
eral
go
ver
nm
ent
has
the
po
wer
to
regula
te c
om
mer
ce.
I
nte
rsta
te C
om
mer
ce A
ct (
18
87
) –
enac
ted
to
reg
ula
te r
ailr
oad
pri
ces.
Po
pu
lism
(P
op
uli
st P
art
y)
T
he
Gra
ng
e –
an o
rgan
izat
ion f
or
farm
ers
to u
nit
e vo
ice
conce
rn a
nd
fig
ht
for
rights
. T
his
gave
them
mo
re p
ow
er (
po
wer
in n
um
ber
s).
C
om
po
sed
of
the
Na
tio
na
l F
arm
ers’
All
ian
ces,
So
uth
ern
All
ian
ce,
and
the
Co
lore
d F
arm
ers
All
ian
ce.
E
cono
mic
Refo
rms
– w
an
ted
to
in
crea
se t
he
mo
ney
sup
ply
in
ord
er t
o r
ais
e
pri
ces
an
d m
ake
mo
re m
on
ey f
or
farm
ers
thro
ug
h b
imet
all
ism
. T
hey
als
o
wa
nte
d a
fed
era
l in
com
e ta
x an
d a
fed
era
l lo
an
pro
gra
m.
G
over
nm
ent
Refo
rms
– w
an
ted
th
e el
ecti
on
of
US
sen
ato
rs t
o b
e b
y p
opu
lar
vote
, a
sec
ret
ba
llo
t to
en
d v
oti
ng
fra
ud
, a
nd a
n 8
ho
ur
wo
rkd
ay,
an
d
rest
rict
ion
s o
n i
mm
igra
tio
n.
Ele
ctio
n o
f 1
896
W
illi
am
Jen
nin
gs
Bry
an
of
the
Po
puli
st P
arty
ran
fo
r p
resi
den
t o
n a
bim
eta
llis
m
pla
tfo
rm.
H
e gav
e th
e “
Cro
ss o
f G
old
” S
pee
ch,
stat
ing t
hat
““
Yo
u s
ha
ll n
ot
cru
cify
ma
nki
nd
up
on a
cro
ss o
f g
old
” t
he
idea
bei
ng t
hat
the
go
ld s
tan
da
rd w
ould
kil
l A
mer
ica.
W
illi
am
Jen
nin
gs
Bry
an l
ost
to
Pre
sid
ent
Wil
liam
McK
inle
y w
ho
had
the
sup
po
rt o
f th
e b
usi
ness
es
and
ind
ust
rial
po
pula
tio
n o
f th
e no
rth.
4.0
4 -
In
no
va
tio
ns
in a
gri
cult
ura
l te
ch
no
log
y a
nd
bu
sin
ess
pra
ctic
es a
nd
ass
ess
thei
r im
pa
ct o
n t
he
Wes
t.
• H
ow
ca
n t
ech
no
log
ica
l in
nova
tio
ns
cha
ng
e so
ciet
y?
• W
hy
did
th
e a
gri
cult
ura
l in
no
vati
on
s a
nd
tec
hno
log
ica
l d
evel
op
men
ts i
mp
act
g
rou
ps
of
peo
ple
in
dif
fere
nt
wa
ys?
• H
ow
did
th
e ex
iste
nce
of
the
fro
nti
er i
mp
act
th
e te
chn
olo
gic
al
dev
elo
pm
ent
of
the
U
.S.?
I
nd
ust
riali
zati
on
– t
he
bu
ild
ing u
p o
f in
du
stri
es a
nd
th
eref
ore
cit
ies
wit
h
busi
nes
s an
d f
acto
ries
.
V
erti
cal
Inte
gra
tion
– t
akin
g o
ver
an
in
du
stry
by o
wn
ing e
ver
y p
has
e o
f
pro
duct
ion o
f a
pro
duct
. (T
hin
k:
ow
nin
g a
ll o
f th
e p
has
es o
f p
rod
uct
ion
of
stee
l, f
rom
the
farm
s th
e o
re i
s fo
un
d i
n, al
l th
e w
ay t
o t
he
ship
s th
at s
end
the
final
pro
duct
aro
und
the
wo
rld
.)
H
ori
zon
tal
Inte
gra
tio
n –
tak
ing o
ver
an
in
dust
ry b
y o
wn
ing a
ll o
f th
e
busi
nes
ses
on t
he
sam
e le
vel
. (T
hin
k:
ow
nin
g a
ll o
f th
e o
il c
om
pan
ies
in
the
US
.)
B
arb
ed w
ire –
hel
ped
far
mer
s se
ctio
n o
ff t
hei
r la
nd
and
kee
p o
ut
unw
ante
d l
ives
tock
(or
kee
p i
n t
hei
r o
wn
liv
esto
ck).
Th
e in
ven
tio
n o
f th
e
bar
bed
wir
e “c
lose
the
open
ra
ng
e,”
mak
ing i
t im
po
ssib
le f
or
wil
d b
uff
alo
to r
oam
.
R
efri
ger
ato
r ca
r –
all
ow
ed f
or
mu
ch m
ore
co
st e
ffic
ien
t tr
ansf
er o
f go
od
s
acro
ss t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s. N
ow
cat
tle
could
be
slau
gh
tere
d o
n t
hei
r ra
nch
and t
he
mea
t pre
serv
ed a
s it
tra
vel
ed t
o i
ts f
inal
des
tinat
ion
, in
stea
d o
f
sendin
g t
he
enti
re c
ow
.
W
ind
mil
l –
all
ow
ed f
arm
ers
to u
se t
he
po
wer
of
the
win
d t
o r
un
mac
hin
es,
per
form
ing t
asks
like
gri
nd
ing g
rain
.
18
Elevator, Electric Trolleys, Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell), Typewriter, Bessemer Process (Steel)
Immigrants from the Southern and Eastern parts of Europe who moved to the U.S. knowing little of the culture
or language.
Early immigrants from the Northern and Western parts of Europe who were more educated and spoke English.
Author of How the Other Half Lives, a book describing the living conditions of urban immigrant families.
Entrance port for the majority of European immigrants in New York
Community centers developed to aid primarily urban immigrant families made famous by leaders such as Jane
Addams
Urban housing developed based on the idea that more windows made for better ventilation and sanitation
Law in effect from 1882-1943 excluding almost all immigrants from China from entering into the United
States
Capitan of Industry or Robber Barron in the steel industry
Andrew Carnegie’s idea that people should be able to make as much money as they can/want to, but they must
give back to the community.
Banker who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time
Capitan of Industry or Robber Barron who controlled much of the oil industry
Family in control of much of the railroad industry
Time period in which the extreme wealth of a few masked the poverty and corruption in the majority of society
Big businessmen and industrialists who were seen as making positive contributions to society
Big businessmen and industrialists who through unfair business practices amassed immense personal wealth
Organization of workers who banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and
working conditions
Law which placed most federal government employees on the merit system and therefore marked the end of
the "spoils system."
Law which aimed to regulate businesses to stop monopolistic practices, but was instead aimed at labor unions
Lead by a “boss”, this corrupt organization depended on the support of immigrants who receive jobs and
services in return for political votes
Leader of the Tammany Hall political machine in New York City
Cartoonist who frequently made Boss Tweed the subject of his drawings, showing the corruption of political
machines
Illegal manipulation of contracts by a construction and finance company associated with the building of the
Union Pacific Railroad during President Grant’s administration
Illegal diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and
distributors during President Grant’s administration
Also known as the "'Sugar Trust Case,'" was a United States Supreme Court case that limited the government's
power to control monopolies
Founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the
World (IWW)
Agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees, as a condition of
employment, not to be a member of a labor union
Goal 5 – Becoming an Industrial Society
19
Rapid Industrialization
Inventions
Poor Working and Living
Conditions Crime
Migration from Farms
Unsanitary Ghettos
Immigration
Taking Advantage of Immigrants
Political Machines Big Business
Attempting to Force Change…
Labor Unions and Strikes
20
GO
AL
5 –
BE
CO
MIN
G A
N I
ND
US
TR
IAL
SO
CIE
TY
(18
77
-19
00
)
• H
ow
did
im
mig
rati
on a
nd i
ndust
riali
zati
on s
hape
urb
an l
ife?
• H
ow
did
the
rapid
indust
riali
zati
on o
f th
e G
ilded
Age
crea
te e
conom
ic,
soci
al,
and p
oli
tica
l ch
ange
in t
he
U.S
.?
• D
id i
mm
igra
tion a
nd r
apid
indust
ria
liza
tion h
ave
a p
osi
tive
or
neg
ati
ve i
mpact
?
Imm
igra
tio
n
A
rriv
ing i
n A
mer
ica
1
0 m
illi
on i
mm
igra
nts
bet
wee
n 1
865 a
nd 1
890 f
rom
no
rthw
est
and c
entr
al E
uro
pe.
Thes
e “o
ld i
mm
igra
nts
” w
ere
Eng
lish
-sp
eak
ing
and h
ad a
his
tory
of
vo
ting.
1
0 m
illi
on i
mm
igra
nts
bet
wee
n 1
890 a
nd 1
920 f
rom
so
uth
ern a
nd e
ast
ern E
uro
pe.
Wer
e co
nsi
der
ed t
he
“new
im
mig
rants
”
M
ost
im
mig
rants
cam
e in
to t
he
U.S
. th
rough “
Th
e G
old
en D
oor”
– N
ew Y
ork
Cit
y a
t E
llis
Isl
an
d.
A s
mall
nu
mber
of
imm
igra
nts
(m
ost
ly f
rom
Asi
a) c
am
e th
rough A
ngel
Isla
nd i
n S
an F
rancis
co.
Wh
ere
Imm
igra
nts
Set
tled
I
mm
igra
nts
oft
en m
oved
to u
rban
are
as p
revio
usl
y e
stab
lish
ed b
y s
ettl
ers
fro
m t
heir
ho
mela
nd.
S
om
e im
mig
rants
mo
ved
wes
t, b
ut
only
2%
of
imm
igra
nts
mo
ved
to t
he
So
uth
.
G
het
tos,
are
as i
n w
hic
h o
ne
ethnic
or
raci
al gro
up d
om
inat
ed,
form
ed i
n m
any u
rban a
reas
. Im
mig
rants
fo
und c
om
fort
in l
ivin
g i
n a
co
mm
unit
y w
ith a
fam
ilia
r la
nguag
e an
d t
radit
ions.
Ch
ines
e E
xclu
ded
A
quar
ter
mil
lio
n (
250,0
00)
Chin
ese
im
mig
rants
cam
e to
the
U.S
. to
work
on t
he
railro
ads.
C
hin
ese
im
mig
rants
acc
epte
d lo
w w
ages
, w
hic
h m
ade
them
valu
able
em
plo
yees
. A
mer
ican l
abo
r unio
ns
fought
to e
xclu
de
Chin
ese
imm
igra
nts
fro
m t
he
wo
rk f
orc
e.
C
ongre
ss r
espo
nded
to t
he
dem
ands
of
labo
r unio
ns
by p
assi
ng t
he
Ch
ines
e E
xclu
sion
Act
in 1
882. U
nti
l 1943,
Chin
ese
imm
igra
nts
w
ere
no
t al
low
ed t
o m
ove
to t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s.
U
rb
an
iza
tio
n
E
xp
an
din
g C
itie
s
B
ecau
se o
f m
echaniz
atio
n t
he
nee
d f
or
labo
r o
n f
arm
s dec
rease
d.
Bet
wee
n 1
880 a
nd 1
920,
11 m
illi
on A
mer
icans
left
their
far
ms
and
m
oved
to
urb
an a
reas
to
see
k o
ut
bet
ter
oppo
rtunit
ies.
How
Cit
ies
Gre
w
I
n t
he
late
1800s,
mo
tori
zed
met
ho
ds
of
tran
spo
rtat
ion m
ade
com
muti
ng e
asie
r. T
rain
s, c
able
car
s, e
lect
ric
tro
lleys,
and t
he
auto
mo
bil
e (1
910)
allo
wed
peo
ple
to
liv
e in
su
bu
rbs
and c
om
mute
into
a l
arge
cit
y t
o w
ork
.
W
hen c
itie
s co
uld
n’t
expan
d f
arth
er o
ut,
they s
tart
ed b
uil
din
g u
p.
Eng
inee
ring a
dvances
and t
he
inventi
on o
f th
e el
evato
r all
ow
ed
bu
ild
ings
to s
tand m
ore
than
50 f
eet
tall.
In 1
885 t
he
firs
t sk
ysc
rap
er
was
bu
ilt.
It
was
10 s
tori
es
tall
.
F
act
ory
Work
I
n m
any i
ndust
ries
, w
ork
ers
wer
e not
pai
d b
y t
he
ho
ur,
but
by h
ow
much t
hey p
roduce
d.
This
syst
em
of
pie
cew
ork
mea
nt
that
the
fast
est
wo
rker
s ea
rned
the
mo
st m
oney.
M
ost
pie
cew
ork
was
per
form
ed i
n s
wea
tsh
op
s, w
her
e em
plo
yee
s w
ork
ed lo
ng h
ours
fo
r lo
w w
ages
in p
oor
cond
itio
ns.
U
rban
Liv
ing C
on
dit
ion
s
S
om
e fa
cto
ry w
ork
ers
lived
in h
ousi
ng s
pecif
icall
y b
uilt
for
them
by f
act
ory
ow
ner
s.
T
enem
ents
wer
e lo
w-c
ost
apar
tment
bu
ild
ing
s ho
use
d a
s m
any f
am
ilie
s as
the
ow
ner
co
uld
pac
k i
n.
P
over
ty,
over
cro
wdin
g,
and u
nsa
nit
ary c
ond
itio
ns
wer
e co
mm
on.
Fir
es
wer
e a
const
ant
worr
y.
Wit
h s
o m
any b
uil
din
gs
pac
ked
to-
get
her
, a
small
fir
e qu
ick
ly s
pre
ad.
G
reat
Ch
icago F
ire
(1871)
– 1
8,0
00 b
uild
ing
s bu
rned
, 250 p
eople
die
d,
and 1
00,0
00 p
eople
left
ho
mele
ss.
D
um
bb
ell
ten
emen
ts w
ere
crea
ted i
n o
rder
to l
et e
ver
y r
oo
m h
ave
a w
indo
w a
nd a
llo
w m
ore
air
flo
w.
The
tho
ught
was
that
this
w
ould
red
uce
the
spre
ad o
f d
isea
se i
n c
itie
s.
S
ocia
l R
efo
rm
Th
e S
oci
al
Gosp
el M
ovem
ent
A
so
cia
l re
form
mo
vem
ent
dev
elo
ped
by t
he
churc
hes
whic
h p
rovid
ed s
ocia
l se
rvic
es f
or
the
poo
r.
T
he
mo
vem
ent
focu
sed o
n i
deals
of
char
ity a
nd j
ust
ice
and t
hey f
oug
ht
for
labo
r re
form
.
S
ettl
emen
t H
ou
ses
L
ed b
y J
an
e A
dd
am
s and E
llen G
ates
Sta
r, y
oung
educa
ted w
om
en a
nd m
en w
ou
ld m
ove
into
a h
ouse
in t
he
mid
st o
f a
poor
neig
hbo
rho
od. T
hey w
ou
ld s
ettl
e in
, and t
hen
eventu
ally
off
er s
ocia
l se
rvic
es.
S
ettl
emen
t h
ou
se f
ounder
s beli
eved
that
mo
ney a
lone
could
no
t re
all
y h
elp
the
poo
r. T
he
ho
use
s o
ffere
d c
ult
ura
l events
, cl
asse
s, c
hil
d
care
, cl
ubs,
cam
ps,
jo
b-h
elp
, le
gal
help
, an
d h
ealt
h c
are.
Mo
dern
iza
tio
n
In
ven
tion
s &
In
ven
tors
I
ndo
or
elec
tric
lig
hti
ng w
as i
nvente
d i
n 1
865.
(Thom
as
Edis
on l
ater
invente
d t
he
lig
ht
bu
lb)
O
il s
tart
ed b
ein
g u
sed f
or
po
wer
. (E
dw
in L
. D
rake
dis
cover
ed o
il i
n P
A)
S
am
uel
F.B
. M
ors
e per
fect
ed t
he
tele
gra
ph a
nd M
ors
e co
de
whic
h g
rew
wit
h t
he
railro
ad.
A
lexand
er G
raham
Bell
invente
d t
he
tele
pho
ne
in 1
876.
By 1
900,
1.5
mil
lio
n t
ele
pho
nes
wer
e in
use
.
T
ypew
rite
r cr
eate
d jo
bs
for
wo
men.
• W
hat
chara
cter
isti
cs w
ere
vit
al
to t
he
succ
ess
of
indust
rial
leader
s of
the
Gil
ded
Age?
• H
ow
did
capta
ins
of
indust
ry a
ccum
ula
te w
ealt
h a
nd p
ow
er?
• Should
an i
ndiv
idual
be
all
ow
ed t
o a
ccum
ula
te a
s m
uch
wea
lth a
s poss
ible
?
Th
e B
ess
em
er P
rocess
T
he
Bes
sem
er P
roce
ss m
ade
it p
oss
ible
to m
ass
pro
duce
ste
el
and r
em
ove
the
imper
fect
ions
as s
teel
is
lighte
r,
stro
nger
, an
d m
ore
fle
xib
le t
han i
ron (
whic
h w
as p
revio
usl
y u
sed f
or
buil
din
g)
Ro
bb
er B
aro
ns
vs.
“C
ap
tain
s of
Ind
ust
ry”
B
oth
are
po
werf
ul
ind
ust
riali
sts
who e
stab
lish
ed l
arge
busi
nes
ses
in t
he
1800s
R
ob
ber B
aro
ns
imp
lies
that
so
meo
ne
got
their
mo
ney b
y s
teal
ing f
rom
the
pub
lic
– t
hey
ruth
less
ly d
rove
their
com
pet
ito
rs i
nto
the
gro
und
. T
hey p
aid
their
work
ers
mea
ger
wages
and l
ive
in u
nhea
lthy c
ond
itio
ns.
“
Ca
pta
ins
of
Ind
ust
ry
” s
ugges
ts t
hat
the
busi
nes
s le
aders
ser
ved
their
nati
on i
n a
posi
tive
way.
It i
mp
lies
that
they r
ais
ed p
rod
uct
ivit
y,
crea
ted j
obs,
and e
stab
lish
ed m
use
um
s, l
ibra
ries
, an
d u
niv
ers
itie
s.
J
oh
n D
. R
ock
efe
ller c
reat
ed t
he
Sta
ndard
Oil
Co
mpany i
n 1
870.
His
pra
ctic
es m
ay h
ave
bee
n q
ues
tio
nab
le a
t
firs
t, b
ut
by t
he
tim
e o
f h
is d
eath
he
had
giv
en o
ver
$50
0 m
illi
on d
oll
ars
to c
har
itie
s.
A
nd
rew
Ca
rn
eg
ie w
as e
xtr
em
ely
succ
essf
ul
in t
he
stee
l b
usi
nes
s. H
e pre
ached
a “
gosp
el
of
wealt
h,”
that
peo
ple
sho
uld
mak
e as
much m
oney a
s th
ey c
an,
but
then g
ive
it a
way.
More
than 8
0%
of
Car
negie
’s w
ealt
h
wen
t to
so
me
form
of
educa
tio
n.
As
wit
h R
ock
efe
ller
, m
any p
eop
le q
ues
tio
ned
and d
isap
pro
ved
of
his
met
hods
of
gain
ing
such w
ealt
h.
Socia
l D
arw
inis
m
C
arneg
ie s
ug
ges
ted
that
the
wea
lthy w
ere
the
most
valu
able
gro
up i
n s
oci
ety
. T
he
idea
cam
e fr
om
Charl
es
Dar
win
’s t
heo
ry o
f evo
luti
on (
nat
ura
l se
lect
ion,
surv
ival
of
the
fitt
est)
. T
he
theo
ry t
hat
only
the
most
wea
lthy
and
“fi
t” w
ou
ld s
ucc
eed
was
dee
med
socia
l D
arw
inis
m.
M
ost
Am
eric
ans
beli
eved
that
the
go
vern
men
t sh
ould
n’t
inte
rfer
e w
ith p
rivat
e b
usi
nes
s an
d a
s a
resu
lt,
the
go
vern
men
t d
idn’t
tax
go
vern
ment
pro
fit
or
regula
te r
ela
tio
ns
wit
h w
ork
ers.
(W
hen t
he
go
ver
nm
ent
does
not
inte
rfere
wit
h b
usi
nes
s it
is
know
n a
s la
isse
z-fa
ire “
han
ds
off
” g
over
nm
ent.
)
Oli
go
poli
es
an
d M
on
op
oli
es
A
mar
ket
do
min
ated
by j
ust
a f
ew l
arge
com
panie
s is
cal
led a
n o
lig
op
oly
(ce
real
com
pan
ies,
car
s, e
tc.)
A
mo
no
po
ly i
s w
hen a
co
mpany h
as c
om
ple
te c
ontr
ol
over
a m
ark
et o
r se
rvic
e. A
co
mpan
y i
s so
big
and
po
wer
ful
that
it w
ou
ld h
ave
dri
ven a
ll c
om
pet
itio
n o
ut.
Law
s w
ere
pas
sed i
n t
he
late
1800s
to p
revent
cert
ain
mo
no
po
list
ic p
ract
ices
.
C
arn
eg
ie S
teel
bec
am
e so
wea
lthy a
nd p
ow
erfu
l th
at C
arnegie
dec
ided
to b
uy a
ll o
f th
e co
mpanie
s
that
perf
orm
ed a
ll o
f th
e p
has
es o
f st
eel
pro
duct
ion,
fro
m t
he
min
es t
o t
he
furn
aces
and
mil
ls.
He
even b
ou
gh
t th
e sh
ipp
ing a
nd r
ail
lin
es f
or
tran
sport
. G
ain
ing c
ontr
ol
of
all
asp
ects
of
a p
rod
uct
’s
dev
elo
pm
ent
is k
now
n a
s verti
cal
inte
grati
on
(con
soli
dati
on
).
T
he S
tan
da
rd
Oil
Com
pa
ny
, ow
ned
by R
ock
efe
ller
, bec
am
e so
lar
ge
and p
ow
erfu
l th
at i
t dec
ided
to b
uy a
ll o
f it
s co
mpeti
tors
’ oil
refi
neri
es.
Bri
ngin
g t
ogeth
er m
any f
irm
s w
ithin
the
sam
e b
usi
nes
s
is c
alle
d h
oriz
on
tal
inte
gra
tion
(con
soli
da
tion
).
I
n o
rder
to
get
aro
un
d m
onopo
ly l
aws
when i
nte
gra
ting (
conso
lidat
ing)
the
Sta
ndard
Oil
Co
mpany,
Rock
efe
ller
form
ed a
tru
st.
The
trust
all
ow
ed t
he
com
pan
ies
to c
om
e to
get
her
under
a “
boar
d o
f tr
ust
ees”
who c
ontr
oll
ed
op
erat
ions,
but
no
t o
ffic
iall
y m
erg
e (w
hic
h a
vo
ided
the
law
s again
st a
mo
nopo
ly)
I
n a
n a
ttem
pt
to l
imit
the
contr
ol
a b
usi
nes
s co
uld
have
over
an i
nd
ust
ry,
Pre
sident
Benja
min
Harr
iso
n p
asse
d
the
Sh
erm
an
An
titr
ust
Act
in 1
890,
outl
aw
ing a
ny c
om
bin
atio
n o
f co
mpanie
s th
at r
est
rain
ed i
nte
rsta
te t
rade
or
com
mer
ce.
The
act
was
no
t su
cces
sful
at f
irst
, as
it
wen
t aft
er
lab
or
unio
ns
inst
ead o
f m
onopo
lies
.
Th
e G
ild
ed
Ag
e
A
ter
m c
oin
ed b
y M
ark
Tw
ain
to d
escr
ibe
the
post
-Rec
onst
ruct
ion e
ra –
“G
ilded
” m
eans
‘cover
ed w
ith a
thin
layer
of
go
ld’
Th
is w
as a
go
lden p
erio
d f
or
Am
eri
ca’s
ind
ust
riali
sts
– t
he
term
sugges
ts t
hat
a t
hin
layer
of
go
ld
covere
d t
he
po
ver
ty a
nd
co
rrupti
on i
n s
ocie
ty.
T
he
wea
lth o
f th
e in
dust
ries
help
ed t
o m
ask
the
pro
ble
ms
face
d b
y i
mm
igra
nts
, la
bo
rers
, an
d f
arm
ers,
as
wel
l as
the
abuse
of
po
wer
in b
usi
nes
s an
d g
overn
ment.
Ob
ject
ive
5.0
1 –
Evalu
ate
th
e in
flu
ence
of
imm
igra
tion
an
d i
nd
ust
riali
zati
on
on
urb
an
lif
e
Ob
ject
ive
5.0
2 –
Exp
lain
how
bu
sin
esse
s a
nd
in
du
stri
al
lead
ers
acc
um
ula
ted
wea
lth
an
d w
ield
ed
poli
tica
l a
nd
eco
nom
ic p
ow
er
21
•
Why
soci
al,
eco
no
mic
, a
nd
po
liti
cal
fact
ors
led
to t
he
nee
d f
or
the
form
ati
on o
f la
bo
r u
nio
ns?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t w
ere
lab
or
un
ions
effe
ctiv
e in
mee
ting t
he
poli
tica
l, e
conom
ic,
an
d s
oci
al
nee
ds
of
lab
ore
rs?
• H
ow
eff
ecti
ve w
ere
lab
or
un
ion
s in
im
pro
ving t
he
live
s of
Am
eric
an w
ork
ers?
W
ork
ing
Con
dit
ion
s
F
acto
ry w
ork
ers
wer
e ru
led
by t
he
clock
and d
isci
pli
ne
was
str
ict.
Work
ers
wer
e fi
ned
or
fire
d f
or
thin
gs
such
as
bei
ng l
ate,
tal
kin
g,
or
not
work
ing h
ard
en
ou
gh.
W
ork
pla
ces
wer
e oft
en u
nsa
fe.
Th
e n
ois
e w
as d
eafe
nin
g,
lighti
ng a
nd
ven
tila
tion w
ere
poor,
work
ers
wer
e
oft
en f
atig
ued
, an
d e
qu
ipm
ent
was
not
dep
t up
wit
h.
C
hil
d l
ab
or:
By t
he
end o
f th
e 18
80s,
20
% o
f ch
ildre
n b
etw
een
age
10 a
nd 1
6 w
ere
emp
loyed
. C
hil
dre
n
oft
en l
eft
sch
ool
at t
he
age
of
12
or
13
to w
ork
(m
ore
oft
en g
irls
th
an b
oys)
. C
hil
dre
n a
s you
ng a
s 6
or
7
som
etim
es w
ork
ed a
s w
ell.
Soci
ali
sm
I
n 1
89
0, 9
% o
f A
mer
ican
s h
eld 7
5%
of
the
nat
ion
’s w
ealt
h.
S
om
e p
oor
fam
ilie
s b
ecam
e in
tere
sted
in t
he
idea
of
soci
alis
m, a
ph
iloso
ph
y t
hat
fav
ors
pu
bli
c in
stea
d o
f
pri
vat
e p
roper
ty a
nd i
nco
me.
Soci
alis
ts b
elie
ve
that
soci
ety,
not
just
pri
vat
e in
div
idu
als
shou
ld t
ake
char
ge
of
a nat
ion’s
wea
lth
.
M
ost
Am
eric
ans
opp
ose
d s
oci
alis
m b
ecau
se i
t th
reat
ened
th
e d
eep
ly r
oote
d i
dea
ls o
f p
rivat
e p
rop
erty
, fr
ee
ente
rpri
se, an
d i
nd
ivid
ual
lib
erty
.
La
bor
Un
ion
s
U
nio
ns
spru
ng u
p t
o o
rgan
ize
work
ers
in c
erta
in t
rad
es, h
elp
ing t
hem
to e
xp
ress
th
eir
dem
ands,
su
ch a
s
bet
ter
work
ing c
ond
itio
ns,
in
crea
sed w
ages
, an
d s
hort
er w
ork
ing h
ou
rs.
I
n 1
86
9 T
he
Kn
igh
ts o
f L
ab
or f
orm
ed t
o o
rgan
ize
all
work
ing m
en a
nd
wom
en (
bla
ck &
wh
ite)
. T
he
Kn
igh
ts w
ere
able
to p
urs
ue
bro
ad s
oci
al r
eform
s su
ch a
s eq
ual
pay
for
equ
al w
ork
, an
8 h
ou
r w
ork
day
, an
d
an e
nd t
o c
hil
d l
abor.
Th
ey o
ften
form
ed s
trik
es t
o a
sser
t th
eir
dem
ands.
T
he
Am
eric
an
Fed
erati
on
of
La
bor, a
craft
un
ion
, fo
rmed
(b
y S
amuel
Gom
per
s) a
llow
ing i
n o
nly
skil
led
work
ers
dev
ote
d t
o a
spec
ific
cra
ft.
Th
e A
FL
att
empte
d t
o f
orc
e em
plo
yer
s to
par
tici
pat
e in
coll
ecti
ve
ba
rga
inin
g,
a pro
cess
in
whic
h w
ork
ers
neg
oti
ate
as a
gro
up
wit
h e
mplo
yer
s. W
ork
ers
acti
ng a
s a
gro
up h
ad m
ore
pow
er t
han
a s
ingle
work
er a
ctin
g a
lon
e.
M
ost
em
plo
yer
s d
isli
ked
un
ions
and
att
empte
d t
o t
ake
mea
sure
s to
sto
p u
nio
ns
by:
F
orb
iddin
g u
nio
n m
eeti
ngs
F
irin
g u
nio
n o
rgan
izer
s
F
orc
ing “
yel
low
dog c
on
tra
cts”
– w
ork
ers
pro
mis
ed n
ever
to j
oin
a u
nio
n o
r go o
n s
trik
e
P
rohib
itin
g c
oll
ecti
ve
bar
gai
nin
g
Vio
len
t S
trik
es R
ock
th
e N
ati
on
T
he
Gre
at
Rail
roa
d S
trik
e (1
877
) R
ailw
ay w
ork
ers
beg
an t
o s
trik
e 1877
wh
en t
he
B&
O R
ailr
oad
ann
oun
ced a
wag
e cu
t of
10
%.
Th
ey c
lash
ed w
ith
the
loca
l m
ilit
ia a
nd
vio
len
ce s
pre
ad f
rom
Wes
t V
irgin
ia
to P
itts
bu
rgh
, C
hic
ago,
St.
Lou
is,
and
oth
er c
itie
s.
H
aym
ark
et R
iot
(1886
): A
gro
up o
f w
ork
ers
star
ted
a n
atio
nal
dem
on
stra
tion d
eman
din
g a
n 8
hour
work
day
. P
oli
ce h
ad t
o b
reak
up a
fig
ht
bet
wee
n s
trik
ers
and s
cab
s (w
ork
ers
who c
ame
in t
o r
epla
ce
stri
ker
s).
A b
om
b w
as t
hro
wn a
nd a
poli
ce o
ffic
er d
ied
. U
nio
nis
ts a
nd a
narc
his
ts (
radic
als
wh
o o
pp
ose
all
gover
nm
ent)
wh
o p
arti
cip
ated
in t
he
riot
bec
ame
her
oes
to m
any u
nio
n w
ork
ers.
H
om
este
ad
(1
892
): A
nd
rew
Car
neg
ie’s
par
tner
Hen
ry F
rick
att
empte
d t
o c
ut
the
wag
es o
f w
ork
ers
at
Car
neg
ie S
teel
. T
he
stee
l unio
n c
alle
d a
str
ike
and o
ne
anar
chis
t at
tem
pte
d t
o a
ssas
sin
ate
Fri
ck.
Th
e pub
lic
saw
th
is a
s to
o m
uch
vio
lence
and
sto
pped
sup
port
ing t
he
unio
nis
ts.
P
ull
ma
n (
1894
): A
fter
th
e P
anic
of
1893
, G
eorg
e P
ull
man
(in
ven
tor
of
the
Pu
llm
an s
leep
er r
ailr
oad
car
)
dec
ided
to l
ay o
ff w
ork
ers
and
cut
pay
by 2
5%
. T
he
Am
eric
an R
ailw
ay U
nio
n (
led
by E
ugen
e V
. D
ebs)
wen
t
on
str
ike,
and
inst
ead
of
bar
gai
nin
g,
Pu
llm
an s
hut
dow
n h
is f
acto
ry.
By 1
894
260,0
00
work
ers
had
join
ed
the
stri
ke.
The
stri
ke
ended
when
pre
siden
t G
rover
Cle
vel
and
sen
t in
2,5
00 t
roops
to r
egu
late
the
unio
n
stri
ker
s.
• H
ow
did
th
e g
ove
rnm
ent’
s ro
le i
n e
conom
ic a
nd p
oli
tica
l aff
air
s ch
ange
duri
ng t
his
era
?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t d
id i
nd
ust
ria
liza
tio
n a
ffec
t th
e re
lati
onsh
ips
bet
wee
n g
ove
rnm
ent,
busi
nes
s, a
nd t
he
work
er?
• H
ow
did
tec
hn
olo
gic
al
ad
van
cem
ent
aff
ect
indust
riali
zati
on a
nd t
he
role
of
the
gove
rnm
ent?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t w
as
the
go
vern
men
t’s
cha
ngin
g r
ole
nec
essa
ry a
nd p
osi
tive
in t
his
era
?
Resu
lts
of
Cit
y G
row
th –
Th
e R
ise o
f th
e P
oli
tica
l M
ach
ine
C
lash
ing i
nte
rest
s b
etw
een d
iffe
rent
com
mu
nit
y g
roup
s (t
he
mid
dle
/up
per
cla
ss,
imm
igra
nts
,
mig
rants
fro
m t
he
countr
ysi
de,
work
ers,
etc
) le
d t
o t
he
rise
of
the
poli
tica
l m
achin
e.
A
poli
tica
l m
ach
ine w
as a
n u
noff
icia
l org
aniz
atio
n s
et u
p t
o k
eep
a p
arti
cula
r gro
up
in p
ow
er
P
oli
tica
l m
achin
es w
ere
run b
y a
“boss
” an
d w
ork
ed t
hro
ugh a
n e
xch
ange
of
favors
.
J
ob
s w
ere
giv
en o
ut
to c
itiz
ens
in e
xch
ange
for
vote
s fo
r th
e m
achin
es p
oli
tica
l ca
ndid
ates
.
W
illi
am
Marcy
“B
oss
” T
weed
was
one
of
the
most
noto
rious
boss
es i
n N
YC
. B
oss
Tw
eed a
nd
his
ass
oci
ates
once
got
acce
ss t
o t
he
city
’s t
reas
ury
and i
lleg
ally
use
d t
he
mon
ey f
or
const
ruct
ion p
roje
cts
and t
hen
kep
t so
me
for
them
selv
es.
T
hom
as
Na
st, a
fam
ous
poli
tica
l ca
rtoonis
t, h
elp
ed b
ring T
wee
d d
ow
n b
y e
xp
osi
ng h
im t
o t
he
pub
lic
thro
ugh p
oli
tica
l ca
rtoons
dep
icti
ng T
wee
d a
s a
thie
f an
d a
dic
tato
r. T
wee
d’s
foll
ow
ers
wer
e oft
en u
ned
uca
ted a
nd c
ould
not
read
, b
ut
they
wer
e ab
le t
o u
nder
stan
d N
ast’
s ca
rtoons.
Th
e B
usi
nes
s of
Poli
tics
I
n t
he
late
180
0s,
busi
nes
ses
op
erat
ed l
argel
y w
itho
ut
regula
tion.
This
la
isse
z-fa
ire
(han
ds-
off
)
app
roac
h i
s su
pp
ort
ed b
y t
he
bel
ief
that
if
the
gover
nm
ent
do
esn’t
inte
rfer
e th
en t
he
stro
nges
t
busi
nes
ses
wil
l su
ccee
d,
bri
ngin
g s
ucc
ess
to t
he
nat
ion a
s a
whole
.
I
n t
he
Cred
it M
ob
ilie
r s
candal
, st
ock
hold
ers
in t
he
Unio
n P
acif
ic R
ailr
oad
Co
mp
any c
reat
ed a
const
ruct
ion c
om
pan
y c
alle
d C
redit
Mob
ilie
r. T
hey
gave
the
const
ruct
ion c
om
pan
y a
contr
act
to
buil
d t
he
Unio
n P
acif
ic’s
rai
lroad
tra
cks
at 2
-3 t
imes
the
pri
ce i
t w
ould
act
ual
ly c
ost
. T
he
go
ver
nm
ent
was
pay
ing f
or
the
Unio
n P
acif
ic’s
const
ruct
ion w
ith g
rants
and l
oan
s –
so t
he
stock
hold
ers
ended
up
pock
etin
g $
23
mil
lion d
oll
ars.
W
his
key R
ing
Sca
nd
al
– I
RS
coll
ecto
rs a
nd o
ther
off
icia
ls a
ccep
ted b
rib
es f
rom
whis
key
dis
till
ers
who w
ante
d t
o a
void
pay
ing t
axes
on t
hei
r p
roduct
, w
hic
h l
ost
the
feder
al g
over
nm
ent
mil
lions
of
doll
ars.
Civ
il S
ervic
e R
eform
s
R
uth
erfo
rd B
. H
ayes
was
ele
cted
pre
siden
t (1
87
7)
and r
efuse
d t
o f
oll
ow
the
spoil
s sy
stem
.
Inst
ead h
e ap
poin
ted q
ual
ifie
d l
eader
s to
the
Cab
inet
and f
ired
em
plo
yee
s w
ho w
ere
not
nee
ded
.
J
ames
A.
Gar
fiel
d w
as e
lect
ed p
resi
den
t in
18
80
, b
ut
his
ter
m w
as c
ut
short
when
he
was
murd
ered
by a
law
yer
who w
as e
xp
ecti
ng a
job
fro
m G
arfi
eld.
The
murd
er c
ause
d a
n o
utc
ry
agai
nst
the
spoil
s sy
stem
.
A
fter
Gar
fiel
d’s
dea
th,
Vic
e P
resi
den
t C
hes
ter
Art
hur
bec
ame
pre
siden
t an
d p
asse
d t
he
Pen
dle
ton
Civ
il S
ervic
e A
ct,
whic
h c
reat
ed a
Civ
il S
ervic
e C
om
mis
sion.
This
cla
ssif
ied
go
ver
nm
ent
job
s an
d t
este
d a
pp
lica
nts
’ fi
tnes
s fo
r th
em w
ith a
mer
it e
xam
. T
he
Pen
dle
ton C
ivil
Ser
vic
e A
ct t
her
efore
ended
the
spoil
s sy
stem
(as
Jac
kso
n h
ad c
reat
ed.)
Goa
l 5.0
3 –
Ass
ess
the i
mp
act
of
lab
or u
nio
ns
on
in
du
stry
an
d t
he l
ives
of
work
ers
G
oa
l 5.0
4 –
Des
crib
e th
e c
ha
ngin
g r
ole
of
govern
men
t in
econ
om
ic a
nd
poli
tica
l aff
air
s
22
GOAL 6 – The Emergence of the United States as a World Power
Author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, describing the necessity of a strong navy for a pow-
erful nation.
Poem by Josiah Strong making a parody of the “duty” white men felt to civilize indigenous peoples
The belief that whites were better than peoples of color
Extreme burst of national pride following a period of yellow journalism
Nickname given to the purchase of Alaska from Russia
United States gained this territory after it’s queen was overthrown by Hawaiian and American
businessmen
Nickname given to the Spanish-American War because of its short duration
Led by Theodore Roosevelt, these men charged up San Juan Hill to victory in Cuba
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer led this type of sensationalized journalism which attracted
readers using bold titles and outlandish pictures
Sinking of the USS Maine, DeLome Letter, Cuban Rebellion against Spain, burning of US owned sugar
plantations by Cubans seeking assistance
Passed before the Spanish-American War, the US told Cuba that it would not annex it
Ended the Spanish American War, the United States gained the territories of Philippines, Guam, and
Puerto Rico
Cuba agreed to add this amendment on to their constitution, allowing the United States to set up a military
base, agreeing not to go into debt, and allowing the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime
they felt it necessary.
Once controlled by the United States, this connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
Ensured that the United States would be able to trade with China
Chinese rebelling against foreign influence in China; killed many foreigners
Added on to the Monroe Doctrine, saying that the United States would intervene in affairs of Latin Amer-
ica if necessary
Roosevelt’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing a strong military
Taft’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing economic aid
Wilson’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing the spreading of American morals and ideals.
23
Country
How did the US obtain or
influence this country/
territory?
Why did the US want this country/
territory?
What laws and policies
affected this country’s
relationship with the US?
Puerto Rico
and Guam
Cuba
The
Philippines
China
Hawaii
Seward’s
Folly –
Alaska
United States Imperialism
24
GO
AL
6 –
TH
E E
ME
RG
EN
CE
OF
TH
E U
NIT
ED
ST
AT
ES
IN
WO
RL
D A
FF
AIR
S
• H
ow
did
the
gove
rnm
ent’
s ro
le i
n e
conom
ic a
nd p
oli
tica
l aff
air
s ch
ange
as
Am
eric
a b
eca
me
more
im
per
iali
stic
?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
did
indust
riali
zati
on a
ffec
t th
e re
lati
onsh
ips
bet
wee
n g
ove
rnm
ent,
busi
nes
s, a
nd t
he
wo
rker?
• H
ow
did
tec
hnolo
gic
al
adva
nce
men
t le
ad t
o t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s’ i
ncr
ease
d i
nvo
lvem
ent
in w
orl
d a
ffair
s?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
wa
s th
e gove
rnm
ent’
s ch
angin
g r
ole
nec
essa
ry a
nd b
enef
icia
l as
Am
eric
a b
ecam
e m
ore
im
per
iali
stic
?
Imperi
ali
sm –
When
a s
tro
nger
nat
ion a
ttem
pts
to c
reat
e an
em
pir
e by d
om
inat
ing w
eak
er n
atio
ns
– e
cono
mic
all
y,
po
liti
call
y,
cult
ura
lly,
and
/or
mil
itari
ly.
T
he
Un
ited
sta
tes
and
oth
er
pow
erfu
l co
untr
ies
such a
s R
uss
ia,
Ger
man
y,
Bri
tain
, F
ran
ce,
and
Jap
an w
ere
seek
ing
ou
t sp
heres
of
infl
uen
ce,
or
area
s of
eco
no
mic
and p
oli
tica
l co
ntr
ol,
in C
hin
a.
A
lfred
T. M
ah
an
wro
te t
he
book T
he I
nfl
uen
ce o
f S
ea P
ow
er
Upon
His
tory
, w
hic
h a
rgu
ed t
hat
the
nat
ion’s
eco
no
mic
futu
re r
este
d o
n g
ain
ing n
ew m
arket
s (t
o s
ell
goods)
abro
ad t
hro
ug
h i
ncr
easi
ng t
he
size
of
the
Nav
y.
L
ead
ers
lik
e J
osi
ah
Str
on
g d
rew
on t
he
ideas
of
socia
l D
arw
inis
m t
o j
ust
ify t
he
tak
eover
of
new
terr
ito
ries
. H
e sa
id
that
An
glo
-Saxo
ns
wer
e su
peri
or
to t
he
socie
ties
they c
onq
uere
d,
an i
dea
co
ined
, A
ng
lo-S
ax
on
su
perio
rit
y.
Tho
se
who
use
d t
his
arg
um
ent
beli
eved
that
they w
ere
doin
g a
nob
le t
hin
g f
or
the
“hea
then,”
unciv
iliz
ed p
eop
les
of
the
wo
rld
by i
ntr
od
ucin
g t
hem
to C
hri
stia
nit
y a
nd m
oder
n s
ocie
ty.
C
on
flic
ts i
n C
ub
a at
trac
ted t
he
inte
rest
of
Am
eri
can j
ourn
ali
sts.
Fo
llo
win
g a
su
rge
of
yell
ow
jo
urn
ali
sm i
n w
hic
h
journ
ali
sts
such a
s W
illi
am
Rando
lph H
ears
t an
d J
ose
ph P
uli
tzer
sensa
tio
nali
zed
hea
dli
nes
and
sto
ries
ab
out
fore
ign
affa
irs
in C
ub
a, t
here
was
an i
nte
nse
burs
t of
nat
ional
pri
de
and t
he
des
ire
for
an a
ggre
ssiv
e fo
reig
n p
oli
cy.
Th
is
bu
rst
of
pri
de
cam
e to
be
know
n a
s ji
ng
ois
m.
• H
ow
did
Am
eric
a a
nd t
he
worl
d c
ha
nge
as
the
US i
ncr
ease
d i
ts r
ole
in w
orl
d a
ffair
s?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
have
the
effe
cts
of
US a
ctio
ns
and p
oli
cies
bee
n b
enef
icia
l or
det
rim
enta
l to
oth
er c
ountr
ies?
• W
hy
did
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s ta
ke a
n a
ctiv
e ro
le i
n w
orl
d a
ffair
s in
the
late
19th
and e
arl
y 20th
cen
tury
?
Th
e S
pa
nis
h-A
meric
an
Wa
r
Befo
re t
he W
ar:
T
he
war
began a
fter
Cuban r
ebels
began p
ush
ing b
ack a
gain
st t
heir
ru
lers
, S
pain
. C
ub
ans
rep
eate
dly
urg
ed
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes
to i
nte
rvene
and h
elp
them
. T
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s co
nti
nued
to
refu
se h
elp
. T
o g
et t
he
atte
n-
tio
n o
f U
S b
usi
nes
s ow
ners
, C
uban g
uer
rill
as b
urn
ed d
ow
n A
meri
can s
ugar
pla
nta
tio
ns.
Wit
h p
ress
ure
fro
m
Am
eri
can b
usi
nes
s ow
ners
, plu
s th
e m
yst
erio
us
exp
losi
on o
f th
e U
SS
Ma
ine (
wh
ich t
he
US
bla
med
on
Sp
ain
) and
the
insu
lts
aim
ed a
t P
resi
dent
McK
inle
y u
nea
rthed
in t
he
de L
om
e l
ette
r,
Co
ng
ress
eventu
all
y
auth
ori
zed
fo
rce
(war
) again
st S
pain
.
C
ub
ans
insi
sted
on a
dd
ing t
he
Tell
er A
men
dm
en
t to
Cuba’
s w
ar r
eso
luti
on a
gain
st S
pai
n.
Th
is a
mend
ment
stat
ed t
hat
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s w
ould
not
ann
ex C
uba.
Du
rin
g “
Th
e S
ple
nd
id L
ittl
e W
ar”
T
he
“S
ple
nd
id L
ittl
e W
ar”
was
fo
ught
on t
wo s
ides
of
the
wo
rld
, in
the
Ph
ilip
pin
es
and
in C
ub
a a
nd
Pu
erto
Ric
o,
all
thre
e is
land t
erri
tori
es u
nd
er t
he
rule
of
Spain
.
T
heo
do
re R
oose
velt
led
a g
roup o
f so
ldie
rs n
ick
nam
ed t
he
Ro
ug
h R
iders
in a
char
ge
up
San
Juan H
ill,
wh
ich b
ecam
e th
e m
ost
fam
ous
bat
tle
of
the
Span
ish
-Am
eric
an W
ar.
T
rea
ty o
f P
aris
- T
he
war
ended
wit
h t
he
Treaty
of
Paris
in w
hic
h t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
pai
d $
20
mil
lio
n
do
llar
s in
ret
urn
for
Cuba’
s in
dep
endence
, an
d t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s’ a
cqu
isit
ion o
f T
he
Ph
ilip
pin
es,
Guam
, and
Puer
to R
ico
. I
n o
rder
to p
rote
ct A
mer
ican i
nte
rest
s, t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s in
stall
ed a
mil
itary
go
ver
nm
en
t in
Cub
a fo
r th
e next
thre
e yea
rs.
Aft
er t
he W
ar
T
wo
yea
rs a
fter
Cuba
wo
n i
ts i
ndep
endence
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s m
ilit
ary g
overn
men
t in
Cub
a all
ow
ed
Cub
a to
dra
ft a
const
ituti
on.
The
Unit
ed S
tate
s in
sist
ed o
n i
nclu
din
g t
he
Pla
tt A
men
dm
en
t w
hic
h
stat
ed t
hat
the
Cuban g
over
nm
ent
could
not
ente
r any f
ore
ign a
gre
em
en
ts,
it m
ust
all
ow
the
US
to
have
naval
bas
es i
n C
uba,
and i
t gave
the
US
per
mis
sio
n t
o i
nte
rvene
in C
ub
a w
henever
the
US
dee
med
nec
essa
ry.
The
Unit
ed S
tate
s es
tab
lish
ed (
and s
till
main
tain
s) a
mil
itary
bas
e in
Guanta
nam
o B
ay,
Cub
a.
Dil
emm
a i
n t
he P
hil
ipp
ines
A
fter
the
Sp
an
ish
-Am
eri
can W
ar e
nded,
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s gain
ed t
he
Phil
ipp
ines
fro
m S
pai
n.
Pre
sident
McK
inle
y f
elt
lik
e he
had
to a
nnex t
he
isla
nd n
atio
n b
ut
the
Fil
ipin
os
dec
lare
d t
hem
selv
es a
n i
ndep
endent
rep
ub
lic.
Fo
r th
ree
yea
rs,
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s an
d t
he
Phil
ipp
ines
fo
ught
a w
ar o
ver
co
ntr
ol
of
the
isla
nds.
Aft
er t
he
dea
th o
f m
ore
than 2
00,0
00 F
ilip
inos,
fig
hti
ng s
low
ed.
The
Unit
ed S
tate
s co
nti
nued
to o
ccup
y
the
Ph
ilip
pin
es u
nti
l 1
94
6.
US
Ga
ins
Territ
orie
s A
broa
d
S
ew
ard
’s F
oll
y –
In 1
86
7,
Sec
reta
ry o
f S
tate
Wil
liam
H.
Sew
ard
purc
has
ed A
lask
a fr
om
Russ
ia.
Man
y p
eop
le
wer
e ag
ain
st t
he
purc
has
e, w
hic
h i
s w
hy i
t bec
am
e k
now
n a
s “S
ewar
d’s
Fo
lly.”
A
nn
exa
tio
n o
f H
aw
aii
– I
n 1
898,
afte
r a
pow
er s
truggle
bet
wee
n H
awaii
an r
oyalt
y a
nd p
lante
rs,
Congre
ss
app
roved
the
an
nexat
ion o
f H
awaii
in o
rder
to p
rote
ct i
ts w
orl
d t
rade.
Wit
h t
he
help
of
pin
eapp
le p
lante
r,
San
ford
Do
le,
Qu
een
Lil
iuo
ka
lan
i w
as r
emo
ved
fro
m h
er
thro
ne
and H
awaii
was
dec
lare
d a
rep
ub
lic.
T
he
Pa
na
ma
Ca
na
l w
as b
uil
t under
T.
Roose
velt
’s a
dm
inis
trat
ion
in o
rder
to p
rovid
e a
short
er r
oute
bet
wee
n
the
Pac
ific
an
d A
tlanti
c o
ceans.
This
wo
uld
pro
vid
e fo
r fa
ster
and c
hea
per
glo
bal
ship
pin
g a
s w
ell
as
incr
ease
d
naval
spee
d i
n a
tim
e o
f w
ar.
Aft
er m
uch c
ontr
overs
y b
etw
een F
rance
(w
ho o
wned
the l
and),
Co
lum
bia
(w
ho
rule
d o
ver
Panam
a),
and
Panam
a it
self
, th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s re
cogniz
ed P
anam
a an i
ndep
endent
countr
y (
under
the
pro
tect
ion o
f th
e U
S)
and
the
US
was
gra
nte
d a
per
manent
10
-mil
e-w
ide
stri
p o
f la
nd o
n w
hic
h t
o b
uil
d t
he
canal.
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
have
the
act
ions
and p
oli
cies
of
the
US a
ffec
ted o
ther
countr
ies
in t
he
worl
d?
•
How
has
the
med
ia s
haped
US f
ore
ign p
oli
cy?
•
As
the
US b
ecom
es i
ncr
easi
ngly
invo
lved
in w
orl
d a
ffair
s, s
hould
its
sel
f-per
cepti
on b
e im
pact
ed b
y w
orl
d o
pin
ion.
•
How
intr
usi
ve s
hould
a n
ati
on b
e in
the
aff
air
s of
anoth
er?
Dip
lom
acy
– H
ow
a c
ou
ntr
y d
eals
wit
h f
ore
ign a
ffair
s.
R
oose
velt
’s “
Big
Sti
ck
” D
iplo
ma
cy
I
n 1
90
4 P
resi
den
t R
oo
sevelt
iss
ued
mes
sages
to c
ongre
ss c
alle
d t
he
Roose
velt
Coroll
ary
whic
h a
dded
on t
o t
he
Mo
nro
e D
oct
rine
say
ing t
hat
the
US
did
no
t w
ant
any m
ore
ter
rito
ry,
they w
ould
only
pro
tect
sm
all
er/w
eaker
nat
ions,
and
inte
rven
e if
pro
ble
ms
arose
.
Ro
ose
velt
’s m
ain
co
nce
rn i
n A
sia
was
kee
pin
g a
n o
pen d
oo
r to
tra
de
wit
h C
hin
a. T
he
Op
en
Door P
oli
cy
ensu
red
that
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes
wo
uld
have
equal
acce
ss t
o C
hin
a’s
mar
ket.
Chin
a, h
ow
ever
, w
as r
eluct
ant
to
have
an
y f
ore
ign i
nfl
uence
. T
his
led
to t
he
Boxer R
eb
ell
ion
in w
hic
h 3
00 f
ore
igners
and C
hri
stia
n C
hin
ese
wer
e k
ille
d.
T
aft
’s “
Doll
ar”
Dip
lom
acy
P
resi
dent
Wil
liam
Ho
war
d T
aft
’s a
ppro
ach t
o f
ore
ign p
oli
cy w
as t
o “
subst
itute
do
llars
for
bull
ets,
” m
eanin
g
that
inst
ead
of
fig
hti
ng s
mall
er/w
eaker
nati
ons,
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s sh
ould
main
tain
ord
erl
y s
oci
etie
s ab
road
by
inves
tin
g i
n t
heir
eco
no
mie
s.
W
ilso
n’s
“M
issi
on
ary
(M
ora
l)”
Dip
lom
acy
U
nd
er
Pre
sid
ent
Wo
od
row
Wil
son,
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s to
ok a
mo
ral
and l
egali
stic
appro
ach t
o d
iplo
mac
y.
The
Un
ited
Sta
tes
wo
uld
inte
rfer
e w
ith o
ther
co
untr
ies
when t
hey f
elt
a m
ora
l and l
egal
resp
onsi
bil
ity t
o.
B
ecause
of
Wil
son’s
dec
isio
n t
o i
nte
rvene
in M
exic
o r
ebel
lead
er P
ancho V
illa
went
on a
ter
rori
zin
g s
trea
k
thro
ug
h b
ord
er t
ow
ns
in M
ex
ico a
nd t
he
U.S
., b
urn
ing d
ow
n t
ow
ns
and k
illi
ng t
heir
resi
dents
.
A
nti
-Im
peria
lism
An
ti-I
mp
eria
lism
Lea
gu
e -
Opp
onents
of
U.S
. poli
cy i
n t
he
Phil
ipp
ines
est
abli
shed
the
Anti
-Im
peri
ali
st
Lea
gue.
Man
y a
rgued
that
if
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s to
ok o
ver
nat
ions,
those
nat
ions’
cit
izens
should
be
enti
tled
to
the
sam
e ri
ghts
as
US
cit
izens.
Man
y p
eop
le w
ere
again
st t
he
idea
of
An
glo
-Sa
xon
Su
perio
rit
y a
nd s
aw i
t as
rac
ism
. T
hey t
her
efo
re d
id
bel
ieve
in t
akin
g o
ver
a s
mall
er,
“w
eaker
,” n
atio
n b
ecau
se t
hey w
ere
“unciv
iliz
ed.”
Man
y s
outh
erners
fea
red
that
by t
akin
g o
ver
oth
er n
atio
ns,
the
US
wo
uld
be
forc
ed t
o a
bso
rb p
eop
le o
f
dif
fere
nt
race
s in
to t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes.
Sti
ll o
thers
bel
ieved
that
im
per
iali
sm w
as t
oo e
xpensi
ve
and n
ot
wort
h t
he
cost
s it
too
k t
o e
xpand.
Ob
ject
ive
6.0
1 –
Th
e U
nit
ed
Sta
tes’
In
cre
asi
ng
Role
in
Worl
d A
ffair
s
Ob
ject
ive
6.0
2 –
US
Mil
itary
, E
con
om
ic,
an
d P
oli
tica
l In
volv
em
en
t an
d I
nfl
uen
ce
Ob
ject
ive
6.0
3 -
Poli
cies
an
d a
ctio
ns
of
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes
gover
nm
ent
imp
act
ing
oth
er c
ou
ntr
ies.
25
Goal 7 – The Progressive Movement
Authors and Journalists who uncovered evils of society to encourage reform. Examples: Ida Tarbell (History
of the Standard Oil Company), Upton Sinclair (The Jungle), Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lives)
Many young women were killed at a textile plant fire after having no way to get out of the building
Famous settlement house started by Jane Addams to help poor, urban, immigrant families.
Gave permission to levy an income tax
Direct election of senators by the people
The Volstead Act - started Prohibition - made the manufacturing and sale of alcohol illegal.
Women's suffrage - gave women the right to vote
Law aimed to limit monopolies, but was instead aimed at labor unions
Supreme court dissolved a rail road company monopoly
made it illegal for railroad officials to give, and for companies to receive rebates for using particular railroads
Governor of Wisconsin who increased the power of the states
Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson all ran in this Election. Roosevelt and the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party split the
republican vote, paving the way for Wilson (D) to win the presidency.
Created a decentralized private banking system which divided the nation into 12 districts and established a
regional bank in each district
Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, made some monopolistic practices illegal and protected the rights
of labor unions and farm organizations
Supreme Court case which established the “separate but equal” doctrine
Civil Rights reformer who started the Tuskegee Institute for the vocational training of African Americans,
gave the Atlanta Compromise Speech. Was reassuring to whites because he did not push for radical change.
radical early Civil Rights Leader who pushed for African Americans to get educated in order to advance in
society and gain equality. He led the Niagara Movement and was a founding member of the NAACP.
Movement of African Americans from the Jim Crow south to northern cities to escape racism and gain job
opportunities.
To take away the vote with strategies such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses
Rules that enforced segregation in the South
electricity, mail order catalogues, Kodak camera, movie camera, airplanes, skyscrapers
$5 day, assembly line, Model T
26
Directions Fill in each section of the chart with knowledge of the problems of industrialization and the Progressive Era.
Problems of
Urbanization
Progressivism
Led to
What were some of the issues during the Gilded Age? What needed to be changed?
What were the reforms implemented to change city life?
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois
27
GO
AL
7 –
TH
E P
RO
GR
ES
SIV
E M
OV
EM
EN
T I
N T
HE
UN
ITE
D S
TA
TE
S (
18
90
-1914
)
• H
ow
did
the
poli
tica
l, e
conom
ic, and s
oci
al
condit
ions
of
the
Gil
ded
Age
lead t
o t
he
Pro
gre
ssiv
e E
ra?
• H
ow
did
sci
enti
fic
and t
echnolo
gic
al
adva
nce
s cr
eate
a m
ass
consu
mer
cult
ure
?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
did
an e
mer
gin
g m
ass
consu
mer
cult
ure
def
ine
what
it m
eans
to b
e an A
mer
ican?
• W
hat
tact
ics
wer
e m
ost
eff
ecti
ve i
n b
ringin
g a
bout
the
soci
al,
eco
nom
ic,
and p
oli
tica
l re
form
s of
the
Pro
gre
ssiv
e E
ra?
Ho
w d
id c
ond
itio
ns
of
the
Gil
ded
Age
lead
to
the
Pro
gre
ssiv
e E
ra?
Po
liti
cal
Co
nd
itio
ns
M
any n
ew r
eform
mo
vem
ents
wer
e an
outg
row
th o
f ea
rlie
r re
form
mov
emen
ts,
such
as
the
Po
pu
list
s.
P
oli
tica
l co
rru
pti
on a
nd g
raft
s k
ept
pu
bli
c se
rvic
es (
pu
re w
ater
, sc
hools
, h
ealt
h c
are)
inad
equ
ate.
So
cia
l C
on
dit
ion
s
M
any n
ew r
eform
mo
vem
ents
sp
run
g u
p i
n t
he
Nort
hea
st a
nd
Mid
wes
t. T
hey
had
th
eir
roots
in
movem
ents
su
ch a
s n
ativ
ism
, p
roh
ibit
ion
, pu
rity
, ch
arit
y,
socia
l go
spel
, an
d s
ettl
emen
t h
ou
ses.
R
eform
ers
wer
e re
acti
ng t
o r
apid
indust
rial
izat
ion,
imm
igra
tion,
and
urb
aniz
atio
n.
Eco
no
mic
Co
nd
itio
ns
I
nd
ust
rial
work
ers
wer
e ov
er-w
ork
ed y
et u
nd
erp
aid.
M
any p
rogre
ssiv
es a
rgu
ed t
hat
char
ity w
ou
ld n
ot
be
enou
gh t
o i
mp
rove
the
lives
of
ind
ust
rial
work
ers.
F
ou
r G
oals
of
Pro
gre
ssiv
ism
Ref
orm
ers
nev
er c
om
ple
tely
ag
reed
on
pro
ble
ms
or
solu
tio
ns,
thou
gh
thei
r p
rog
ress
ive
effo
rts
sha
red
at
lea
st o
ne
of
the
foll
ow
ing
go
als
:
1. P
rote
cti
ng S
ocia
l W
elf
are
- to
soft
en s
om
e of
the
har
sh c
on
dit
ion
s of
ind
ust
rial
izat
ion
.
F
lore
nce
Kel
ley-
advoca
te f
or
imp
rovin
g t
he
lives
of
wom
en a
nd
chil
dre
n.
T
ria
ng
le S
hir
twa
ist
Fir
e –
14
6 y
ou
ng g
irls
wer
e k
ille
d w
hen
a f
ire
bro
ke
ou
t in
th
e buil
din
g t
hey
wer
e w
ork
ing i
n. T
he
dis
aste
r p
ush
ed p
eop
le t
o d
eman
d r
eform
of
wo
rkin
g c
on
dit
ion
s.
P
ure
Fo
od
and
Dru
g A
ct-
190
6 h
alte
d t
he
sale
of
con
tam
inat
ed f
ood
s an
d m
edic
ines
and
cal
led
for
tru
th i
n l
abel
ing.
2. P
rom
oti
ng
Mo
ral
Imp
ro
vem
en
t -
som
e re
form
ers
felt
mora
lity
, n
ot
the
work
pla
ce,
hel
d t
he
key
to
i
mp
rovin
g t
he
lives
of
poor
peo
ple
.
P
ro
hib
itio
n -
ban
nin
g a
lcoh
oli
c b
ever
ages
to c
ure
soci
ety's
pro
ble
ms
(tem
per
ance
movem
ent)
.
W
om
en's
Ch
rist
ian
Tem
per
ance
Un
ion
(W
CT
U)
led
th
e cr
usa
de
for
Pro
hib
itio
n,
mem
ber
s
advan
ced t
hei
r ca
use
by e
nte
rin
g s
aloon
s, s
ingin
g, p
rayin
g, an
d u
rgin
g s
aloon
kee
per
s to
sto
p
sell
ing a
lcoh
ol.
Carri
e N
ati
on
pla
yed
a l
arge
role
in
this
movem
ent.
3
. C
rea
tin
g E
con
om
ic R
efo
rm
s
M
uck
ra
kers-
jou
rnal
ist
wh
o w
rote
ab
ou
t th
e co
rrup
t si
de
of
bu
sin
ess
and
pu
bli
c li
fe i
n m
ass
circ
ula
tion
mag
azin
es d
uri
ng t
he
20
th c
entu
ry.
U
pto
n S
incl
air
wro
te T
he
Jung
le e
xposi
ng t
he
har
sh t
reat
men
t of
work
ers
in t
he
mea
tpac
kin
g
ind
ust
ry.
J
aco
b R
iis
wro
te H
ow
th
e O
ther
Ha
lf L
ives
ho
pin
g t
o g
ain
su
pp
ort
in t
he r
eform
of
ten
em
en
t
ho
use
s.
L
inco
ln S
teff
en
s u
nco
ver
ed p
oli
tica
l co
rru
pti
on i
n S
t. L
ou
is a
nd o
ther
cit
ies.
I
da
Tarb
ell
wro
te t
he
book T
he
His
tory
of
the
Sta
nda
rd O
il C
om
pa
ny
in w
hic
h s
he
inves
tigat
ed
and
rev
eale
d t
he
abu
ses
com
mit
ted
by t
he
Sta
ndar
d o
il t
rust
.
4. F
ost
eri
ng E
ffic
ien
cy-
man
y p
rogre
ssiv
e le
ader
s p
ut
thei
r fa
ith
in
exp
erts
and
sci
enti
fic
pri
nci
ple
s to
m
ake
socie
ty a
nd
th
e w
ork
pla
ce m
ore
eff
icie
nt.
(F
ocu
sed
on
res
earc
h)
S
cien
tifi
c M
anag
emen
t- s
tud
ies
to s
ee j
ust
how
quic
k e
ach
tas
k c
ou
ld b
e p
erfo
rmed
.
I
ntr
od
uct
ion o
f th
e as
sem
bly
lin
e ca
use
d a
hig
h w
ork
er t
urn
over
rat
e, o
ften
du
e to
in
juri
es b
y
fati
gu
e w
ork
ers.
• H
ow
eff
ecti
ve w
as
the
Pro
gre
ssiv
e M
ove
men
t in
addre
ssin
g t
he
poli
tica
l, e
conom
ic,
and s
oci
al
nee
ds
of
all
Am
eric
ans?
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
did
pro
gre
ssiv
e re
form
s su
ccess
full
y co
mbat
the
soci
al
and e
conom
ic i
lls
crea
ted b
y a r
apid
ly i
ndust
riali
zin
g s
oci
ety?
• H
ow
su
cces
sful
wer
e th
e P
rogre
ssiv
e E
ra P
resi
den
ts i
n l
eadin
g r
eform
eff
ort
s?
Pro
gre
ssiv
es t
ho
ugh
t th
at
gove
rnm
ent
shou
ld i
ncr
ease
thei
r re
spo
nsi
bil
ity
for
the
wel
l-bei
ng
of
peo
ple
, w
hic
h w
ou
ld r
equ
ire
more
so
cia
l w
elf
are
pro
gra
ms.
Ref
orm
at
the
Mun
icip
al
(Cit
y) L
evel
S
ett
lem
en
t h
ou
ses
such
as
Ja
ne
Ad
da
m’s
Hu
ll H
ou
se w
ere
buil
t to
im
pro
ve
urb
an s
lum
s/
ghet
tos.
S
om
e m
ayors
led
mo
vem
ents
for
city
-sup
port
ed w
elfa
re s
ervic
es w
hic
h p
rovid
ed t
hin
gs
lik
e
pub
lic
bat
hs,
par
ks,
work
-rel
ief
pro
gra
ms,
pla
ygro
unds,
fre
e k
inder
gar
tens,
lodgin
g f
or
ho
mel
ess.
Ref
orm
at
the
Sta
te L
evel
R
ob
ert
M.
La
Foll
ette
of
Wis
consi
n l
ed t
he
way
in r
egula
ting b
ig b
usi
nes
s.
He
mad
e th
e
rail
road
indust
ry,
a m
ajor
targ
et.
He
also
inst
itute
d a
dir
ect
pri
mary i
n w
hic
h p
eop
le v
ote
d
on n
om
inee
s fo
r up
com
ing e
lect
ions.
I
nit
iati
ves,
a p
roce
ss i
n w
hic
h c
itiz
ens
can p
rop
ose
a n
ew l
aw t
o g
o d
irec
tly o
n t
he
bal
lot,
ref
eren
du
ms,
whic
h a
llow
ed c
itiz
ens
to a
ppro
ve
or
reje
ct a
law
pas
sed b
y t
he
legis
latu
re, an
d
rec
all
pro
cedure
s, w
hic
h p
erm
itte
d v
ote
rs t
o r
emo
ve
pub
lic
off
icia
ls f
rom
off
ice,
wer
e al
so
inst
itute
d i
n m
any s
tate
s.
Ref
orm
at
the
Fed
era
l L
evel
T
he
Sh
erm
an
An
titr
ust
Act
(1
890)
was
enfo
rced
str
ongly
by t
he
Roose
vel
t ad
min
istr
atio
n
T
he
Pu
re F
ood
an
d D
ru
g A
ct
(1906
) b
anned
inte
rsta
te s
hip
pin
g o
f im
pure
food a
nd
mis
lab
elin
g f
ood
1
6th
Am
en
dm
en
t (1
913
) A
llow
ed t
he
feder
al g
over
nm
ent
to c
oll
ect
inco
me
taxes
.
1
7th
Am
en
dm
en
t (1
913
) D
irec
t el
ecti
on o
f se
nat
ors
. B
efore
this
, ea
ch s
tate
s’ l
egis
latu
re
chose
its
ow
n U
S S
enat
or.
F
ed
era
l R
ese
rve
Act
(191
3)
Cre
ated
the
Fed
eral
Res
erve
Syst
em o
f b
ank
s to
sup
ervis
e
pri
vat
e ban
ks
and e
nsu
re a
fle
xib
le m
oney
sup
ply
.
1
8th
Am
en
dm
en
t (V
ols
tea
d A
ct)
(1
91
9)
Ban
ned
the
pro
duct
ion,
sale
, or
imp
ort
of
alco
hol
(proh
ibit
ion
)
1
9th
Am
en
dm
en
t (1
920
) G
rante
d w
om
en f
ull
su
ffra
ge (
the
right
to v
ote
)
Th
eod
ore
Ro
ose
velt
A
fter
the
Sp
anis
h-A
mer
ican
War
he
bec
ame
the
Go
ver
nor
of
NY
, th
en v
ice
pre
siden
t, a
nd
then
aft
er t
he
assa
ssin
atio
n o
f M
cKin
ley,
he
bec
ame
the
you
ng
est
pre
siden
t at
the
age
of
42
.
H
e sa
w p
resi
den
cy a
s a
"bu
lly
pu
lpit
”=he
could
infl
uen
ce t
he
new
s an
d m
edia
and s
hap
e
legis
lati
on.
I
f b
ig b
usi
nes
s vic
tim
ized
work
ers,
then
he
would
mak
e su
re t
hat
the
com
mon p
eop
le
rece
ived
a S
qu
are D
eal
- his
pro
gra
m o
f p
rogre
ssiv
e re
form
s des
igned
to p
rote
ct p
eop
le f
rom
big
busi
nes
ses.
R
oose
vel
t's
real
goal
was
fed
eral
reg
ula
tion o
f ra
ilro
ads
C
on
gre
ss p
asse
d E
lkin
s A
ct (
19
03
), M
ade
it i
lleg
al f
or
rail
road
off
icia
ls t
o g
ive,
and
ship
per
s to
rec
eive,
reb
ates
for
usi
ng p
arti
cula
r ra
ilro
ads.
7.0
1 –
Exp
lain
th
e co
nd
itio
ns
tha
t le
d t
o t
he
rise
of
Pro
gre
ssiv
ism
7
.02
– E
con
om
ic a
nd
po
liti
cal
ga
ins
in t
he
Pro
gre
ssiv
e P
erio
d.
28
P
rog
ress
ivis
m a
s T
aft
Bec
om
es 2
7th P
resi
den
t
P
rogre
ssiv
e M
ovem
ent-
in
ear
ly 2
0th
-cen
tury
ref
orm
mov
emen
t se
ekin
g t
o r
etu
rn c
on
trol
of
t
he
gover
nm
ent
to t
he
peo
ple
, to
res
tore
eco
nom
ic o
pp
ort
un
itie
s, a
nd
to c
orr
ect
the
inju
stic
es
o
f A
mer
ican
lif
e.
W
illi
am H
ow
ard
Taf
t- h
andp
ick
ed b
y R
oose
vel
t ra
n f
or
pre
sid
ent
in 1
908
agai
nst
Wil
liam
Jen
nin
gs
Bry
an.
Taf
t h
ad c
amp
aign
ed o
n a
pla
tform
of
low
erin
g t
arif
fs.
P
ay
ne-A
ldri
ch
Ta
riff
(19
09
) p
asse
d b
y T
aft=
a se
t of
tax r
egu
lati
on
s. I
t fa
iled
to s
ign
ific
antl
y r
edu
ce
tari
ffs
on m
anu
fact
ure
d g
ood
s-in
crea
sin
g m
any r
ates
. T
his
an
ger
ed p
rogre
ssiv
es w
ho b
elie
ved
Taf
t h
ad a
ban
don
ed p
rogre
ssiv
ism
.
Th
e R
epub
lica
n P
art
y Sp
lits
T
aft's
acti
on
s m
ade
it i
mp
oss
ible
to h
old
toget
her
th
e tw
o w
ings
of
the
Rep
ub
lica
n P
arty
. (P
rogre
ssiv
es
wan
t ch
ange
and
Con
serv
ativ
es d
id n
ot)
P
rob
lem
s w
ith
in t
he
Rep
ub
lica
n P
arty
= m
ass
def
eat
in 1
912
& h
elp
ed D
emocr
ats
gai
n c
ontr
ol
of
the
Hou
se o
f R
epre
sen
tati
ves
for
the
firs
t ti
me
in 1
8 y
ears
.
B
ull
Moo
se P
arty
AK
A P
ro
gre
ssiv
e p
arty
(an
oth
er 3
rd-p
arty
) le
d b
y T
heo
dore
Roose
vel
t.
Pla
tform
: d
irec
t el
ecti
on
of
senat
ors
an
d a
dopti
on i
n a
ll s
tate
s of
the
init
iati
ve,
ref
eren
du
m, an
d
reca
ll.
Ad
voca
ted
w
om
en's
su
ffra
ge,
wo
rkm
en's
com
p, 8
hou
r w
ork
day
, m
inim
um
wag
e fo
r
wom
en,
fed
eral
law
agai
nst
chil
d l
abor,
an
d t
he
fed
eral
tra
de
com
mis
sion
to r
egu
late
bu
sin
esse
s.
Dem
ocr
ats
Win
in
1912
W
oo
dro
w W
ilso
n-
Dem
ocr
at r
eform
er a
nd N
J gover
nor.
W
ilso
n o
nly
cap
ture
d 4
2%
of
popu
lar
vote
, h
e w
on
over
wh
elm
ing e
lect
ora
l vic
tory
an
d a
Dem
ocr
atic
maj
ori
ty i
n C
on
gre
ss.
H
e en
dors
ed a
pro
gre
ssiv
e p
latf
orm
, ca
lled
th
e N
ew F
reed
om
, w
hic
h d
eman
ded
even
str
on
ger
anti
tru
st
legis
lati
on
, b
ankin
g r
eform
, an
d r
educe
d t
arif
fs.
Wil
son
Fin
an
cial
Ref
orm
sè A
nti
tru
st M
easu
res
T
ru
st -
a c
orp
ora
tion
mad
e u
p o
f m
any c
om
pan
ies
that
rec
eive
cert
ific
ates
en
titl
ing t
hem
to d
ivid
end
s on
pro
fits
ear
ned
.
C
lay
ton
An
titr
ust
Act
(1914
) -
stre
ngth
ened
Sh
erm
an A
nti
tru
st A
ct 1
890
.
I
t in
tend
ed t
o p
reven
t th
e cr
eati
on o
f m
on
op
oli
es b
y m
akin
g i
t il
legal
to e
stab
lish
tru
sts
that
inte
rfer
ed
wit
h f
ree
trad
e.
I
t p
roh
ibit
ed c
orp
ora
tion
s fr
om
acq
uir
ing t
he
stock
of
anoth
er i
f d
oin
g s
o w
ou
ld c
reat
e a
mon
op
oly
.
F
ed
era
l T
ra
de C
om
mis
sio
n A
ct
(191
4)
- se
t u
p t
he
Fed
eral
Tra
de
Com
mis
sion
(F
TC
)
T
his
“w
atch
dog”
agen
cy w
as g
iven
the
pow
er t
o i
nves
tigat
e p
oss
ible
vio
lati
on
s of
regu
lato
ry s
tatu
tes,
to r
equ
ire
per
iod
ic r
eport
s fr
om
corp
ora
tions,
and
to p
ut
an e
nd
to a
nu
mb
er o
f u
nfa
ir b
usi
nes
s
pra
ctic
es.
• T
o w
hat
exte
nt
were
the
soci
al,
poli
tica
l, a
nd e
conom
ic s
tandin
g o
f A
fric
an A
mer
icans
posi
tive
ly a
ffec
ted b
y pro
gre
ssiv
e ef
fort
s?
• W
hat
did
it
mea
n t
o b
e bla
ck i
n A
mer
ica a
t th
e tu
rn o
f th
e ce
ntu
ry?
• W
hy
did
mult
iple
per
spec
tive
s dev
elop f
or
addre
ssin
g r
aci
al
inju
stic
e duri
ng t
he
Pro
gre
ssiv
e E
ra?
De j
ure
segre
ga
tion
-
raci
al s
epar
atio
n (
segre
gat
ion)
crea
ted b
y t
he
law
De f
act
o s
egreg
ati
on
-
when
seg
regat
ion i
s a
resu
lt o
f cu
stom
and c
ult
ure
, it
is
a fa
ct, b
ut
not
a la
w
Roo
seve
lt a
nd
Civ
il R
ights
R
oose
vel
t fa
iled
to s
upp
ort
civ
il r
ights
of
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
ans,
alt
hou
gh
, h
e d
id s
up
port
of
few
in
div
idual
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
ans.
R
oose
vel
t in
vit
ed B
oo
ker T
. W
ash
ing
ton
to W
hit
e H
ou
se (
sym
boli
c ges
ture
)
W
ash
ingto
n r
esp
ecte
d b
y p
ow
erfu
l w
hit
es,
but
face
d o
pp
osi
tion f
rom
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
ans
lik
e W
.E.B
.
Du
Bo
is,
for
his
acc
om
mod
atio
n o
f se
gre
gat
ion
ists
an
d f
or
bla
min
g b
lack
pover
ty o
n b
lack
s -
urg
ing
them
to a
ccep
t dis
crim
inat
ion.
A
t a
Nia
gar
a F
alls
con
ven
tion
in
1909,
Du B
ois
an
d o
ther
s fo
un
ded
th
e N
AA
CP
- N
ati
on
al
Ass
ocia
tio
n
for t
he
Ad
va
ncem
en
t of
Co
lore
d P
eop
le.
Res
tric
tio
ns
on
Civ
il R
ights
P
less
y v
Fer
gu
son
(1896
) – S
up
rem
e C
ou
rt c
ase
sayin
g s
egre
gat
ion
was
per
mis
sib
le i
f fa
cili
ties
wer
e eq
ual
.
(Sep
arat
e bu
t eq
ual
)
W
ilm
ingto
n r
ace
riot
(1898
)
J
im C
row
Law
s –
law
s re
quir
ing s
egre
gat
ion
.
D
isen
fra
nch
isem
en
t –
Kee
pin
g A
fric
an A
mer
ican
s fr
om
voti
ng.
L
iter
acy T
est
s –
rea
din
g t
ests
des
igned
to k
eep
Afr
ican
Am
eric
ans
from
voti
ng.
P
oll
Ta
xes
– a
fee
th
at p
eop
le m
ust
pay
bef
ore
bei
ng p
erm
itte
d t
o v
ote
.
G
ran
dfa
ther C
lau
ses
– L
aws
exem
pti
ng m
en f
rom
cer
tain
voti
ng r
estr
icti
on
s if
th
ey h
ad a
lrea
dy
vote
d o
r if
th
ey h
ad a
nce
stors
wh
o h
ad v
ote
d p
rior
to b
lack
s b
ein
g g
rante
d s
uff
rage.
G
rea
t M
igra
tio
n –
Man
y A
fric
an A
mer
ican
s m
oved
nort
h a
fter
Rec
on
stru
ctio
n,
wh
en c
ivil
rig
hts
bec
ame
rest
rict
ed.
•
What
wa
s th
e ec
onom
ic a
nd s
oci
al
impact
of
the
tech
nolo
gic
al
changes
of
the
Pro
gre
ssiv
e E
ra?
• H
ow
wa
s A
mer
ican c
ult
ure
red
efin
ed d
uri
ng t
he
Pro
gre
ssiv
e E
ra?
• D
oes
soci
ety
cause
gove
rnm
ent
to c
hange
or
does
gove
rnm
ent
cause
so
ciet
y to
change?
E
lectr
icit
y –
Gen
eral
Ele
ctri
c C
om
pan
y w
as f
orm
ed i
n 1
89
2 t
o t
ake
over
Th
om
as
Ed
iso
n’s
ele
ctri
c
ligh
t b
usi
nes
s. E
lect
rici
ty b
ecam
e av
aila
ble
to c
onsu
mer
s to
pow
er h
ou
seh
old
ap
pli
ance
s.
M
ail
ord
er c
ata
logs
- A
ris
e in
goods
bei
ng p
urc
has
ed t
hro
ugh t
he
mai
l
K
od
ak
ca
mera
-
took
sti
ll p
ictu
res
M
ovie
Ca
mera
-
took m
ovin
g p
ictu
res
W
rig
ht
Bro
thers
– H
ad t
he
firs
t su
cces
sfu
l ai
rpla
ne
flig
ht
in K
itty
Haw
k,
Nort
h C
aroli
na.
H
enry
Fo
rd
’s I
nn
ova
tio
ns:
$
5 d
ay
-
Ford
pai
d h
is w
ork
ers
more
than
th
e av
erag
e m
anu
fact
ure
r, b
ut
fore
ign
work
ers
had
to
enro
ll i
n E
ngli
sh a
nd
civ
ics
clas
ses
and
let
in
ves
tigat
ors
in
spec
t th
eir
hom
es.
Gra
du
atio
n
cere
mon
ies
occ
urr
ed i
n w
hic
h w
ork
ers
shed
th
eir
ethn
ic i
den
titi
es a
nd
bec
ame
“Am
eric
ans.
”
A
ssem
bly
lin
e –
a m
anu
fact
uri
ng p
roce
ss i
n w
hic
h e
ach
work
er d
oes
on
e sp
ecia
lize
d t
ask
in t
he
con
stru
ctio
n o
f th
e fi
nal
pro
du
ct. F
ord
did
not
inven
t th
e as
sem
bly
lin
e, b
ut
he
mad
e it
more
effi
cien
t.
M
od
el T
- F
ord
’s f
irst
su
cces
sfu
lly m
ark
etab
le l
igh
twei
gh
t, g
as-p
ow
ered
car
.
S
ky
scra
per
s -
th
e B
ess
emer P
roce
ss (
stee
l p
rod
uct
ion
) an
d t
he
inven
tion
of
the
eleva
tor a
llow
ed f
or
the
buil
din
g o
f hig
h-r
ises
in c
itie
s
7.0
3 -
Eff
ects
of
raci
al
seg
rega
tio
n o
n U
nit
ed S
tate
s’ s
oci
ety
.
7.0
4 -
Im
pa
ct o
f te
ch
no
log
ica
l ch
an
ges
on
eco
no
mic
, so
cia
l, a
nd
cu
ltu
ral
life
29
His assassination was the immediate spark of WWI in Europe
The building up of nations militaries
Forming agreements with other countries that if one should go to the war, the other will support them
A larger, more powerful country taking over a smaller, weaker country
Pride in ones nation
British boat sunk by a German U-boat (a cause of the US's entry into WWI)
German submarines continued with unrestricted warfare even after promising to warn foreign ships (long
term cause of US entry into WWI)
A note written from the Germans to Mexico promising an alliance and returned land from the U.S. if
Mexico helped Germany defeat the U.S. in WWI.
United States, Great Britain, Russia, France, Italy
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
President of the U.S. during WWI. He ran for re-election in 1916 and won using the slogan "He kept us
out of war". Created the Fourteen Points.
Required young men to register for the draft.
When a country keeps to itself (the policy the United States attempted to follow at the onset of WWI in
Europe)
Trench Warfare,” No Man's Land", Mustard Gas, Tanks, Airplanes, Telephones
Woodrow Wilson's plan for the end of WWI which aimed to create a lasting peace. This included the
League of Nations.
Ended WWI – punished Germany by having them accept blame for WWI and pay $33 billion in war reparations. Included the League of Nations. The US refused to ratify this treaty and made their own peace with Germany.
Organization to keep peace through discussion of problems instead of war.
Government agency created to oversee production of goods during the war
Tactics used to convince people to support the war effort
Individuals limit the amount of goods they use so that supplies can be provided for the military
Goal 8 – The Great War and its Aftermath
30
Progressive Income Tax
War Industries Board
African Americans
Women
War Bonds
Allied
Depression
Suffrage
Isolationist
Federal
Espionage & Sedition
League of Nations
Women
Civil Liberties
Great Migration
KKK
Red Scare
Propaganda
Directions: Fill in each blank with the appropriate word from the list to the right of the section.
31
GO
AL
8 –
TH
E G
RE
AT
WA
R A
ND
IT
S A
FT
ER
MA
TH
(1
91
4-1
930
)
8.0
1 –
Wh
y t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
rem
ain
ed n
eutr
al
at
the
beg
inn
ing o
f
Wo
rld
Wa
r I
bu
t la
ter
bec
am
e in
volv
ed.
• W
hy
wa
s th
e U
. S. u
nab
le t
o m
ain
tain
a p
oli
cy o
f n
eutr
ali
ty d
uri
ng W
orl
d W
ar
I?
• W
ha
t fa
cto
rs c
om
bin
ed t
o d
raw
th
e w
orl
d a
nd
ult
ima
tely
th
e U
S i
nto
Wo
rld
Wa
r I?
•
Is i
t po
ssib
le f
or
a n
ati
on t
o r
emain
neu
tra
l du
ring
a c
on
flic
t in
anoth
er p
art
of
the
wo
rld?
Ca
use
s o
f W
orl
d W
ar
I
L
on
g-T
erm
Cau
ses
M
ilit
ari
sm –
nat
ion
s o
f E
uro
pe
had
bee
n b
uil
din
g u
p t
hei
r ar
mie
s an
d w
eap
on
s
A
llia
nce
s –
Eu
rop
ean
cou
ntr
ies
had
cre
ated
a s
yst
em o
f al
lian
ces
to k
eep
a b
alan
ce
of
po
wer
.
I
mp
eria
lism
– E
uro
pea
n c
ou
ntr
ies
com
pet
ing f
or
infl
uen
ce a
rou
nd t
he
wo
rld
.
N
ati
on
ali
sm –
Co
un
trie
s w
ante
d t
o g
ain
po
wer
an
d t
oo
k a
ctio
ns
that
wer
e in
thei
r o
wn
in
tere
st.
S
ho
rt-T
erm
Cau
se
A
rch
du
ke
Fer
din
an
d,
hei
r to
th
e A
ust
ro-H
un
gar
ian
Em
pir
e, a
nd
his
wif
e w
ere
kil
led
on a
vis
it t
o B
osn
ia.
Au
stri
a-H
un
gar
y d
ecla
red
war
on
Ser
bia
(th
inkin
g t
hey
wer
e b
ehin
d t
he
atta
ck).
O
ther
co
un
trie
s b
ecam
e in
vo
lved
du
e to
all
ian
ces.
T
he
Sta
rt o
f W
orl
d W
ar
I
A
llie
s -
Ru
ssia
, F
ran
ce,
Gre
at B
rita
in
C
entr
al
Pow
ers
– G
erm
any,
Au
stri
a-H
un
gar
y,
Ott
om
an E
mp
ire
P
resi
den
t W
ood
row
Wil
son
iss
ues
a s
tate
men
t d
ecla
rin
g t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
a n
eutr
al
or
isola
tio
nis
t co
un
try i
n o
rder
to
pro
tect
tra
de.
US
Bec
om
es I
nvo
lved
in
Wo
rld
Wa
r I
U
-Boat
sub
ma
rin
e w
arf
are
– G
erm
an s
ub
mar
ines
wer
e at
tack
ing
un
arm
ed A
lly m
erch
ant
and
pas
sen
ger
sh
ips
wit
ho
ut
war
nin
g.
Sev
eral
Am
eric
ans
wer
e kil
led
in t
he
atta
cks.
L
usi
tan
ia –
a B
riti
sh p
asse
nger
sh
ip,
torp
edo
ed a
nd
su
nk,
kil
lin
g o
ver
12
00
,
incl
ud
ing 1
28 A
mer
ican
s.
S
uss
ex –
a F
ren
ch s
hip
to
rped
oed
aft
er W
ilso
n h
ad d
eman
ded
Ger
man
y s
top
atta
ckin
g.
Ger
man
y t
hen
mad
e th
e S
uss
ex P
led
ge
in w
hic
h t
hey
pro
mis
ed t
o w
arn
ship
s b
efo
re t
hey
att
ack
ed.
G
erm
any e
nd
ed t
he
Su
ssex
Ple
dge,
cau
sin
g t
he
US
to
bre
ak o
ff t
ies
wit
h G
erm
any
and
arm
th
eir
mer
chan
t sh
ips.
E
lect
ion
of
19
16
– W
oo
dro
w W
ilso
n w
as r
eele
cted
pre
sid
ent
un
der
th
e sl
ogan
“he
kep
t u
s o
ut
of
wa
r.”
Z
imm
erm
an
n T
eleg
ram
– A
tel
egra
m f
rom
Ger
man
y t
o M
exic
o w
as i
nte
rcep
ted
Ger
man
y a
ttem
pte
d t
o c
on
vin
ce M
exic
o t
o d
ecla
re w
ar o
n t
he
US
in
ret
urn
fo
r la
nd
.
A
pri
l 6
th 1
917
th
e U
.S.
ente
red
in
to W
WI
wit
h P
resi
den
t W
ilso
n s
ayi
ng
we
mu
st
“M
ak
e th
e w
orl
d s
afe
fo
r d
emo
cra
cy”
8.0
2 -
Poli
tica
l an
d m
ilit
ary
tu
rnin
g p
oin
ts o
f th
e w
ar
an
d t
hei
r
sign
ific
an
ce t
o t
he
ou
tcom
e of
the
con
flic
t.
•
How
wer
e ce
rtain
poli
tica
l and m
ilit
ary
eve
nts
sig
nif
icant
to t
he
outc
om
e of
the
war?
•
To w
hat
exte
nt
did
the
mil
itary
, poli
tica
l, a
nd d
iplo
mati
c tu
rnin
g p
oin
ts o
f W
orl
d W
ar
I hel
p t
o d
eter
min
e th
e outc
om
e of
the
wa
r?
•
How
did
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s’ e
ntr
y aff
ect
the
nati
ons
alr
eady
invo
lved
in t
he
confl
ict?
C
ha
ng
ing
Wa
rfa
re
T
ren
ch w
arf
are
- A
rmie
s d
ug l
on
g t
ren
ches
in w
hic
h t
hey
hid
, th
ey w
ou
ld s
tan
d a
nd
sh
oo
t
ou
t th
e to
p s
ho
rt d
ista
nce
s aw
ay f
rom
eac
h o
ther
.
"
No
Man
's L
and
"- a
n u
no
ccu
pie
d r
egio
n b
etw
een
th
e tw
o a
rmie
s.
M
ust
ard
gas
– a
n e
ffic
ien
t w
ay t
o k
ill
a la
rge
nu
mb
er o
f p
eop
le.
T
anks,
air
pla
nes
US
En
try
into
Wa
r
R
uss
ian
an
d B
ols
hevik
Rev
olu
tion
s –
wit
h t
he
shif
t fr
om
au
tocr
acy t
o a
rep
ub
lic,
th
en t
o
com
mu
nis
m,
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes
was
mo
re w
illi
ng t
o a
lly w
ith
Ru
ssia
in
WW
I.
I
n 1
917
, T
he
Am
eri
can
Ex
ped
itio
nary
Forc
e (
aka
do
ugh
bo
ys)
led
by G
ener
al
Joh
n J
. P
ersh
ing
was
th
e 1
st s
et o
f A
mer
ican
tro
op
s to
arr
ive
in E
uro
pe.
Th
e A
llie
s o
nly
use
d t
he
gro
up a
s re
info
rcem
ents
; th
eref
ore
, th
ey h
ad l
ittl
e im
pac
t du
rin
g t
he
bat
tles
.
A
fric
an A
mer
ican
tro
op
s se
rved
in
seg
regat
ed u
nit
s an
d w
ere
oft
en n
ot
allo
wed
to
figh
t in
bat
tle.
S
elec
tive
Ser
vic
e A
ct –
sta
rted
the
dra
ft f
or
yo
un
g m
en t
o s
erve
in t
he
mil
itar
y.
At
ho
me
in t
he
U.S
.
T
he
war
op
ened
up
man
y j
ob
s fo
r m
ino
riti
es.
M
any A
fric
an A
mer
ican
s m
oved
no
rth
fo
r fa
cto
ry j
ob
s (T
he
Gre
at
Mig
rati
on
)
W
om
en w
ere
able
to
wo
rk m
ore
, w
hic
h h
ad a
han
d i
n t
he
19
th a
men
dm
ent
W
ar I
nd
ust
ries
Bo
ard,
War
Lab
or
Bo
ard
, an
d F
oo
d &
Fu
el A
dm
inis
trat
ion
all
fo
cuse
d o
n
the
Am
eric
an e
con
om
y s
up
po
rtin
g t
he
war
eff
ort
.
T
he
Wa
r’s
Co
ncl
usi
on
W
ilso
n’s
14
poin
ts -
sta
ted
su
pport
fo
r o
pen
pea
ce c
oven
ants
, no
sec
ret
agre
emen
ts,
free
do
m o
f th
e se
as,
free
tra
de,
dis
arm
amen
t, a
dju
stm
ent
of
colo
nia
l cl
aim
s, a
Lea
gu
e o
f
Nat
ion
s, a
nd
th
e ri
gh
ts o
f m
ino
riti
es.
L
eag
ue
of
Nati
on
s –
a p
ropo
sal
of
a gro
up
of
cou
ntr
ies
that
wo
uld
kee
p p
eace
,
pre
sen
ted
to
Sen
ate
in w
hat
bec
ame
kn
ow
n a
s h
is “
peace
wit
hou
t vic
tory
” sp
eech
.
Un
der
th
e L
eagu
e o
f N
atio
ns,
an
att
ack o
n o
ne
was
co
nsi
der
ed a
n a
ttac
k o
n a
ll.
T
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
do
es n
ot
join
the
Lea
gu
e o
f N
atio
ns
bec
ause
th
ey d
id n
ot
wan
t to
be
tied
to
all
of
the
oth
er c
ou
ntr
ies
(iso
lati
on
ism
).
“
Th
e B
ig F
ou
r” -
Th
ese
wer
e th
e fo
ur
men
th
at w
ere
resp
on
sible
fo
r cr
eati
ng t
he
pea
ce
afte
r W
WI.
Th
ey w
ere
Pre
sid
ent
Wo
od
row
Wil
son
of
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes,
th
e P
rim
e M
inis
ter
of
Gre
at B
rita
in,
the
Pre
mie
r o
f It
aly,
and
th
e P
rem
ier
of
Fra
nce
.
T
reaty
of
Ver
sail
les
- F
ran
ce w
as g
iven
ter
rito
ry;
Th
e G
erm
an R
hin
elan
d a
rea
wo
uld
be
dem
ilit
ariz
ed.
En
gla
nd
and
th
e U
.S.
wo
uld
pro
tect
Fra
nce
. G
erm
any w
as g
ive
full
resp
on
sib
ilit
y f
or
the
war
an
d w
as f
orc
ed t
o b
illi
on
s o
f d
oll
ars
in w
ar r
epar
atio
ns.
This
wo
uld
bec
om
e a
cau
se o
f W
orl
d W
ar
II.
32
Goal 9 – Prosperity & Depression
The secretary of the interior secretly leased oil-rich public land to private companies in return for money and
land
Established the highest protective tariff in U.S. history, worsening the depression
Buying stocks without the money to back them
October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed
President of the United States during the Great Depression
A reason for the start of the Great depression; people could “buy now, pay later” using installment plans
Shantytowns nicknamed for President Herbert Hoover, who did not believe in direct relief during the Great
Depression
World War I veterans who went to Washington demanding payment of benefits they believed they were entitled
to which they did not receive
Nickname for the mid-west during the great depression; dry conditions led to poor agricultural production
Musical style born in New Orleans; uses lots of bass; famous musicians include Louis Armstrong, Bessie Davis
Discontented authors who left America because they did not like the changing and modernization of society;
included F. Scott Fitzgerald and Earnest Hemingway
18th Amendment; prohibited the manufacturing, sale, and consumption of alcohol
Illegal clubs which sold alcohol
Illegal manufacturers of alcohol
Weekly radio shows done by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in which he addressed the American people
and discussed the state of America
Discriminatory and often violent hate group targeting anyone who was not a white protestant. Their membership
skyrocketed during the nativist time period of the 1920s.
African American literary awakening, led by authors such as Langston Hughes and Zora Neal Hurston
Started by Marcus Garvey, this movement encouraged African Americans not to attempt to integrate into white
society, but to join together and revive the powerful societies that their ancestors had belonged to in Africa.
Organization started by Marcus Garvey that encouraged African Americans to unite and build a separate society.
Started with the help of W.E.B. Du Bois, Organization that aimed for nothing less than full equality among the
races.
Italian immigrants who were charged, convicted, and killed for the murder of two men. Many people thought
they were mistreated because of their beliefs and others thought it was because they were immigrants.
Court case in which a biology teacher was tried for challenging a Tennessee law that outlawed the teaching of
evolution; a fight over the role of science and religion in public schools
Women of the 1920s who cut their hair short, wore make-up & short skirts, and went out dancing and drinking;
challenged the norms of society
FDR New Deal program that provided an income to the elderly, disabled, and unemployed.
Programs created by FDR to help the nation recover from the great depression, provide jobs, and stimulate the
economy; included: Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC), National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), Public Works Administration (PWA),
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Works Progress Administration (WPA), National Labor Relations Act
(Wagner Act)
33
Directions: Fill in a description of each term in the flow chart.
1920
s B
OO
M - P
rosp
erity 1930s B
UST
- Depression
Directions: Place each word from the list at the bottom of the page under the appropriate side of the curve.
Speculation
Buying on Margin
Mechanization
Black Tuesday
Direct Relief
Easy Credit
Installment plan
Overproduction
Hoovervilles
Soup Kitchens & Breadlines
Radio
Marketing/Advertising
Jazz
Talkies
Lost Generation
Langston Hughes
Louis Armstrong
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemmingway
Speakeasies
Bootleggers
Babe Ruth
Charles Lindbergh
Automobiles
“Fireside Chats”
Zora Neal Hurston
Marcus Garvey
UNIA
WEB Dubois
Fundamentalism
Scopes Trial
Defecit spending
Social Security
FDIC
SEC
Alphabet Agencies
World War I
Isolationism
Nativism
Communism
Immigration Restric-
tions
Rise of the Ku Klux
Klan
The Red Scare
Schenck v. United States
The Palmer Raids
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
The Red Scare
34
GO
AL
9 –
PR
OS
PE
RIT
Y A
ND
DE
PR
ES
SIO
N (
191
9-1
939
)
• H
ow
did
th
e w
ar
imp
act
Am
eric
a’s
soci
al,
eco
nom
ic,
poli
tica
l, a
nd c
ult
ura
l in
stit
uti
on
s?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t d
id W
orl
d W
ar
I ch
ange
US s
oci
ety
and a
ffec
t oth
er n
ati
on
s?
• H
ow
did
th
e in
du
stri
al
an
d t
echnolo
gic
al
adva
nce
men
ts i
n t
his
era
im
pact
Am
eric
a a
nd
th
e re
st o
f th
e
glo
bal
com
mu
nit
y?
• H
ow
are
civ
il l
iber
ties
ch
all
enged
duri
ng t
imes
of
confl
ict?
1
8th
Am
en
dm
en
t -
Pro
hib
itio
n
1
9th
Am
en
dm
en
t -
Wom
en’s
su
ffra
ge
C
om
mit
tee o
n P
ub
lic I
nfo
rm
ati
on
– m
uck
rak
er G
eorg
e C
ree
l w
as a
pp
oin
ted
by P
resi
den
t W
ilso
n
to h
ead
this
war
pro
pag
atio
n c
om
mit
tee
wh
ich p
rom
ote
d t
he
war
dom
esti
call
y w
hil
e p
ub
lici
zin
g
Am
eric
an w
ar a
ims
abro
ad
F
oo
d A
dm
inis
tra
tio
n -
Herb
ert
Ho
over h
ead
ed t
his
org
aniz
atio
n d
uri
ng W
WI,
des
ign
ed t
o c
on
serv
e
food
at
hom
e so
th
at i
t m
ay b
e p
rovid
ed t
o a
llie
d t
roop
s.
W
ar I
nd
ust
rie
s B
oa
rd
- e
stab
lish
ed t
o m
ob
iliz
e th
e n
atio
n's
res
ou
rces
for
war
wh
ile
pro
tect
ing t
he
econ
om
y's
bas
ic s
truct
ure
and
ch
arac
ter
for
the
pea
ce t
hat
was
to f
oll
ow
E
spio
nag
e a
nd
Sed
itio
n A
cts
- p
rovid
ed t
he
gover
nm
ent
wit
h p
ow
ers
ov
er t
he
righ
ts o
f fr
ee s
pee
ch
and
pre
ss.
E
ugen
e V
. D
eb
s -
star
ted
th
e A
mer
ican
Rai
lway U
nio
n. H
e b
ecam
e a
soci
alis
t le
ader
wh
o o
pp
ose
d
Worl
d W
ar I
an
d w
as i
mp
riso
ned
for
10 y
ears
du
rin
g t
he
war
und
er t
he
Esp
ion
age
Act
.
I
nd
ust
ria
l W
ork
ers
of
the
Wo
rld
- l
abor
Unio
n o
rgan
ized
in
op
posi
tion
to c
apit
alis
m a
nd c
onse
rvat
ive
unio
nis
m.
It b
elie
ved
in
rev
olu
tion
ary i
ndu
stri
al u
nio
nis
m a
nd
‘O
ne
Big
Unio
n’
that
com
bin
ed
com
mit
men
t to
ind
ust
rial
un
ionis
m, dir
ect
acti
on
, an
d b
uil
din
g a
un
ion
con
troll
ed b
y i
ts m
emb
ers.
S
ch
en
ck v
. U
nit
ed S
tate
s (1
91
9)
– T
he
case
was
op
ened
agai
nst
th
e E
spio
nag
e A
ct,
bu
t th
e S
up
rem
e
Cou
rt d
ecid
ed t
hat
in
a t
ime
of
war
, ex
trao
rdin
ary c
on
dit
ion
s m
ay a
llo
w C
on
gre
ss t
he
right
to f
orb
id
pri
nte
d m
ater
ials
or
spee
ch a
imed
at
hin
der
ing t
he
war
eff
ort
. T
he
test
for
"a c
lear
and
pre
sen
t d
anger
"
was
form
ula
ted
to d
eal
wit
h q
ues
tion
s re
gar
din
g f
reed
om
of
spee
ch.
P
alm
er R
aid
s –
bec
ause
of
a fe
ar t
hat
Ru
ssia
n c
om
mu
nis
ts w
ere
goin
g t
o a
ttem
pt
to o
ver
thro
w t
he
Am
eric
an g
over
nm
ent,
th
ou
sand
s of
Ru
ssia
ns
and
soci
alis
ts i
n t
he
U.S
. w
ere
arre
sted
and
hel
d
wit
hou
t tr
ial.
T
his
was
als
o k
now
n a
s th
e “R
ed
Sca
re.”
Peo
ple
had
an
incr
ease
d f
eeli
ng o
f n
ati
vism
.
U
nit
ed
Min
e W
ork
ers
- T
he
Coal
Min
ers
Str
ike
(1919
) w
ith t
hei
r le
ader
, Jo
hn
L. L
ewis
, p
ush
ed
for
a ra
ise
and
sh
ort
er w
ork
ing h
ou
rs. T
he
cou
rt o
rder
ed t
he
min
ers
bac
k t
o w
ork
and
an a
rbit
rato
r
put
an e
nd t
o t
he
dis
pute
.
W
ash
ing
ton
Na
va
l C
on
fere
nce
- i
nte
rnat
ion
al c
on
fere
nce
cal
led
by t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
to l
imit
th
e
nav
al a
rms
race
and
to w
ork
ou
t se
curi
ty a
gre
emen
ts i
n t
he
Pac
ific
are
a.
D
aw
es
Pla
n -
Am
eric
an i
nves
tors
loan
ed G
erm
any $
2.5
bil
lion
to p
ay b
ack B
rita
in a
nd F
ran
ce w
ith
ann
ual
pay
men
ts o
n a
fix
ed s
cale
.
• H
ow
did
th
e ec
on
om
ic,
soci
al,
and p
oli
tical
even
ts o
f th
e ea
rly
1900s
lead
to
th
e ec
on
om
ic c
ycle
s o
f th
e
tw
enti
es a
nd
th
irti
es?
• H
ow
did
th
e va
ria
tio
ns
in t
he
econom
y in
the
1920s
cause
majo
r ch
anges
in
th
at
dec
ad
e a
nd
in
th
e 1
93
0s?
• H
ow
did
ea
rly
go
vern
men
t re
act
ions
to t
he
econom
ic b
ust
ser
ve t
o w
ors
en i
ts e
ffec
ts?
I
nd
ust
ria
liza
tio
n -
wh
en a
soci
ety c
han
ges
an
d b
ecom
es b
ased
more
hea
vil
y o
n i
ndu
stry
.
L
ais
sez-f
air
e -
th
e gover
nm
ent’
s “h
and
s-off
” ap
pro
ach
to b
usi
nes
s an
d e
con
om
y.
M
ech
an
iza
tio
n -
job
s b
egan
usi
ng m
ore
mac
hin
es a
nd n
eed
ed l
ess
hu
man
lab
or.
Ex
: a
ssem
bly
lin
e.
R
ug
ged
in
div
idu
ali
sm -
Th
e b
elie
f th
at a
ll i
nd
ivid
ual
s, o
r n
earl
y a
ll i
ndiv
idu
als,
can
su
ccee
d o
n t
hei
r
ow
n a
nd t
hat
gover
nm
ent
hel
p f
or
peo
ple
sh
ou
ld b
e m
inim
al.
H
ard
ing A
dm
inis
tra
tio
n (
192
1-1
92
3)
W
arren
G.
Ha
rd
ing -
Rep
ub
lica
n P
resi
den
t (1
921
-192
3)
wh
o r
an u
nd
er t
he
slogan
"L
ess
gov
ern
men
t
in b
usi
nes
s an
d m
ore
bu
sin
ess
in g
over
nm
ent.
" W
hil
e in
off
ice,
th
e T
ea
po
t D
om
e S
ca
nd
al
occ
urre
d.
Har
din
g’s
sec
reta
ry o
f th
e in
teri
or
Alb
ert
B.
Fa
lls
secr
etly
lea
sed
oil
-ric
h p
ub
lic
lan
d t
o p
rivat
e co
mpa-
nie
s in
ret
urn
for
mon
ey a
nd
lan
d.
Fal
ls w
as l
ater
fou
nd
gu
ilty
of
bri
ber
y a
nd
bec
ame
the
firs
t A
mer
ican
to b
e co
nvic
ted
of
a fe
lon
y w
hil
e h
old
ing a
t C
abin
et p
ost
.
I
n t
he
earl
y 1
92
0s
Rep
ub
lica
ns
focu
sed
on a
“R
etu
rn
to
No
rm
alc
y.”
Th
ey c
ease
d t
o p
rom
ise
pro
gre
s-
sive
refo
rms
and
in
stea
d a
imed
to s
ettl
e in
to t
radit
ion
al p
atte
rns
of
gover
nm
ent.
C
ooli
dg
e A
dm
inis
tra
tio
n (
19
23
– 1
929
)
A
fter
th
e d
eath
of
Pre
sid
ent
Har
din
g, V
P C
alv
in C
oo
lid
ge t
ook t
he
off
ice.
He
hel
ped
to r
esto
re p
eop
le's
fait
h i
n t
hei
r gover
nm
ent
and i
n t
he
Rep
ub
lica
n P
arty
. T
he
nex
t yea
r, C
ooli
dge
was
ele
cted
pre
sid
ent.
S
pecu
lati
on
- t
he
bu
yin
g o
f st
ock
s an
d b
ond
s on t
he
chan
ce o
f a
qu
ick p
rofi
t, w
hil
e ig
nori
ng t
he
risk
s.
Man
y b
egan
bu
yin
g o
n m
arg
in-
pay
ing a
sm
all
per
cen
tage
of
stock
pri
ces
as a
dow
n p
aym
ent
and
borr
ow
ing t
he
rest
.
H
oo
ver A
dm
inis
tra
tio
n (
19
29
– 1
93
3)
H
erb
ert
Ho
over
- 1
928
cam
pai
gn
ple
dge:
“A
ch
ick
en i
n e
ver
y p
ot
and
a c
ar i
n e
ver
y g
arag
e.”
Hoover
trie
d t
o r
eass
ure
th
e nat
ion
. H
e opp
ose
d a
ny f
eder
al f
orm
of
wel
fare
, or
dir
ect
reli
ef t
o t
he
nee
dy.
He
said
th
at h
and
ou
ts w
ou
ld w
eak
en p
eop
le s
elf-
resp
ect
and
“m
ora
l fi
ber
.” H
e b
elie
ved
in
div
idual
s, c
har
i-
ties
, an
d l
oca
l org
aniz
atio
ns
shou
ld h
elp
. H
is r
esp
on
se s
hock
ed a
nd
fru
stra
ted
Am
eric
ans.
“
Bla
ck
Tu
esd
ay”
- O
ctob
er 2
9, 1
929 -
th
e b
ott
om
fel
l ou
t of
the
mar
ket
and
th
e n
atio
n’s
con
fid
ence
coll
apse
d.
By m
id-N
ovem
ber
, in
ves
tors
lost
ab
ou
t $3
0 b
illi
on
; an
am
ou
nt
equal
to t
he
cost
s w
e sp
ent
on
the
war
.
H
aw
ley
-Sm
oo
t T
ari
ff -
pas
sed i
n 1
93
0 e
stab
lish
ed t
he
hig
hes
t p
rote
ctiv
e ta
riff
in
US
his
tory
. T
his
was
supp
ose
d t
o p
rote
ct A
mer
ican
far
mer
s, b
ut
end
ed u
p h
urt
ing t
hem
. B
y r
edu
cin
g t
he
flow
of
good
s in
to
the
US
; th
e ta
riff
pre
ven
ted
oth
er c
oun
trie
s fr
om
ear
nin
g A
mer
ican
cu
rren
cy t
o b
uy A
mer
ican
good
s.
(Wo
rld
tra
de
dec
lin
ed).
• H
ow
wer
e d
iffe
ren
t g
rou
ps
of
peo
ple
aff
ecte
d b
y th
e busi
nes
s cy
cles
of
the
1920s
and 1
930s?
• H
ow
do
eco
no
mic
ch
an
ges
im
pa
ct s
oci
ety?
• W
hy
an
d h
ow
do
es e
con
om
ic p
rosp
erit
y va
ry s
o m
uch
fro
m o
ne
segm
ent
of
soci
ety
to t
he
nex
t?
Lea
din
g u
p t
o t
he G
rea
t D
ep
ress
ion
U
rb
an
iza
tio
n –
Cit
ies
spre
ad b
oth
up a
nd
ou
t w
ith
incr
easi
ng p
op
ula
tion
I
nst
all
men
t p
lan
– p
eop
le c
ou
ld b
uy o
n e
asy
cred
it a
nd t
hen
pay
off
th
eir
deb
t in
sm
alle
r am
ou
nts
on
a
mon
thly
bas
is i
nst
ead o
f p
ayin
g o
ne
lum
p s
um
.
O
verp
rod
ucti
on
– m
ore
good
s ar
e p
rod
uce
d t
han
nec
essa
ry,
ther
efore
lo
wer
ing t
he
pri
ces.
H
oo
vervil
les
- h
om
eles
s m
en,
wom
en a
nd
chil
dre
n w
ere
forc
ed t
o t
ake
up r
esid
ence
in
sh
acks
as a
res
ult
of
the
Gre
at D
epre
ssio
n.
An
gry
, co
ld a
nd
hun
gry
Am
eric
ans,
wh
o h
ad n
o o
ther
pla
ce t
o r
esid
e, n
ick
-
nam
ed t
he
shac
ks
in h
on
or
of
Pre
sid
ent
Her
ber
t H
oover
.
B
rea
dli
nes
& S
ou
p K
itch
en
s – p
eop
le r
ecei
ved
fre
e fo
od
– a
lmost
25%
of
the
nat
ion
was
un
emp
loyed
.
B
on
us
Arm
y (
1932
) -
A g
ath
erin
g o
f 1
2,0
00
to 1
5,0
00
Worl
d W
ar I
vet
eran
s w
ho,
wit
h t
hei
r w
ives
and
chil
dre
n, co
nver
ged
on
Was
hin
gto
n, D
.C., d
eman
din
g P
resi
den
t H
oover
giv
e im
med
iate
bonu
s p
aym
ent
for
war
tim
e se
rvic
es,
to a
llev
iate
th
e ec
on
om
ic h
ard
ship
of
the
Gre
at D
epre
ssio
n.
D
ust
Bow
l -
a te
rm b
orn
in
th
e h
ard
tim
es f
rom
th
e p
eop
le w
ho l
ived
in
th
e d
rou
ght-
stri
cken
reg
ion
du
rin
g t
he
gre
at d
epre
ssio
n. F
arm
ers
suff
ered
gre
atly
.
8.0
3 -
Ass
ess
the
poli
tica
l, e
con
om
ic,
soci
al
an
d c
ult
ura
l ef
fect
s of
the
war
on
th
e
Un
ited
Sta
tes
an
d o
ther
nati
on
s.
9.0
1 -
Cy
cle
of
econ
om
ic b
oo
m a
nd
bu
st i
n t
he
19
20
s an
d 1
930
s.
9.0
2 –
Pro
sper
ity
for
dif
fere
nt
seg
men
ts o
f so
ciet
y d
uri
ng
th
is p
erio
d.
35
•
Ho
w d
o t
ech
no
log
ica
l a
nd
so
cial
changes
im
pact
Am
eric
an t
radit
ions?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t sh
ou
ld t
he
fed
eral
gove
rnm
ent
att
empt
to e
ffec
t ec
onom
ic a
nd s
oci
al
cha
ng
e?
• W
hat
sho
uld
th
e ro
le o
f th
e fe
der
al
gove
rnm
ent
be
in t
he
econom
ic a
nd s
oci
al
live
s of
its
citi
zen
s?
• W
hat
lon
g t
erm
eff
ects
did
th
e N
ew
Dea
l have
on t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s?
T
ech
no
log
y –
rad
io,
elec
tric
ity,
auto
mob
iles,
and a
irp
lanes
mo
der
niz
ed A
meri
ca.
M
usi
c –
Th
e J
azz
Ag
e -
Gre
w o
ut
of
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an m
usi
c o
f th
e so
uth
(b
lues
), w
as l
argely
im
pro
vis
ed w
ith a
n o
ff-
bea
t, s
ynco
pat
ed,
rhyth
m.
L
ou
is A
rm
stro
ng
and D
uk
e E
llin
gto
n –
infl
uenti
al
musi
cia
ns.
M
ovie
s –
Mo
vie
att
end
ance
skyro
cket
ed i
n b
oth
sil
en
t fi
lms
an
d “
talk
ies”
Th
e J
azz
Sin
ger
in 1
927 w
as t
he
firs
t fi
lm w
ith s
ound,
a “ta
lkie
”
L
itera
ture
L
ost
Gen
era
tio
n –
A g
roup o
f A
mer
ican w
rite
rs d
isenchante
d b
y t
he
gro
win
g p
op
-cu
ltu
re o
f th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s.
They l
eft
the
U.S
. fo
r E
uro
pe
(pri
mari
ly P
ari
s).
Auth
ors
inclu
ded
F.
Sco
tt F
itzg
era
ld a
nd
E
arn
est
Hem
ing
wa
y
S
incla
ir L
ew
is -
a w
rite
r w
ho w
as t
he
firs
t A
meri
can t
o w
in t
he
Nob
el
Pri
ze i
n l
iter
atu
re.
He
was
am
on
g t
he
eras
mo
st o
uts
po
ken c
riti
cs.
P
roh
ibit
ion
– t
he
tim
e p
erio
d a
fter
the
18
th A
men
dm
en
t and V
ols
tead
Act
in w
hic
h t
he
man
ufa
cturi
ng,
pro
duct
ion,
sale
,
and c
onsu
mp
tio
n o
f alc
oho
l w
as i
llegal.
S
pea
kea
sies
-
bar
s th
at o
pera
ted i
llegall
y
B
oo
tleg
gers
- s
up
pli
ers
of
ille
gal
alc
oho
l
•
How
were
gove
rnm
ent
pro
gra
ms
in t
he
1920s
and 3
0s
a c
hall
enge
to t
radit
ional
pra
ctic
es i
n r
elig
ion,
race
, and g
ender
?
• H
ow
does
confl
ict
pro
mote
change
in a
nati
on’s
iden
tity
?
• T
o w
hat
deg
ree
did
Am
eric
a e
xper
ience
so
cial
pro
gre
ss d
uri
ng t
he
1920s
and 3
0s?
• H
ow
wa
s A
mer
ica c
hanged
the
1920s
and 3
0s?
W
om
en
S
uff
ra
ge –
The
19
th A
men
dm
en
t fi
rst
gave
wo
men t
he
right
to v
ote
in 1
92
0.
W
om
en b
egan w
ork
ing o
ut
of
the
ho
me
mo
re,
atte
nd
ing m
ore
socia
l cl
ubs,
and
hav
ing a
gre
ater
vo
ice
in s
ocie
ty.
F
lap
pers
- A
meri
can w
om
en o
f th
e 192
0s
who w
ere
reb
ell
ious,
energ
etic
, an
d b
old
, w
eari
ng s
ho
rter
sk
irts
, b
ob
bed
hair
, an
d h
eav
y m
ake-
up
. W
hil
e no
t m
any w
om
en a
ctuall
y a
dop
ted t
he
flap
per
lif
esty
le,
man
y d
id a
do
pt
new
fas
hio
n i
dea
s fr
om
th
em
, m
od
ern
izin
g t
he
Am
eric
an w
om
an.
E
leanor
Ro
ose
velt
was
an o
uts
po
ken a
dvocat
e fo
r w
om
en’s
rig
hts
.
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
s
B
lack
s w
ere
stil
l fe
eli
ng t
he
eff
ects
of
segregati
on
bec
ause
of
thin
gs
like
Jim
Cro
w L
aw
s and
the
resu
lt o
f th
e S
up
rem
e C
ourt
Cas
e P
less
y v
. F
erg
uso
n.
A
fric
an A
meri
cans
also
felt
res
ista
nce
and v
iole
nce
fro
m g
roups
such a
s th
e K
u K
lux K
lan
(K
KK
) w
hic
h w
as f
orm
ed
again
st a
nyo
ne
who
was
no
t a
whit
e pro
test
ant.
In j
ust
one
yea
r, K
KK
mem
ber
ship
gre
w f
rom
10
0,0
00
to
4 m
illi
on.
M
any A
fric
an A
mer
icans
join
ed i
n t
he
Gre
at
Mig
rati
on
, m
ovin
g f
rom
the
south
to
th
e no
rth f
or
bet
ter
job
op
po
rtu
nit
ies
and t
o e
scap
e th
e v
iole
nce
of
the
south
. T
he n
ort
h d
id o
ffer
som
e re
lief,
it
was
no
t th
e la
nd
of
equali
ty m
an
y h
op
ed f
or.
Harl
em
Ren
ais
san
ce –
the
Afr
ican A
mer
ican
lit
era
ry a
wak
enin
g o
f th
e 19
20
s, c
eleb
rati
ng A
fric
an A
meri
can c
ult
ure
.
La
ng
sto
n H
ug
hes
and
Zora N
eale
Hu
rst
on
wer
e tw
o f
am
ous
auth
ors
.
Un
ited
Neg
ro I
mp
rov
em
en
t A
ssocia
tion
(U
NIA
) -
led b
y M
arcu
s G
arv
ey
, th
e U
NIA
aim
ed t
o b
uil
d u
p A
fric
an
Am
eri
cans’
sel
f-re
spec
t an
d e
cono
mic
pow
er.
Gar
vey i
n h
is B
ack
to A
fric
a M
ov
em
en
t urg
ed A
fric
an A
mer
icans
to
retu
rn t
o “
mo
ther
land
Afr
ica”
to c
reat
e a
self
-go
vern
ing n
atio
n.
So
me
Afr
ican A
mer
ican l
eader
s cr
itic
ized G
arvey b
ecau
se o
f his
cal
l fo
r th
e se
par
atio
n o
f th
e ra
ces
The
Na
tio
na
l A
ssocia
tio
n f
or t
he A
dva
ncem
en
t of
Colo
red
Peop
le (
NA
AC
P),
led
by W
.E.B
. D
u B
ois
, fo
ug
ht
to
pro
tect
the
rig
hts
of
Afr
ican A
meri
cans
Imm
igra
nts
I
tali
an i
mm
igra
nts
Sa
cco a
nd
Va
nze
tti
wer
e co
nvic
ted,
sente
nce
d t
o d
eath
, and
kil
led
wit
hin
4 m
onth
s o
f b
ein
g a
rres
ted
fo
r th
e ro
bb
ery
and
mu
rder
of
a m
an.
Many A
mer
icans
bel
ieved
they w
ere
arr
este
d m
ain
ly b
ecau
se t
hey w
ere
imm
igra
nts
w
ith r
adic
al
beli
efs
.
T
he
Nati
on
al
Ori
gin
s A
ct w
as p
asse
d i
n 1
92
4,
red
uci
ng t
he
qu
ota
of
imm
igra
nts
all
ow
ed i
n t
o 2
per
cent
of
the
1890 c
ensu
s. I
t al
so
spec
ific
ally
excl
uded
the
Japan
ese.
P
resi
den
t H
ardin
g b
elie
ved t
hat
res
tric
ting i
mm
igra
tion h
elped
the
cause
of
soci
al s
tabil
ity.
R
eli
gio
n
R
elig
ious
trad
itio
nali
sts
push
ed C
hri
stia
ns
tow
ard t
he
idea
of
fun
da
men
tali
sm,
whic
h a
rgued
that
God i
nsp
ired
the
Bib
le,
so i
t ca
nno
t co
nta
in c
ontr
adic
tio
ns
or
erro
rs,
it i
s li
tera
lly t
rue.
A
imee S
em
ple
McP
herso
n a
nd B
illy
Su
nd
ay w
ere
two i
nfl
uenti
al
fundam
enta
list
s.
T
he
Scop
es
Tria
l – a
fter
a s
mall
to
wn t
each
er t
aught
the
theo
ry o
f evo
luti
on i
n h
is b
iolo
gy c
lass
, he
was
tak
en t
o c
ourt
and
the
case
bec
am
e a
bat
tle
bet
wee
n t
wo o
f th
e co
untr
ies
gre
ates
t la
wyer
s – W
illi
am
Jen
nin
gs
Bry
an (
Fundam
enta
list
)
and
Cla
rence
Dar
row
(su
pp
ort
er o
f fr
ee s
pee
ch)
over
const
ituti
onal
rights
and t
he
changin
g b
eli
efs
and v
alu
es o
f th
e
Un
ited
Sta
tes.
A
s ex
pec
ted
, si
nce
Sco
pes
ha
d c
lear
ly v
iola
ted T
ennes
see
law
, W
illi
am
Jennin
gs
Bry
an a
nd t
he
funda-
men
tali
sts
wo
n.
•
Ho
w d
id t
he
role
of
the
fed
era
l g
ove
rnm
ent
change
duri
ng t
he
1920s
ands
30s?
•
Is
it a
pp
rop
ria
te f
or
the
go
vern
men
t to
be
invo
lved
in s
oci
al
and e
conom
ic c
hange?
•
To
wh
at
deg
ree
did
Am
eric
a c
ha
ng
e posi
tive
ly o
r neg
ati
vely
duri
ng t
he
1920s
and 3
0s?
•
Wh
y d
id c
itiz
ens
all
ow
th
e fe
der
al
go
vern
men
t to
incr
ease
its
pow
er d
uri
ng t
he
Gre
at
Dep
ress
ion,
and h
ow
did
it
imp
act
t
he
futu
re o
f th
e n
ati
on
?
F
DR
’s N
ew
Dea
l
“
Bra
in T
ru
st”-
FD
R c
arefu
lly p
icked
ad
vis
ers
who b
egan t
o f
orm
ula
te a
new
set
of
poli
cie
s des
igned
to a
llevia
te t
he
pro
ble
ms
of
the
Dep
ress
ion.
Th
is b
ecam
e k
now
n a
s th
e N
ew
Deal-
a p
hra
se t
aken
fro
m a
cam
paig
n s
pee
ch i
n w
hic
h
Ro
ose
velt
had
pro
mis
ed “
a N
ew D
eal
for
the
Am
eric
an p
eople
.” I
ts p
oli
cy i
s fo
cuse
d o
n t
hre
e gener
al
goals
: re
lief
for
the
nee
dy,
eco
no
mic
rec
overy
, an
d f
inancia
l re
form
. S
ocia
l S
ecu
rit
y –
Sta
rted
by t
he
Socia
l S
ecuri
ty A
ct,
it w
as o
ne
of
the
New
Dea
l’s
mo
st i
mpo
rtant
achie
vem
ents
. It
pro
vid
ed f
inancia
l se
curi
ty i
n t
hre
e m
ajor
par
ts:
old
age
insu
rance
for
reti
rees
65 o
r o
lder
and t
heir
spo
use
s, u
nem
plo
y-
men
t co
mp
ensa
tio
n s
yst
em
, and
aid
fo
r fa
mil
ies
wit
h d
ependent
chil
dre
n a
nd t
he
dis
able
d.
C
ivil
ian
Co
nse
rv
ati
on
Corp
s (C
CC
) -
put
2.5
mil
lio
n y
oung,
un
mar
ried
men t
o w
ork
main
tain
ing f
ore
sts,
bea
ches
,
and
par
ks.
They e
arned
$3
0 a
mo
nth
and h
ad f
ree
ho
usi
ng,
food,
job t
rain
ing,
and h
ealt
hca
re.
A
gric
ult
ura
l A
dju
stm
en
t A
ct
(AA
A)
- T
ried
to r
aise
far
m p
rice
s th
rough s
ubsi
die
s, g
overn
ment
financia
l as
sist
ance
.
The
AA
A u
sed
taxes
to
pay
farm
ers
not
to r
aise
cer
tain
cro
ps,
in h
opes
that
low
eri
ng p
rod
uct
ion w
ould
cau
se p
rice
s to
go
up
.
F
ed
era
l D
ep
osi
t In
sura
nce C
orp
ora
tion
(F
DIC
) – E
stab
lish
ed b
y t
he
Gla
ss-S
teagall
Bank
ing A
ct
of
1933,
the
FD
IC
was
est
abli
shed
to
insu
re b
ank
dep
osi
ts u
p t
o $
5,0
00 d
oll
ars
. T
he
FD
IC p
revente
d b
anks
fro
m c
losi
ng,
and I
t st
ill
pro
tect
s o
ur
mo
ney t
od
ay.
S
ecu
rit
ies
an
d E
xch
an
ge C
om
mis
sion
(S
EC
) -
Set
up a
fter
the
Fed
eral
Sec
uri
ties
Act
(whic
h r
equir
ed c
om
panie
s to
rele
ase
info
rmat
ion a
bo
ut
their
fin
ance
s if
they s
ell
sto
ck),
the
SE
C w
as s
et u
p b
y c
ong
ress
to r
egula
te t
he
stock
mar
ket
.
The
com
mis
sio
n s
till
ex
ists
to
day.
N
ati
on
al
Ind
ust
ria
l R
ecov
ery
Act
(NIR
A)
– S
ought
to r
ais
e pri
ces
and b
ala
nce
the
unst
able
eco
no
my t
hro
ugh e
xte
n-
sive
pla
nn
ing.
Co
des
wer
e m
ade
to e
stab
lish
fair
busi
nes
s pra
ctic
es;
it c
ontr
oll
ed w
ork
ing c
ond
itio
ns,
pro
ducti
on p
rice
s,
and
est
abli
shed
a m
inim
um
wage.
P
ub
lic W
ork
s A
dm
inis
tra
tio
n (
PW
A)
– P
rece
ded
by t
he
NIR
A,
the
PW
A c
om
ple
ted p
roje
cts
rangin
g f
rom
dam
s to
bri
dges
to
hig
hw
ays.
T
en
ness
ee V
all
ey A
uth
orit
y (
TV
A)
– H
elp
ed f
arm
ers
and c
reat
ed j
obs
by r
eact
ivat
ing a
hydro
ele
ctri
c pow
er p
lant
use
d d
uri
ng W
WI.
It
pro
vid
ed c
hea
p p
ow
er,
flo
od c
ontr
ol,
and r
ecre
atio
nal
acti
vit
ies
to t
he
enti
re T
ennes
see
Val
ley.
W
ork
s P
rog
ress
Ad
min
istr
ati
on
(W
PA
) – P
rovid
ed w
ork
for
mo
re t
han 8
mil
lio
n c
itiz
ens.
It
impro
ved
tho
usa
nds
of
scho
ols
, p
lay
gro
un
ds,
ho
spit
als
, ai
rfie
lds,
and a
lso s
upport
ed c
reat
ive
work
s o
f ar
tist
s an
d w
rite
rs.
N
ati
on
al
La
bor R
ela
tio
ns
Boa
rd
(W
ag
ner A
ct)
- L
egali
zed u
nio
n p
ract
ices
such a
s co
llec
tive
bar
gain
ing a
nd c
lose
d
sho
ps
(wo
rkp
lace
s o
nly
op
en t
o u
nio
n m
em
ber
s).
The
NL
RB
enfo
rced
the
Wagner
Act
.
F
air
La
bor S
tan
da
rd
s – S
et t
he
maxim
um
work
ho
urs
for
the
wee
k a
t 44 h
rs,
to d
rop t
o 4
0 h
rs a
fter
2 y
ears
. It
als
o s
et
a m
inim
um
wage
($.2
5,
wh
ich w
ould
eventu
all
y b
e ra
ised
). I
t se
t ru
les
for
the
em
plo
ym
ent
of
those
under
16,
as w
ell
as
ban
ned
haz
ard
ous
wo
rk f
or
tho
se u
nder
the
age
of
18.
9.0
3 -
Soci
al,
in
tell
ectu
al
an
d t
ech
nolo
gic
al
cha
ng
es o
f li
fest
yle
in
th
e U
.S.
9.0
4 -
Ch
all
eng
es t
o t
rad
itio
nal
pract
ices
in
rel
igio
n,
race
, a
nd
gen
der
.
9.0
5 -
Im
pact
of
the
New
Dea
l re
form
s in
en
larg
ing
th
e ro
le o
f th
e fe
der
al
govern
men
t in
Am
eric
an
lif
e.
36
Benito Mussolini (Italy), Adolf Hitler (Germany), Emperor Hirohito (Japan), Joseph Stalin (Russia)
Totalitarian leader who promised to lead Germany out of their depression and restore the country to the great nation it once was
Agreement to outlaw war – but it could not be enforced
Series of laws enacted by the United States which aimed to keep the United States out of World War II
Agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany that they would not attack each other
Speech given by FDR describing what Americans should fight for
Allowed the US to let countries who were important to its national security borrow supplies needed for war.
Site of Japanese attack on the United States which drew the US into WWII
War strategy - “lightening war”
Battle of Britain, Stalingrad, D-Day (Operation Overlord), Battle of the Bulge
Battle of Midway, Iwo Jima, Okinawa
Led the United states in the Pacific during WWII and the Korean War
Battle strategy used in WWII to take over an island and then use it as a strategic base on their way to Japan
Locations for the allies to discuss what would happen at the end of WWII
Victory in Europe Day & Victory in Japan day for the Allies
Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer, this secret project created the atomic bombs
War crimes trials that convicted Nazi leaders of the atrocities committed during the Holocaust
Required young men to register for the draft
Government organization that oversaw the production of goods for war
Individuals cut back on the goods they use so that more supplies can be used in the war effort
Money invested in the government to support the war that has a small return over time
Program to give returning GIs housing loans and free college education
Suburbs built primarily for returning GIs; inexpensive because nearly all of the houses were the same.
Population spike after WWII
Propaganda poster used to encourage women to leave the home and work in factories to help the war effort
Rounding up of everyone of Japanese decent in the US and forcing them to live in camps for national security
Supreme Court case which said its legal to take away civil rights during times of emergency
Winston Churchill’s symbolic divide between the Communist East and Democratic West.
United States policy to stop the spread of communism (containment)
Plan to give economic aid to Western Europe after WWII so that nations would not fall to communism
Allies sent food and supplies into West Berlin despite a Soviet Blockade
War fought to contain communism at the 38th parallel after the Communist North invaded the non-Communist South
Added to the Truman Doctrine, saying that the United States would give aid to countries in the Middle East
U.S. spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union
Communist leader of Cuba
Embarrassing failure of an attempt by the U.S. to overthrow the Communist government of Cuba
Wall dividing the city of Berlin between the Democratic West and Communist East
Nuclear standoff between the USSR and US – the cold war began to heat up
Agreement not to test nuclear weapons in the atmosphere
Group created to discuss problems between countries in an attempt to avoid war
North Atlantic Treaty Organization – a military alliance the United States joined
Military alliance between the Soviet Union and their communist satellite nations
Goal 10 – World War II & the Beginning of the Cold War
37
Directions: Fill in each box with details about the heading. Use terms from the Goal 10 glossary page if you need ideas.
Start of WWII Abroad Causes for US entry in to WWII
Fighting WWII on Two Fronts
EUROPE PACIFIC
U.S. Homefront
Start of the Cold War
Organizations Designed to maintain Peace
38
GO
AL
10
– W
WII
AN
D T
HE
BE
GIN
NIN
G O
F T
HE
CO
LD
WA
R (1
930
-196
3)
• W
ha
t fa
cto
rs c
om
bin
ed t
o d
raw
th
e w
orl
d a
nd
ult
ima
tely
th
e U
. S
. in
to W
orl
d W
ar
II?
• W
as
US
invo
lvem
ent
in t
he
Wo
rld W
ar
II i
nev
ita
ble
?
• W
ere
the
rea
son
s fo
r th
e U
S’s
en
try
into
th
e W
orl
d W
ar
II j
ust
ifia
ble
?
Con
cep
ts W
hic
h L
ed
to C
on
flic
t
I
sola
tion
ism
- A
mer
ica'
s lo
ngst
andin
g r
eluct
ance
to b
ecom
e in
volv
ed i
n E
uro
pea
n a
llia
nce
s an
d
war
s
T
ota
lita
ria
nis
m –
a t
yp
e of
go
ver
nm
ent
in w
hic
h a
ll s
oci
al,
poli
tica
l, e
cono
mic
, in
tell
ectu
al, an
d
cult
ura
l ac
tivit
ies
are
contr
oll
ed b
y t
he
rule
rs o
f a
stat
e
M
ilit
aris
m -
bel
ief
or
des
ire
of
a gover
nm
ent
or
peo
ple
that
a c
ountr
y s
hould
mai
nta
in a
str
ong
mil
itar
y c
apab
ilit
y a
nd b
e p
rep
ared
to u
se i
t
N
ati
on
ali
sm –
a l
ove
and p
ride
for
one’
s co
untr
y
A
pp
ea
sem
en
t -
the
poli
cy o
f gra
nti
ng c
once
ssio
ns
to p
ote
nti
al e
nem
ies
in o
rder
mai
nta
in p
eace
F
asc
ism
- a
uth
ori
tari
an n
atio
nal
ist
poli
tica
l id
eolo
gie
s or
mas
s m
ovem
ents
that
are
conce
rned
wit
h n
oti
ons
of
cult
ura
l dec
line
Poli
tica
l L
ea
der
s
A
llie
s
Jose
ph
Sta
lin
– R
uss
ia (
Com
munis
t)
Win
ston
Ch
urch
ill
– G
reat
Bri
tain
(D
emocr
acy)
Fra
nk
lin
D.
Roose
velt
– U
nit
ed S
tate
s (D
emocr
acy)
A
xis
Pow
ers
Em
peror H
iroh
ito –
Jap
an (
Mil
itar
ism
)
Ben
ito M
uss
oli
ni
– I
taly
(F
asci
st)
Ad
olf
Hit
ler –
Ger
man
y (
Fas
cist
)
Poli
tica
l E
ven
ts
K
ell
ogg
-Bria
nd
Pact
(192
8)
- M
ade
war
ill
egal
. T
his
fai
led b
ecau
se t
her
e w
as n
o w
ay t
o
enfo
rce
the
law
.
N
eu
tra
lity
Acts
(19
35
) -
Pas
sed b
y t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s pri
or
to t
hei
r en
try i
nto
WW
II,
thes
e ac
ts
forb
ade
giv
ing a
ny t
yp
e of
aid t
o c
ountr
ies
at w
ar.
Q
ua
ra
nti
ne S
peec
h (
1937
) –
a s
pee
ch b
y F
DR
whic
h c
alle
d f
or
an i
nte
rnat
ional
“q
uar
anti
ne
of
aggre
ssor
nat
ions”
thro
ugh e
cono
mic
pre
ssure
.
M
un
ich
Pa
ct
(193
8)
- It
per
mit
ted i
mm
edia
te o
ccup
atio
n b
y G
erm
any o
f th
e S
ud
eten
land,
a
regio
n o
f C
zech
osl
ovak
ia
N
on
-Ag
gre
ssio
n P
act
(1939
) –
an a
gre
emen
t b
etw
een G
erm
any a
nd t
he
US
SR
not
to a
ttac
k
each
oth
er.
It w
as s
upp
ose
d t
o l
ast
10
yea
rs b
ut
last
ed l
ess
than
2.
F
ou
r F
reed
om
s (1
941
) –
a s
pee
ch b
y F
DR
that
sta
ted t
hat
peo
ple
all
over
the
worl
d s
hould
hav
e (1
) fr
eedo
m o
f sp
eech
(2)
free
do
m o
f re
ligio
n (
3)
free
do
m f
rom
wan
t (4
) fr
eedo
m f
rom
fea
r.
L
en
d-L
ea
se A
ct (
March
1941
)– T
his
Act
bas
ical
ly r
epea
led t
he
Neu
tral
ity A
cts,
all
ow
ing t
he
unit
ed s
tate
s to
aid
any c
ou
ntr
y t
hat
they
saw
as
esse
nti
al t
o U
S s
ecuri
ty.
P
ea
rl H
arb
or –
In D
ecem
ber
of
194
1, Ja
pan
att
ack
ed a
US
mil
itar
y b
ase
in P
earl
Har
bor,
HI.
This
bec
ame
the
imm
edia
te c
ause
of
the
US
’s e
ntr
y i
nto
WW
II.
•
To
wha
t ex
ten
t did
th
e m
ilit
ary
, poli
tica
l, a
nd
dip
lom
ati
c tu
rnin
g p
oin
ts o
f W
orl
d W
ar
II
d
eter
min
e th
e ou
tco
me
and
aft
erm
ath
of
the
wa
r?
•
Ho
w w
ere
Am
eric
a a
nd
th
e w
orl
d d
iffe
ren
t bec
au
se o
f th
e ev
ents
of
Wo
rld
Wa
r II
?
•
Wha
t ch
ang
es t
o s
oci
ety
resu
lted
fro
m t
he
trea
tmen
t of
vari
ou
s g
roup
s of
peo
ple
Pro
pa
ga
nd
a –
met
ho
ds
use
d t
o c
onvin
ce t
he
pub
lic
to s
up
po
rt w
ar e
ffo
rts.
Bli
tzk
rieg
– G
erm
an m
etho
d o
f w
ar w
hic
h i
ncl
ud
ed s
urp
rise
air
and
lan
d a
ttac
ks.
All
y L
ead
ers
G
ener
al
Geo
rge
Pa
tto
n –
US
gen
eral
invo
lved
wit
h t
he
inv
asio
n o
f It
aly.
D
ou
gla
s M
acA
rth
ur –
Co
mm
and
ing g
ener
al o
f th
e U
S m
ilit
ary i
n t
he
Pac
ific
.
C
hes
ter
Nim
itz
– U
S a
dm
iral
who
use
d t
he
met
ho
d o
f is
lan
d h
op
pin
g
(US
str
ateg
y o
f at
tackin
g s
om
e is
land
s and
lea
vin
g o
ther
s as
they m
ade
thei
r w
ay
acro
ss t
he
Pac
ific
Oce
an t
o J
apan
)
M
ajo
r b
att
les/
Imp
ort
an
t E
ven
ts i
n W
WII
B
att
le o
f B
rita
in (
Au
g. 1
940
) – G
erm
an a
ttac
k o
n B
rita
in –
mo
stly
by a
ir
B
att
le o
f M
idw
ay
(Ju
ne
19
42
) –
Aft
er t
his
All
y v
icto
ry o
ver
Jap
an,
the
Jap
anes
e w
ere
un
able
to
lau
nch
an
y m
ore
off
ensi
ve
acti
on
s in
th
e P
acif
ic.
S
tali
ng
rad
(S
ept.
19
42
) –
Ger
man
s su
rren
der
ed t
o t
he
All
ies
in R
uss
ia a
nd i
t b
ecam
e a
maj
or
turn
ing p
oin
t of
the
war
in
th
e E
ast.
D
-Da
y (
Op
era
tio
n O
ver
lord
) (J
un
e 19
44
) -
Th
e A
llie
d t
roo
ps
beg
an t
he
lib
erat
ion
of
Wes
tern
Eu
rop
e.
B
att
le o
f th
e B
ulg
e (D
ec.
19
44)–
A b
attl
e in
bet
wee
n G
erm
any a
nd
th
e A
llie
s in
wh
ich
afte
r m
uch
bac
k a
nd
fo
rth
, w
ith
th
e h
elp
of
the
Un
ited
Sta
tes,
the
All
ies
def
eat
the
Ger
man
s.
I
wo J
ima
(N
ov.
194
4)
– A
mer
ican
s at
tack
ed J
apan
by a
ir a
nd
by l
and
.
O
kin
aw
a (
Ap
ril
19
45
) –
10
0,0
00
Jap
anes
e v. 1
80
,00
0 A
llie
s. A
fter
mo
nth
s o
f fi
gh
tin
g
7,2
00
Jap
anes
e su
rren
der
ed.
Over
50
,00
0 A
mer
ican
s d
ied
.
C
asa
bla
nca
, T
ehra
n, Y
alt
a,
Po
tsd
am
– C
on
fere
nce
s b
etw
een t
he
big
wo
rld
po
wer
s
dis
cuss
ing t
he
end o
f th
e w
ar a
nd
ho
w t
o s
ecu
re l
asti
ng p
eace
.
M
an
ha
tta
n P
roje
ct –
Led
by J
. R
ob
ert
Op
pen
hei
mer
, th
is w
as t
he
pro
ject
wh
ich
dev
elo
ped
th
e a
tom
ic b
om
b w
hic
h w
as d
ropp
ed t
wic
e o
n H
iro
shim
a an
d N
agas
aki.
V
-E D
ay
, V
-J D
ay
– V
icto
ry i
n E
uro
pe
and V
icto
ry i
n J
apan
Day
s.
G
eno
cid
e/H
olo
cau
st –
Th
e sy
stem
atic
, st
ate-
spo
nso
red
per
secu
tio
n a
nd
mu
rder
of
app
roxim
atel
y s
ix m
illi
on
Jew
s b
y t
he
Naz
i re
gim
e
N
ure
mb
erg
Tri
als
– T
rial
s o
f th
e N
azi
com
man
der
s fo
r th
e cr
imes
on
hu
man
ity o
f th
e
Ho
loca
ust
. 1
2 w
ere
sen
ten
ced
to
be
han
ged
, sh
ow
ing t
hat
lea
der
s m
ust
be
hel
d
resp
on
sib
le f
or
thei
r ac
tio
ns.
10
.01 -
Wo
rld
Wa
r II
an
d r
ea
son
s fo
r th
e U
nit
ed
Sta
tes’
en
try
in
to t
he
wa
r.
10
.02 -
Id
enti
fy m
ilit
ary
, p
oli
tica
l, a
nd
dip
lom
ati
c tu
rn
ing
po
ints
of
the
wa
r
39
• H
ow
an
d w
hy
did
Wo
rld
Wa
r II
im
pa
ct t
he
econo
mic
, so
cial,
cult
ura
l, a
nd p
oli
tica
l li
fe o
f th
e U
.S.?
• H
ow
did
th
e w
ar
bri
ng a
bo
ut
inno
vati
on a
nd
cha
ng
e on
th
e ho
me
front?
•
Ho
w a
re c
ivil
lib
erti
es c
ha
llen
ged
du
ring
tim
es o
f co
nfl
ict?
• S
hou
ld c
ivil
lib
erti
es b
e d
enie
d d
uri
ng a
tim
e o
f w
ar?
Wa
r E
ffo
rts
at
Ho
me
S
elec
tiv
e S
ervic
es A
ct –
Dra
ft f
or
yo
un
g m
en t
o s
ign
up
to
ser
ve
in t
he
mil
itar
y
in W
WII
. T
his
was
th
e fi
rst
pea
ceti
me
dra
ft.
W
ar
Pro
du
ctio
n B
oa
rd –
go
ver
nm
ent
agen
cy t
hat
over
saw
pro
du
ctio
n o
f go
od
s in
WW
II.
R
ati
on
ing
– C
onse
rvin
g f
oo
d a
nd
go
od
s to
hel
p w
ar e
ffo
rts.
W
ar
bo
nd
s – h
elp
ed r
aise
mo
ney f
or
the
go
ver
nm
ent
and
th
e w
ar.
R
osi
e th
e R
ivet
er –
med
ia p
rop
agan
da
crea
tio
n d
evis
ed t
o e
nco
ura
ge
wo
men
to
fil
l
in f
or
men
wh
ile
they w
ere
figh
tin
g W
orl
d W
ar I
I.
W
AC
S –
a d
ivis
ion
of
the
mil
itar
y i
n w
hic
h w
om
en s
erved
.
Eff
ects
of
WW
II o
n A
mer
ica
n S
oci
ety
G
.I.
Bil
l –
pro
vid
ed m
on
ey f
or
coll
ege
and
lo
ans
to b
uy h
om
es f
or
peo
ple
in t
he
mil
itar
y.
L
evit
tow
n –
sub
urb
an n
eigh
bo
rho
od
s. H
om
es w
ere
bu
ilt
qu
ickly
an
d f
or
less
mo
ney.
B
ab
y b
oo
mer
s –
th
e p
opu
lati
on g
reat
ly i
ncr
ease
d a
fter
WW
II d
ue
to a
n i
ncr
ease
d
eco
no
my a
nd
men
ret
urn
ing h
om
e fr
om
war
. T
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
saw
in
crea
sed
con
form
ity d
uri
ng t
his
tim
e.
Res
tric
tio
ns
on
Civ
il L
iber
ties
C
ivil
lib
erti
es –
fre
edo
ms
that
pro
tect
in
div
idu
als
fro
m t
he
go
ver
nm
ent
to a
cer
tain
exte
nt
(exam
ple
s: f
reed
om
of
spee
ch,
reli
gio
n,
etc.
)
J
ap
an
ese
Inte
rnm
ent
– D
uri
ng W
WII
in
th
e U
S,
Jap
anes
e w
ere
forc
ed t
o l
ive
in
pri
son
-lik
e ca
mp
s b
ecau
se o
f U
S f
ear
of
spie
s an
d c
oo
per
atio
n w
ith
th
e Ja
pan
ese
go
ver
nm
ent.
K
ore
ma
tsu
v.
Un
ited
Sta
tes
(194
4)
– C
ou
rt c
ase
wh
ich
sai
d t
hat
in
tern
men
t ca
mp
s w
ere
legal
an
d f
urt
her
mo
re t
hey w
ere n
eed
ed f
or
the
secu
rity
of
the
US
.
• H
ow
did
th
e ev
ents
of
Wo
rld
Wa
r II
hel
p f
aci
lita
te t
he
on
set
of
the
Co
ld W
ar
and
in
fluen
ce A
mer
ican
f
ore
ign p
oli
cy t
hro
ugho
ut
mo
st o
f th
e 20th
cen
tury
?
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t w
as
Am
eric
a’s
dec
isio
n t
o d
rop t
he
ato
mic
bo
mb
a v
iab
le o
pti
on
to e
nd t
he
wa
r in
th
e
P
aci
fic?
• W
ha
t im
pact
did
Wo
rld
Wa
r II
ha
ve o
n t
he
econ
om
ic, so
cia
l, c
ult
ura
l, a
nd p
oli
tica
l li
fe o
f th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s?
C
on
tain
men
t –
Th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s’ p
oli
cy t
o s
top
th
e sp
read
of
com
mu
nis
m.
I
ron
Cu
rta
in –
In
194
6 C
hu
rchil
l m
ade
a sp
eech
in
wh
ich
he
said
th
e S
ovie
t U
nio
n h
ad
crea
ted
an
iro
n c
urt
ain
of
com
mu
nis
t d
om
inat
ion
and
op
pre
ssio
n.
T
rum
an
Do
ctri
ne (
19
47
) –
sta
ted
th
at t
he
po
licy
of
the
US
A m
ust
be
to c
on
tain
co
m-
mu
nis
m t
hro
ugh
su
ppo
rtin
g p
eop
le w
ho
are
res
isti
ng c
om
mu
nis
t o
pp
ress
ion
.
M
ars
ha
ll P
lan
(1
947
) –
tri
ed t
o s
tren
gth
en E
uro
pea
n n
atio
ns
by g
ivin
g t
hem
mo
ney t
o
crea
te s
tro
ng d
emo
crac
ies
and
eco
no
mie
s so
th
e n
atio
ns
wo
uld
no
t su
ppo
rt c
om
mu
nis
m
(So
vie
t U
nio
n).
B
erli
n A
irli
ft (
19
48
-19
52
)– D
rop
s o
f goo
ds
by t
he
US
in
to S
ovie
t-co
ntr
oll
ed E
ast-
Ber
lin
aft
er W
WII
.
K
ore
an
Wa
r (
19
50
-195
3)–
Po
st W
WII
Ko
rea
was
sp
lit
alo
ng t
he
38
th p
aral
lel.
Th
e
no
rth
was
co
mm
un
ist
and
th
e so
uth
an
ti-c
om
mu
nis
t. T
he
no
rth i
nvad
ed t
he
sou
th a
nd
the
U.S
. im
med
iate
ly c
alle
d f
or
UN
po
lice
act
ion
. R
uss
ia s
up
port
ed t
he
no
rth,
alli
es t
he
sou
th.
A t
hre
e yea
r w
ar e
nsu
ed, an
d i
n t
he
end
th
e li
ne
rem
ain
ed d
raw
n.
H
yd
rog
en B
om
b (
19
53
) –
Aft
er r
ecei
vin
g w
ord
th
at t
he
US
SR
had
cre
ated
an
ato
mic
bo
mb
, th
e U
S f
elt
the
nee
d t
o b
uil
d a
big
ger
/bet
ter/
mo
re p
ow
erfu
l b
om
b.
E
isen
ho
wer
Do
ctri
ne
(19
57
) –
Eis
enh
ow
er c
on
tin
ued
Tru
man
’s p
oli
cy o
f co
nta
inm
ent,
add
ing t
he
Mid
dle
Eas
t in
th
e p
rote
ctio
n f
rom
th
e sp
read
of
com
mu
nis
m.
U
-2 I
nci
den
t –
(1
960
) A
US
spy p
lan
e w
as s
ho
t do
wn
over
Russ
ia,
sho
win
g t
he
stre
ngth
an
d a
bil
itie
s of
the
US
SR
.
B
ay
of
Pig
s (1
96
1)
– T
he
US
mad
e a
fail
ed a
ttem
pt
to o
ver
thro
w t
he
Cub
an
go
ver
nm
ent
by s
up
po
rtin
g C
ub
an r
ebel
s w
ho w
ere
agai
nst
co
mm
un
ist
lead
er,
Fid
el
Ca
stro
.
B
erli
n W
all
(1
989
) –
Aft
er W
WII
th
e S
ovie
ts b
uil
t a
wal
l to
sp
lit
Eas
t an
d W
est
Ger
man
y.
It s
top
ped
peo
ple
fro
m f
leei
ng f
rom
th
e ea
st t
o t
he
wes
t. T
he
wal
l sy
mb
oli
zed
the
div
isio
n o
f th
e C
old
War
.
•
How
eff
ecti
ve h
ave
org
aniz
ati
on
s b
een
in
main
tain
ing
pea
ce i
n t
he
worl
d?
• H
ow
ha
s th
e st
atu
s o
f bei
ng a
super
po
wer
aff
ecte
d t
he
rela
tio
ns
bet
wee
n t
he
U.S
. an
d o
ther
na
tion
s?
• T
o w
hat
deg
ree
have
pea
ce-k
eep
ing o
rga
niz
ati
on
s b
een s
ucc
essf
ul
in t
hei
r pu
rpo
se?
U
nit
ed N
ati
on
s –
Th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s, G
reat
Bri
tain
, an
d t
he
US
SR
agre
ed t
o c
reat
e th
e
UN
so
th
at n
atio
ns
cou
ld s
ettl
e th
eir
dif
fere
nce
s p
eace
full
y.
Th
ey m
et a
t C
asa
bla
nca
,
Teh
ran
, P
ots
da
m,
an
d Y
alt
a a
mo
ng o
ther
pla
ces.
T
he
UN
als
o c
reat
ed a
sec
uri
ty c
ou
nci
l w
her
e th
e m
ajo
r p
ow
ers,
wh
o w
ou
ld b
e
per
man
ent
mem
ber
s, c
ou
ld v
eto
an
y m
easu
res
bro
ugh
t b
efo
re t
hem
.
O
.A.S
. –
Org
aniz
atio
n o
f A
mer
ican
Sta
tes
(No
rth
an
d S
ou
th A
mer
ica)
– p
rom
ote
d
coo
per
atio
n b
etw
een
dem
ocr
atic
nat
ion
s.
N
.A.T
.O.
– N
ort
h A
tlan
tic
Tre
aty O
rgan
izat
ion
– g
rou
p o
f U
S a
nd
Eu
rop
ean
all
ies
who
agre
ed t
o a
po
licy o
f co
llec
tive
secu
rity
(at
tack
on
on
e =
att
ack o
n a
ll).
W
ars
aw
Pa
ct –
Th
e S
ovie
t U
nio
n’s
res
pon
se t
o N
AT
O –
a m
ilit
ary a
llia
nce
bet
wee
n
the
US
SR
an
d i
ts s
atel
lite
nat
ion
s.
10
.03 -
Eff
ects
of
the
wa
r o
n A
mer
ica
n e
con
om
ic,
soci
al,
po
liti
cal,
an
d c
ult
ura
l li
fe.
10
.04 -
Ch
an
ges
in
th
e d
irec
tio
n o
f fo
reig
n p
oli
cy r
ela
ted
to
th
e b
egin
nin
g o
f
the
Co
ld W
ar.
10
.05 -
Org
an
iza
tio
ns
Est
ab
lish
ed t
o M
ain
tain
Pea
ce
40
Government organization created to seek out people who were disloyal to the United States
Prominent US government figure who was found guilty of and jailed for being a communist.
Couple charged, convicted, and executed by the US for espionage – leaking atomic secrets to the Soviets
Amended the National Labor Relations Act, establishing control of labor disputes by enlarging the National Labor Relations Board.
Truman’s domestic program which built on FDR’s New Deal. Believed that federal government should guarantee economic opportunity and social stability.
Labor unions created in 1955 by the merger of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations
Authorized the building of highways throughout the nation; biggest public works project in the nation's history
Permanent relaxation in international affairs during the Cold War
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks – two rounds of talks and agreements between the US and USSR concerning nuclear arms
Congress on Racial Equality, an interracial organization that tried to bring change through peaceful confrontation
Court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal) and said that schools must be integrated
Civil rights leader appointed to the Supreme Court in 1967. He ruled over many important civil rights cases for many decades
Woman who challenged segregation on buses in 1955 which led to the boycott of the bus system.
Boycott of the public bus system in Montgomery, Alabama after Rosa Parks was asked to give up her seat.
Leader of the civil rights movement who advocated non-violent means of achieving equality. He was assassinated in 1968
President Eisenhower sent in troops to protect 9 African American students entering into Central High School in Little Rock, AR
Organization of young African Americans who wanted immediate change. Later became associated with the Black Power Movement
Method of protesting segregation where people would sit in a restaurant until they were served.
Protesters tested desegregation laws by riding buses into the south – troops were sent in to protect them
200,000 people came to Washington, DC to protest civil rights – where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I have a dream” speech
Called for equal rights in jobs, schools, voting, and public services
Allowed federal officials to register voters where locals would not allow; eliminated literacy tests
Important figure in the Black Power Movement who later changed his views away from violent protest. Assassinated in 1965
Militant group who fought for civil rights. They called for African Americans to unite – Black Nationalism. (Marcus Garvey)
Movement by young people who wanted to resist the mainstream of dominant culture. This included changing music – rock & roll
Written by Betty Friedan, told housewives it was ok to yearn for more than their accepted role as a wife and mother
Fought for fair pay and equal opportunities for women.
Women’s rights advocate who started Ms. Magazine
Opposed the women’s movement, believed women belonged in the home with their family
Supreme Court case which legalized abortion
Leader in the Latino rights movement who pushed for change for migrant workers
Fought for treaty rights and better conditions/opportunities for Native Americans
Enforced the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act
Leader of Northern Vietnam
Gave the president expanded powers to conduct war in Vietnam
Agent Orange, Napalm
Turning point of the Vietnam conflict; US decides they do not want to fight anymore after a series of attacks by North Vietnam
American troops killed 400 women and children
Students were killed by the national guard while protesting the Vietnam War.
The US withdrew from the Vietnam War in 1973
Congress limited powers to conduct war
The capital of South Vietnam fell to the north. Vietnam became united and communist
Radio, Color TV, Nuclear Power, Computers
Government agency created for space exploration
Gave money to improve science and math in schools
Great Society: HUD, Head Start, VISTA, Medicare, National Endowment for the Humanities
People in Nixon’s reelection campaign were caught breaking into the Democratic Party’s headquarters. Nixon tried to stop the investigation and cover it up.
Led the investigation and found that Nixon had tape-recorded many of his oval office conversations
Nixon was told to turn over the tapes. He did with 18 ½ minutes missing
Abolition of poll taxes (1964)
Provisions for the succession of the president and vice president (1967)
18 year olds can vote (1971)
Goal 11 – Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil
41
What impact did then social
movements of the 60’s & 70’s
have on American society?
How and why did the US become
involved in the Vietnam War and
how did this affect society?
What impact did technological
innovations of the post-WWII
period have on American life?
What were the major political
trends of the 60’s & 70’s?
What were the major events of
the Civil Rights Movement and
what impact did they have?
How was the economic, political
and social life of America af-
fected by the Cold War?
Recovery,
Prosperity,
& Turmoil
(1945-1980)
Directions: Answer the following essential questions relating to American society from 1745-1980)
42
GO
AL
11
– R
EC
OV
ER
Y, P
RO
SP
ER
ITY
, &
TU
RM
OIL
(19
45
-1980
)
• H
ow
do
es a
na
tion
’s i
nvo
lvem
ent
in i
nte
rnati
on
al
con
flic
ts a
ffec
t p
oli
tics
an
d s
oci
ety
at
ho
me?
•
To
wha
t ex
ten
t did
th
e ef
fect
s of
the
Cold
Wa
r im
pa
ct e
cono
mic
, po
liti
cal,
and
so
cia
l li
fe i
n A
mer
ica?
• D
id t
he
Cold
Wa
r ult
ima
tely
have
a p
osi
tive
or
neg
ati
ve i
mp
act
on
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s?
So
cia
l E
ffec
ts
“
Du
ck
an
d c
over”
was
su
gges
ted
met
hod o
f p
erso
nal
pro
tect
ion
agai
nst
the
effe
cts
of
a n
ucl
ear
det
on
atio
n w
hic
h t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
gover
nm
ent
tau
ght
to c
itiz
ens
du
rin
g t
he
Cold
War
.
F
all
ou
t S
helt
ers
- a
n e
ncl
ose
d s
pac
e sp
ecia
lly d
esig
ned
to p
rote
ct o
ccu
pan
ts f
rom
rad
ioac
tive
deb
ris
from
a n
ucl
ear
exp
losi
on
H
ou
se U
n-A
meric
an
Acti
vit
ies
Co
mm
itte
e (
HU
AC
) -
crea
ted
in 1
93
8 t
o i
nves
tigat
e al
leged
dis
loyal
ty
and
su
bver
sive
acti
vit
ies
on t
he
par
t of
pri
vat
e ci
tize
ns,
pu
bli
c em
plo
yee
s, a
nd t
hose
org
aniz
atio
ns
susp
ecte
d o
f h
avin
g C
om
mun
ist
ties
H
oll
yw
oo
d B
lack
list
- C
om
mun
ists
wer
e sa
id t
o b
e p
laci
ng s
ub
ver
sive
mes
sages
into
Holl
yw
ood
fil
ms.
Th
e m
ost
fam
ou
s gro
up
of
bla
ckli
sted
indiv
idu
als
was
kn
ow
n a
s T
he
Holl
yw
ood
Ten
, th
ey r
efu
sed
to
answ
er a
ny q
ues
tion
s fr
om
HU
AC
and
wer
e ja
iled
by t
he
gover
nm
ent
and b
lack
list
ed b
y H
oll
yw
ood
Eco
no
mic
Eff
ects
(T
ru
ma
n)
F
air
Dea
l -
Har
ry T
rum
an's
dom
esti
c p
rogra
m w
hic
h b
uil
t on R
oose
vel
t's
New
Dea
l. T
rum
an b
elie
ved
that
th
e fe
der
al g
over
nm
ent
shou
ld g
uar
ante
e ec
on
om
ic o
pp
ort
unit
y a
nd
soci
al s
tabil
ity.
A
FL
-CIO
– a
volu
nta
ry f
eder
atio
n o
f la
bor
un
ion
s cr
eate
d i
n 1
95
5 b
y t
he
mer
ger
of
the
Am
eric
an
Fed
erat
ion
of
Lab
or
and
th
e C
on
gre
ss o
f In
du
stri
al O
rgan
izat
ion
s.
Eco
no
mic
Eff
ects
(E
isen
how
er)
T
aft
-Hartl
ey A
ct
- am
end
ed m
uch
of
the
Nat
ion
al L
abor
Rel
atio
ns
(Wag
ner
) A
ct o
f 1
93
5, th
e fe
der
al
law
reg
ula
tin
g l
abor
rela
tion
s of
ente
rpri
ses
engag
ed i
n i
nte
rsta
te c
om
mer
ce.
Th
e ac
t es
tab
lish
ed c
on
trol
of
lab
or
dis
pu
tes
by e
nla
rgin
g t
he
Nat
ion
al L
abor
Rel
atio
ns
Boar
d.
N
ati
on
al
Hig
hw
ay A
ct
- au
thori
zed
th
e bu
ildin
g o
f h
igh
way
s th
rou
gh
ou
t th
e n
atio
n,
wh
ich w
ou
ld b
e
the
big
ges
t pub
lic
work
s p
roje
ct i
n t
he
nat
ion
's h
isto
ry.
Po
liti
cal
Eff
ects
A
lger
His
s –
a p
rom
inen
t U
S g
over
nm
ent
figu
re w
ho w
as a
ccu
sed o
f, f
ound
guil
ty o
f, a
nd
jai
led
for
bei
ng
a co
mm
unis
t. H
e fo
ught
for
his
inn
oce
nce
un
til
his
dea
th.
J
uli
us
an
d E
thel
Ro
sen
ber
g -
Eth
el a
nd
Ju
liu
s R
ose
nb
erg w
ere
exec
ute
d f
or
esp
ion
age
in S
ing S
ing
Pri
son
on 1
9 J
un
e 19
53
. T
hey
had
bee
n c
on
vic
ted
of
giv
ing A
mer
ican
ato
mic
sec
rets
to t
he
Sovie
ts
du
rin
g W
orl
d W
ar I
I. T
hou
gh
th
e gover
nm
ent
was
con
vin
ced
of
thei
r guil
t, m
any p
eop
le w
ere
not
and
the
deb
ate
over
th
eir
gu
ilt
or
inn
oce
nce
did
not
stop
wit
h t
hei
r d
eath
s.
N
ati
on
al
Sec
urit
y A
ct
(19
47
) -
man
dat
ed a
maj
or
reorg
aniz
atio
n o
f th
e fo
reig
n p
oli
cy a
nd
mil
itar
y
esta
bli
shm
ents
of
the
U.S
. G
over
nm
ent.
Th
e ac
t cr
eate
d t
he
Nat
ional
Sec
uri
ty C
ou
nci
l (N
SC
).
D
éte
nte
- a
per
man
ent
rela
xat
ion i
n i
nte
rnat
ion
al a
ffai
rs d
uri
ng t
he
Cold
War
. It
is
a te
rm u
sual
ly
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
th
e re
lati
on
s b
etw
een
Am
eric
a, R
uss
ia a
nd C
hin
a.
S
.A.L
.T. I
an
d I
I- S
trat
egic
Arm
s L
imit
atio
n T
alk
s –
tw
o r
ou
nd
s of
talk
s an
d a
gre
emen
ts b
etw
een
th
e
US
and
US
SR
conce
rnin
g n
ucl
ear
arm
s.
C
hin
a b
ecam
e co
mm
un
ist.
•
Ho
w d
id t
he
Civ
il R
igh
ts M
ove
men
t ch
ange
Am
eric
a?
•
To
wh
at
deg
ree
ha
s eq
ua
lity
bee
n a
chie
ved i
n A
mer
ica?
•
Ho
w d
id t
he
ph
ilo
sop
hic
al
shif
t to
ward
more
mil
itant
tact
ics
impact
the
outc
om
e o
f th
e C
ivil
Rig
hts
Move
men
t?
C
.O.R
.E.
– C
ongre
ss o
n R
acia
l E
qual
ity,
an i
nte
rrac
ial
org
aniz
atio
n t
hat
tri
ed t
o b
ring c
han
ge
thro
ugh p
eace
ful
confr
onta
tion.
B
row
n v
. B
oard
of
Ed
uca
tio
n, T
opeka
, K
an
sas
(19
54
) –
court
cas
e th
at o
ver
turn
ed P
less
y v.
Fer
gu
son (
sep
arat
e b
ut
equal
) an
d s
aid t
hat
sch
ools
must
be
inte
gra
ted.
T
hu
rg
ood
Ma
rsh
all
– a
civ
il r
ights
lea
der
ap
poin
ted t
o t
he
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
in 1
967
. H
e ru
led o
ver
man
y i
mp
ort
ant
civil
rig
hts
cas
es f
or
man
y d
ecad
es.
M
on
tgom
ery
bu
s b
oy
cott
s –
Rosa
Pa
rks
chal
lenged
seg
regat
ion o
n b
use
s in
19
55
whic
h l
ed t
o
the
bo
yco
tt o
f th
e b
us
syst
em.
M
art
in L
uth
er
Kin
g, Jr.
– L
eader
of
the
civil
rig
hts
mo
vem
ent
who a
dvoca
ted n
on
-vio
lent
mea
ns
of
achie
vin
g e
qual
ity.
He
was
ass
assi
nat
ed i
n 1
96
8.
L
ittl
e R
ock
Nin
e –
Pre
siden
t E
isen
how
er s
ent
in t
roop
s to
pro
tect
9 A
fric
an A
mer
ican
stu
den
ts
ente
ring i
nto
Cen
tral
Hig
h S
chool
in L
ittl
e R
ock
, A
R.
S
.N.C
.C.
- O
rgan
izat
ion o
f you
ng A
fric
an A
mer
ican
s w
ho w
ante
d i
mm
edia
te c
han
ge.
They
lat
er
bec
ame
asso
ciat
ed w
ith t
he
Bla
ck P
ow
er M
ovem
ent.
S
it-i
ns
– m
ethod o
f p
rote
stin
g s
egre
gat
ion w
her
e p
eop
le w
ould
sit
in a
res
taura
nt
unti
l th
ey w
ere
serv
ed.
F
reed
om
Rid
ers
– P
rote
ster
s te
sted
des
egre
gat
ion l
aws
by r
idin
g b
use
s in
to t
he
south
– t
roop
s
wer
e se
nt
in t
o p
rote
ct t
hem
. (F
reed
om
Su
mm
er)
2
4th
am
en
dm
en
t – o
utl
awed
poll
tax
es
M
arc
h o
n W
ash
ingto
n –
200
,000
peo
ple
cam
e to
Was
hin
gto
n,
DC
to p
rote
st c
ivil
rig
hts
– w
her
e
Mar
tin L
uth
er K
ing J
r. g
ave
his
“I
hav
e a
dre
am”
spee
ch.
C
ivil
Rig
hts
Act
of
19
64
– c
alle
d f
or
equal
rig
hts
in j
ob
s, s
chools
, voti
ng,
and p
ub
lic
serv
ices
.
V
oti
ng
Rig
hts
Act
of
19
65
– A
llow
ed f
eder
al o
ffic
ials
to r
egis
ter
vote
rs w
her
e lo
cals
would
not
allo
w;
elim
inat
ed l
iter
acy t
ests
.
M
alc
olm
X –
Im
port
ant
figure
in t
he
Bla
ck P
ow
er M
ovem
ent
who l
ater
chan
ged
his
vie
ws
away
from
vio
lent
pro
test
. H
e w
as a
ssas
sinat
ed i
n 1
96
5.
B
lack
Pow
er
Movem
en
t/B
lack
Pan
thers
– M
ilit
ant
gro
up
who f
ought
for
civil
rig
hts
. T
hey
call
ed f
or
Afr
ican
Am
eric
ans
to u
nit
e –
Bla
ck N
atio
nal
ism
. (M
arcu
s G
arvey
)
•
To w
hat
exte
nt
did
soci
al
move
men
ts i
n A
mer
ica
im
pa
ct w
om
en, yo
ung p
eop
le, an
d t
he
envi
ron
men
t?
•
How
eff
ecti
ve a
re c
hall
enges
to
au
thori
ty i
n b
rin
gin
g a
bou
t ch
ang
e?
•
How
is
Am
eric
a d
iffe
ren
t bec
au
se o
f th
e so
cial
mo
vem
ents
whic
h t
ook
pla
ce b
etw
een
194
5-1
980?
Lati
nos
- C
ésar
Ch
avez-
Lea
der
in
th
e L
atin
o r
igh
ts m
ovem
ent.
A
mer
ican
In
dia
n M
ovem
en
t (A
IM)
– f
ou
gh
t fo
r tr
eaty
rig
hts
an
d b
ette
r co
nd
itio
ns/
opp
ort
unit
ies
for
Nat
ive
Am
eric
ans.
11
.01 -
Eff
ects
of
the
Co
ld W
ar
on
eco
no
mic
, p
oli
tica
l, a
nd
so
cia
l li
fe i
n A
mer
ica
. 1
1.0
2 -
Ma
jor
even
ts o
f th
e C
ivil
Rig
hts
Mo
vem
ent
11
.03 -
Ma
jor
soci
al
mo
vem
en
ts:
Wo
men
, y
ou
ng
peo
ple
, a
nd
th
e en
vir
on
men
t
43
Cou
nte
rcu
ltu
re
– m
ovem
ent
by y
ou
ng p
eop
le w
ho
wan
ted
to r
esis
t th
e m
ain
stre
am o
f d
om
inan
t
cult
ure
. T
his
in
clud
ed c
han
gin
g m
usi
c –
ro
ck &
ro
ll.
E
lvis
Pre
sley
& B
riti
sh I
nv
asi
on
(B
eatl
es)
– m
usi
c o
f th
e 1
950
s-1
960
s w
hic
h w
as p
art
of
the
coun
terc
ult
ure
an
d w
ou
ld i
nfl
uen
ce m
usi
c fo
r yea
rs t
o c
om
e.
H
aig
ht-
Ash
bu
ry –
dis
tric
t o
f S
an F
ran
cisc
o w
hic
h w
as a
po
pula
r pla
ce f
or
hip
pie
s to
liv
e.
Wo
men
B
etty
Fri
eda
n –
au
tho
r o
f T
he
Fem
inin
e M
ysti
qu
e w
hic
h t
old
ho
use
wiv
es i
t w
as o
k t
o
yea
rn f
or
mo
re t
han
th
eir
acce
pte
d r
ole
as
a w
ife
and
mo
ther
.
N
ati
on
al
Org
an
izati
on
for
Wo
men
(N
OW
) –
fo
ugh
t fo
r fa
ir p
ay a
nd
equ
al o
pp
ort
un
itie
s
for
wo
men
.
G
lori
a S
tein
em
– a
wo
men
’s r
igh
ts a
dvo
cate
wh
o s
tart
ed M
s. M
agaz
ine
P
hy
llis
Sch
lafl
y –
opp
ose
d t
he
wo
men
’s m
ovem
ent.
E
qu
al
Rig
hts
Am
en
dm
en
t -
wo
uld
hav
e m
ade
dis
crim
inat
ion
bas
ed o
n s
ex i
lleg
al,
bu
t w
as
nev
er r
atif
ied
.
R
oe
v.
Wad
e (1
973
) – l
egal
ized
ab
ort
ion.
• W
ha
t im
pact
did
th
e V
ietn
am
Wa
r ha
ve o
n t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes?
• W
ha
t po
liti
cal,
so
cial,
an
d e
cono
mic
fact
ors
led
to U
S i
nvo
lvem
ent
in t
he
Vie
tna
m c
on
flic
t?
• H
ow
do
es a
go
vern
men
t’s
resp
on
se t
o p
oli
tica
l ev
ents
and
sit
ua
tion
s a
ffec
t th
e na
tion
?
D
om
ino t
heory
– t
he
idea
that
if
one
countr
y f
ell
to c
om
munis
m,
anoth
er a
nd a
noth
er w
ould
fal
l af
ter
that
.
H
o C
hi
Min
h -
Lea
der
of
Nort
her
n V
ietn
am
G
ulf
of
Ton
kin
Reso
luti
on
– g
ave
the
pre
siden
t ex
pan
ded
pow
ers
to c
ond
uct
war
in V
ietn
am.
R
ob
ert
McN
am
ara
– S
ec.
of
Sta
te f
or
Ken
ned
y w
ho e
stab
lish
ed U
S s
trat
egy i
n V
ietn
am
A
gen
t O
ra
ng
e a
nd N
ap
alm
wer
e ch
emic
al w
eap
ons
use
d i
n t
he
Vie
tnam
War
T
et
Off
en
sive –
turn
ing p
oin
t of
the
Vie
tnam
confl
ict
when
the
US
dec
ides
they
do n
ot
wan
t to
fi
ght
anym
ore
aft
er a
ser
ies
of
atta
cks
by N
ort
h V
ietn
am.
M
y L
ai
Incid
en
t –
Am
eric
an t
roops
kil
led 4
00 w
om
en a
nd c
hil
dre
n
V
ietn
am
iza
tion
– s
wit
chin
g o
ut
US
tro
op
s fo
r V
ietn
ames
e.
K
en
t S
tate
and J
ack
son
Sta
te –
stu
den
ts w
ere
kil
led b
y t
he
nat
ional
guar
d w
hil
e p
rote
stin
g t
he
Vie
tnam
War
.
2
6th
Am
en
dm
en
t – 1
8 y
ear
old
s hav
e th
e ri
ght
to v
ote
.
P
aris
Pea
ce A
ccord
s –
the
US
wit
hdre
w f
rom
the
war
in 1
973
.
W
ar
Pow
ers
Act
(197
3)
– c
ongre
ss l
imit
ed p
ow
ers
to c
onduct
war
F
all
of
Sa
igon
, 19
75
– t
he
capit
al o
f th
e so
uth
fel
l to
the
nort
h.
Vie
tnam
unit
ed a
nd b
ecam
e
com
mu
nis
t.
• H
ow
do
tec
hn
olo
gic
al
chang
es a
lter
the
live
s o
f in
div
idua
ls?
•
Ho
w d
oes
in
no
vati
on i
mp
act
a n
ati
on
?
• W
ha
t te
chno
log
ical
inno
vati
on
ha
s ha
d t
he
gre
ate
st i
mpa
ct o
n A
mer
ica
n l
ife?
R
ad
io &
TV
in
19
50
s – s
pre
ad i
nfo
rmat
ion a
nd i
ncr
ease
d a
dver
tisi
ng.
S
pu
tnik
– f
irst
sat
elli
te l
aunch
ed i
nto
orb
it b
y t
he
US
SR
.
N
AS
A –
go
ver
nm
ent
agen
cy c
reat
ed f
or
spac
e ex
plo
rati
on
N
ati
on
al
Def
en
se E
du
ca
tion
Act
– g
ave
mon
ey t
o i
mp
rove
scie
nce
and m
ath i
n s
chools
J
oh
n G
len
n –
fir
st m
an t
o o
rbit
the
eart
h (
196
2)
N
eil
Arm
stron
g –
fir
st m
an t
o w
alk
on t
he
mo
on (
19
64
)
C
om
pu
ters
beg
an t
o b
e pre
sent
in t
he
go
ver
nm
ent
- S
ilic
on
Va
lley
Cal
iforn
ia b
ecam
e an
imp
ort
ant
hub
for
hig
h-t
ech d
evel
op
men
t
I
CB
Ms
– I
nte
rconti
nen
tal
bal
list
ic m
issi
les;
rock
ets
inven
ted t
o d
eliv
er b
om
bs
N
ucle
ar p
ow
er
– b
ecam
e p
op
ula
r in
the
19
60
s as
more
peo
ple
bec
ame
conce
rned
wit
h t
he
poll
uti
on a
ssoci
ated
wit
h c
oal
and g
as.
•
Ho
w d
oes
a g
ove
rnm
ent’
s re
spo
nse
to p
oli
tica
l ev
ents
and s
ituati
ons
impact
the
nati
on?
•
Wh
at
soci
al
an
d p
oli
tica
l co
nse
qu
ence
s re
sult
ed f
rom
the
act
ions
of
the
gove
rnm
ent
bet
wee
n 1
945 a
nd 1
980?
•
Wh
y is
ch
an
ge
so d
iffi
cult
fo
r so
me
peo
ple
?
2
5th
Am
en
dm
en
t- c
reat
ed p
rovis
ions
for
the
succ
essi
on o
f th
e pre
siden
t an
d v
ice
pre
siden
t.
Ken
ned
y
N
ew
Fron
tier
– K
enned
y’s
pro
gra
m t
o h
elp
the
poor,
inves
t in
spac
e p
rogra
ms,
and i
mp
rove
the
econo
my.
P
ea
ce C
orp
s –
pro
gra
m t
o s
end v
olu
nte
ers
to o
ther
countr
ies
as t
each
ers,
hea
lth w
ork
ers
and t
o
do o
ther
pub
lic
work
s pro
ject
s.
Joh
nso
n
G
rea
t S
ocie
ty –
Johnso
n’s
pro
gra
ms
to h
elp
the
poor,
fund e
duca
tion,
hea
lthca
re,
regula
te
housi
ng a
nd p
rote
ct t
he
envir
on
men
t.
H
UD
- H
ousi
ng a
nd U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t: o
ver
see
housi
ng t
o h
elp
the
poor
H
ea
d S
tart
– p
resc
hool
pro
gra
m f
or
low
-inco
me
chil
dre
n
V
IST
A –
volu
nte
ers
to h
elp
poor
area
s
M
ed
ica
re –
hea
lthca
re f
or
the
elder
ly (
>6
5 y
ears
old
)
N
ati
on
al
En
dow
men
t fo
r th
e H
um
an
itie
s –
giv
es m
oney
to a
rtis
ts a
nd a
cadem
ics
Ele
cti
on
of
196
8
R
ob
ert
Ken
ned
y –
was
kil
led a
fter
win
nin
g t
he
Cal
iforn
ia p
rim
ary i
n 1
96
8.
1
96
8 D
em
ocr
ati
c N
ati
on
al
Con
ven
tion
– d
emocr
ats
had
to d
ecid
e w
ho t
o n
om
inat
e to
run i
n
the
pre
siden
tial
ele
ctio
n –
Hum
phre
y w
as n
om
inat
ed b
ut
the
par
ty w
as m
ajorl
y s
pli
t –
wea
ken
ing
it a
nd a
llow
ing N
ixon (
Rep
ub
lica
n)
to w
in.
Nix
on
W
ate
rgate
sca
nd
al
– P
eop
le i
n N
ixon’s
ree
lect
ion c
amp
aign w
ere
caught
bre
akin
g i
nto
the
Dem
ocr
atic
Par
ty’s
hea
dq
uar
ters
. N
ixon t
ried
to s
top
the
inves
tigat
ion a
nd c
over
it
up
. N
ixon
was
ree
lect
ed a
nd t
he
story
beg
an t
o c
om
e out
B
ob
Wood
wa
rd
/Carl
Ber
nst
ein
of
the
Wa
shin
gto
n P
ost
unco
ver
ed a
lot
of
the
wro
ngd
oin
gs.
S
am
Ervin
/Sen
ate
Wa
terg
ate
Com
mit
tee
led t
he
inves
tigat
ion a
nd f
oun
d t
hat
Nix
on h
ad
tap
e-re
cord
ed m
any o
f his
oval
off
ice
conver
sati
ons.
U
.S.
v.
Nix
on
(1
97
4)
– N
ixon w
as t
old
to t
urn
over
the
tap
es.
He
did
wit
h 1
8 ½
min
ute
s m
issi
ng.
11
.04 -
Ca
use
s o
f th
e U
nit
ed
Sta
tes’
in
vo
lvem
ent
in V
ietn
am
11
.05
- I
mp
act
of
tech
nolo
gic
al
inn
ov
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
imp
act
ed A
mer
ica
n l
ife.
11
.06 -
Po
liti
cal
ev
ents
an
d t
he
act
ion
s a
nd
rea
ctio
ns
of
the
go
ver
nm
ent
off
icia
l
an
d c
itiz
ens.
Ass
es t
he
soci
al
an
d p
oli
tica
l co
nse
qu
ence
s.
44
Led an attempt for Palestinians to regain their lands that they claimed was taken by the Jews after WWII
Recognized the borders of Europe as they had been at the end of WWII, thus recognizing Soviet domination of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania)
President Jimmy Carter had Israel and Egypt meet to negotiate a peace treaty
Under Carter, In November 1979 Iranians broke into the US embassy in Tehran, Iran and kidnapped 52 people. The hostages were beaten and
tortured and kept for 444 days before being released
President Regan’s proposal in 1983 to build a satellite shield in space to intercept missiles from the USSR
Under Reagan, The United States sold weapons to Iranian terrorists and gave the money to Nicaraguan freedom fighters (Contras) even though
Congress said not to
Signed by Reagan and Gorbachev in 1987, it eliminated all nuclear-armed ground ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges between 500 and 5500
kilometers
In 1989 anti-communist revolts in Eastern Europe spread to East Germany where protesters tore down the Berlin Wall
China’s government stopped a mass student protest to be more democratic by bringing in tanks and killing thousands of protesters
Civil rights leader and first black president of South Africa
Leader of Iraq, leads attacks on Iran and later invaded by the US in 1991 for its oil and relations with Kuwait. Iraq invaded again in 2003 for
suspected Weapons of Mass Destruction. Hussein was captured and executed in late 2006
Iraq invaded Kuwait, U.S. allies with Kuwait and pushes Iraq out of Kuwait in a matter of weeks
The United States give humanitarian aid to countries with widespread poverty. In Somalia, the United States sent in troops to help distribute food
and stabilize the country. After the death of about a dozen US soldiers, President Clinton withdrew the troops
Said that bussing was a legal way to promote integration.
Law which said any federally funded program could not discriminate based on sex. This impacted many educational institutions, particularly
sports teams
First female to run for Vice President with a large party
Strict constructionist Supreme Court Justice
First woman appointed to the Supreme Court (by Ronald Reagan)
Protected flag burning under the 1st amendment
public places more accessible for the disabled
When inflation and unemployment increase and the economy is stalled. This caused a recession in the 1970s
“Whip Inflation Now” – Ford’s plan to reduce inflation based on peoples voluntary conservation of fuel and money
Nuclear reactor meltdown in Pennsylvania which released radiation and led to improvements in nuclear plants
Coordinates federal programs to research new energy sources and promote conservation
Cut taxes to give business people and investors more money to hire more employees, produce more goods and help the economy
The idea that when government helps companies, they will produce more and thereby hire more people and raise salaries. The people, in turn,
will have more money to spend in the economy
North American Free Trade Organization – meant to open up trade between the US, Mexico, and Canada
President from 1979-1981 during the Oil Crisis and the Iran Hostage Crisis.
President 1981-1989 during the Iran-Contra Affair, the end of the Iran Hostage Crisis; he also came up with the “Star Wars” Strategic Defense
Initiative which was never launched. Ran up the national debt on defensive spending
Looks at how America (especially the baby boomer population) is rapidly aging
Clinton’s “Centralist” coalition
Elected in 1992 after the Republican Party was split and Ross Perot took 19% of the Republican vote. Clinton’s presidency is remembered by
the whitewater and Lewinsky scandals. Al Gore served as Clinton’s vice president
The current immigration policy that looks at grandfathering current immigrants into the United States
Court case which decided that the use of quotas in affirmative action programs was not allowed
United States federal law (Act of Congress) that reauthorized a number of federal programs aiming to improve the performance of U.S. schools
by increasing the standards of accountability for states, school districts, and schools
The spread of nuclear weapons
The terrorist organization of the Taliban government in Afghanistan and throughout other countries; was behind the September 11, 2001 attacks on the NY World Trade Center Twin Towers and the Pentagon
Terrorist leader of Al-Qaeda
Passed shortly after 9/11/2001 in order to increase domestic surveillance in order to protect Americans. Imposes on civil rights
Secretary of State under George W. Bush
Government in Afghanistan
U.S. invaded Iraq to find weapons of mass destruction (none were found); now working to stabilize the government
Created in response to the attacks of 09/11/2001 in order to coordinate government agencies in the protection of the U.S.
U.S. had the right to treat countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups as terrorists themselves; helped justify the invasion of Afghanistan
Coined by G.W. Bush in his 2002 State of the Union Address to describe governments that he accused of helping terrorism and seeking
weapons of mass destruction
Goal 12 – The United States since the Vietnam War
45
Yasser Arafat - PLO Helsinki Accords Jimmy Carter Camp David Accords Anwar el-Sadat Menachem Begin Shah of Iran Ayatollah Khomeini Iranian Hostage Crisis Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) Iran-Contra Affair
Mikhail Gorbachev INF Treaty Fall of the Berlin Wall Tiananmen Square Nelson Mandela Saddam Hussein Persian Gulf Wars Famine/Somalia and Ethiopia Foreign debt Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
Title IX Geraldine Ferraro William Rehnquist Sandra Day O’Connor Flag burning Texas v. Johnson (1989) Clarence Thomas Americans with Dis-abilities Act Energy Crisis Stagflation
WIN (Ford) Three Mile Island Department of Energy National Energy Act Supply-Side Econom-ics (Reagonomics) “Trickle-down” theory National debt Food stamps Challenger disaster NAFTA
Computer Revolution Internet Bill Gates NASDAQ Sunbelt New Federalism Presidential Pardon Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan Elections of 1976-2000 New Right Coalition Stonewall Riots
Gay Rights Movement Graying of America New Democrat Ross Perot Bill Clinton Al Gore Newt Gingrich Joe Lieberman John McCain Immigration Policy Act Regents of the UC v. Bakke (1978)
Green Card Bilingual education No Child Left Behind Nuclear proliferation Embassy Bombings Terrorist Networks Al-Quaeda Osama bin Laden September 11, 2001 Patriot Act Colin Powell George W. Bush
World Trade Center Taliban Regime Afghanistan War on Iraq Department of Home-land Security Pre-emptive strikes Bush Doctrine “Axis of Evil”
Directions: Sort the terms below into the appropriate boxes on the timeline.
Significant Events in
Foreign Policy
Court Rulings, Legislation, &
Constitutional Amendments
Economic, Technological, &
Environmental Changes
Social, Political, &
Cultural Changes
19
70
’s
1980’s
1
99
0’s
2
000’s
46
GO
AL
12
– T
HE
UN
ITE
D S
TA
TE
S S
INC
E T
HE
VIE
TN
AM
WA
R (
19
73
-pre
sen
t)
• H
ow
ha
ve s
ign
ific
an
t ev
ents
in
fo
reig
n p
oli
cy s
ince
th
e V
ietn
am
Wa
r im
pact
ed A
mer
ica a
nd
Am
eric
a’s
role
in
th
e w
orl
d?
• T
o w
ha
t deg
ree
is t
he
self
-per
cepti
on
of
the
U.S
. im
pa
cted
by
wo
rld
opin
ion?
• W
ha
t im
pact
do
es t
he
med
ia h
ave
in s
hapin
g U
nit
ed S
tate
s fo
reig
n p
oli
cy?
P
ale
stin
ian
Lib
erati
on
Orga
niz
ati
on
(P
LO
) -
in 1
94
8, le
d b
y Y
ass
er
Arafa
t in
an a
ttem
pt
for
Pal
esti
nia
ns
to r
egai
n t
hei
r la
nds
that
they
cla
imed
was
tak
en b
y t
he
Jew
s af
ter
WW
II.
H
els
ink
i A
ccord
s (1
97
5)
- re
cogniz
ed t
he
bord
ers
of
Euro
pe,
as
they
had
bee
n a
t th
e en
d o
f W
orl
d
War
II,
thus
reco
gniz
ing S
ovie
t d
om
inat
ion o
f th
e B
alti
c S
tate
s (E
stonia
, L
atvia
, an
d L
ithuan
ia)
C
am
p D
avid
Accord
s (1
977
)– P
resi
den
t J
imm
y C
arte
r had
Isr
ael
and E
gyp
t m
eet
to t
ry a
nd
crea
te p
eace
in t
he
Mid
dle
Eas
t.
A
fter
WW
II t
he
U.S
. gav
e ai
d t
o I
ran.
Musl
im l
eader
s did
not
wan
t Ir
an t
o b
ecom
e li
ke
the
Wes
t,
so i
n F
ebru
ary 1
97
9 A
ya
toll
ah
Kh
om
ein
i, a
n e
xtr
emel
y t
radit
ional
rel
igio
us
lead
er o
f Is
lam
,
over
thre
w t
he
Shah
(K
ing)
of
Iran
and i
nst
itute
d e
xtr
emel
y s
tric
t la
ws
from
the
Kora
n,
outl
awin
g
anyth
ing w
este
rn.
S
trate
gic
Def
en
se I
nit
iati
ve (
Sta
r W
ars
) –
Pre
siden
t R
egan
’s p
rop
osa
l in
198
3 t
o b
uil
d a
sat
elli
te
shie
ld i
n s
pac
e to
inte
rcep
t m
issi
les
from
the
US
SR
.
I
ran
ian
Host
age C
ris
is –
Under
Car
ter,
In N
ovem
ber
19
79
Ira
nia
ns
bro
ke
into
the
US
em
bas
sy
in T
ehra
n,
Iran
and k
idnap
ped
52
peo
ple
. T
he
host
ages
wer
e b
eate
n a
nd t
ort
ure
d a
nd k
ept
for
444
day
s b
efore
bei
ng r
elea
sed.
A
pa
rth
eid
– t
he
legal
sep
arat
ion o
f p
eop
le b
y r
ace
in S
outh
Afr
ica.
Thro
ug
ho
ut
the
198
0s
and
199
0s
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s p
ut
emb
argos
on g
ood t
o t
ry a
nd m
ake
apar
thei
d e
nd.
(It
did
in 1
994
).
Nels
on
Ma
nd
ela
bec
ame
the
pre
siden
t of
South
Afr
ica.
I
ran
-Con
tra
Aff
air
(1
980
s) –
Under
Rea
gan
, T
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s so
ld w
eap
ons
to I
rania
n t
erro
rist
s
and g
ave
the
mo
ney
to N
icar
aguan
fre
edo
m f
ighte
rs (
Contr
as)
even
tho
ugh C
ongre
ss s
aid n
ot
to.
M
ikh
ail
Gorb
ach
ev –
the
late
19
80
s S
ovie
t le
ader
who e
nco
ura
ged
Eas
tern
Euro
pea
n C
om
mu
nis
t
go
ver
nm
ents
to l
oose
n r
estr
icti
ons
on t
hei
r ci
tize
ns.
I
NF
Trea
ty –
Sig
ned
by R
eagan
and G
orb
achev
in 1
987
, it
eli
min
ated
all
nucl
ear-
arm
ed g
rou
nd
bal
list
ic a
nd c
ruis
e m
issi
les
wit
h r
anges
bet
wee
n 5
00 a
nd 5
50
0 k
ilom
eter
s.
T
ian
an
men
Sq
ua
re
(198
9)
– C
hin
a’s
go
ver
nm
ent
stop
ped
a m
ass
studen
t p
rote
st t
o b
e m
ore
dem
ocr
atic
by b
ringin
g i
n t
ank
s an
d k
illi
ng t
housa
nds
of
pro
test
ers.
F
all
of
the B
erl
in W
all
– i
n 1
989
anti
-com
munis
t re
volt
s in
Eas
tern
Euro
pe
spre
ad t
o E
ast
Ger
man
y w
her
e p
rote
ster
s to
re d
ow
n t
he
Ber
lin W
all
S
ad
da
m H
uss
ein
– l
eader
of
Iraq
, a
ttac
ks
Iran
bec
ause
of
Ayat
oll
ah K
ho
mei
ni’
s fu
ndam
enta
list
bel
iefs
. Ir
aq (
Huss
ein)
is l
ater
invad
ed b
y t
he
US
in 1
991
for
its
oil
and r
elat
ions
wit
h K
uw
ait.
(1
st
War
on I
raq
/Per
sia
n G
ulf
War/1
st G
ulf
War
), a
nd t
hen
agai
n i
n 2
00
2 f
or
susp
ecte
d W
eap
ons
of
Mas
s D
estr
uct
ion.
Huss
ein w
as c
aptu
red a
nd e
xec
ute
d i
n l
ate
20
06
.
F
am
ine/S
om
ali
a a
nd
Eth
iop
ia –
The
Unit
ed S
tate
s gav
e (a
nd s
till
giv
es)
hum
anit
aria
n a
id t
o
countr
ies
wit
h w
ides
pre
ad p
over
ty.
In S
om
alia
, th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s se
nt
in t
roop
s to
hel
p d
istr
ibute
food a
nd s
tabil
ize
the
countr
y.
Aft
er t
he
dea
th o
f ab
out
a d
oze
n U
S s
old
iers
, P
resi
den
t C
linto
n
wit
hd
rew
th
e tr
oop
s fr
om
Som
alia
.
• H
ow
ha
ve r
ecen
t co
nst
itu
tiona
l am
end
men
ts, co
urt
ru
lin
gs,
and
fed
era
l le
gis
lati
on
im
pa
cted
the
live
s o
f
U
.S. ci
tize
ns?
• H
ave
rec
ent
go
vern
men
t a
ctio
ns
incr
ease
d c
ivil
rig
hts
and
lib
erti
es o
f ci
tize
ns?
•
To
what
exte
nt
did
fed
era
l le
gis
lati
on
pro
mote
equa
lity
in
the
last
pa
rt o
f th
e 20
th c
entu
ry?
S
wa
nn
v.
Ch
arl
ott
e-M
eck
len
bu
rg S
ch
oo
ls (
19
71
) –
Sai
d t
hat
buss
ing w
as a
leg
al w
ay t
o p
rom
ote
inte
gra
tion.
T
itle
IX
– l
aw w
hic
h s
aid a
ny f
eder
ally
funded
pro
gra
m c
ould
not
dis
crim
inat
e b
ased
on s
ex.
This
imp
acte
d m
any e
duca
tional
inst
ituti
ons,
par
ticu
larl
y s
port
s te
ams.
G
era
ldin
e F
err
aro –
Fir
st f
emal
e to
run f
or
Vic
e P
resi
den
t w
ith a
lar
ge
par
ty.
W
illi
am
Reh
nq
uis
t –
Str
ict
const
ruct
ionis
t S
up
rem
e C
ourt
Just
ice.
S
an
dra
Day
O’C
on
nor –
The
firs
t w
om
an a
pp
oin
ted t
o t
he
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
(b
y R
onal
d R
eagan
)
T
ex
as
v. J
oh
nso
n (
198
9)
– p
rote
cted
fla
g b
urn
ing
under
the
1st a
men
dm
ent.
C
lare
nce
Th
om
as
– a
n e
xtr
emel
y c
onse
rvat
ive
judg
e ap
poin
ted t
o t
he
Sup
rem
e C
ourt
by G
eorg
e
Bush
(se
nio
r).
A
meric
an
s w
ith
Dis
ab
ilit
ies
Act
– m
ade
pub
lic
pla
ces
more
acc
essi
ble
for
the
dis
able
d.
• H
ow
ha
s A
mer
ica
bee
n i
mpa
cted
by
econ
om
ic, te
chno
log
ical,
an
d e
nvi
ron
men
tal
chan
ges
?
• W
hat
is t
he
pri
ce o
f in
no
vati
on a
nd
cha
ng
e?
• W
hat
is t
he
role
of
citi
zen
s in
ca
rin
g f
or
an
d p
rote
ctin
g t
he
envi
ron
men
t?
D
ep
art
men
t of
En
erg
y –
Coord
inat
es f
eder
al p
rogra
ms
to r
esea
rch n
ew e
ner
gy s
ourc
es a
nd
pro
mote
conse
rvat
ion.
S
tagfl
ati
on
– W
hen
infl
atio
n a
nd u
nem
plo
ym
ent
incr
ease
and t
he
econ
om
y i
s st
alle
d.
This
cau
sed
a re
cess
ion i
n t
he
19
70
s.
W
IN –
“W
hip
Infl
atio
n N
ow
” –
Ford
’s p
lan t
o r
educe
infl
atio
n b
ased
on p
eop
les
volu
nta
ry
conse
rvat
ion o
f fu
el a
nd m
on
ey.
T
hree M
ile I
sla
nd
– N
ucl
ear
reac
tor
mel
tdo
wn i
n P
ennsy
lvan
ia w
hic
h r
elea
sed r
adia
tion a
nd l
ed
to i
mp
rovem
ents
in n
ucl
ear
pla
nts
.
S
up
ply
-Sid
e e
con
om
ics
(Rea
gon
om
ics)
– c
ut
taxes
to g
ive
busi
nes
s peo
ple
and i
nves
tors
more
money
to h
ire
more
em
plo
yee
s, p
roduce
more
goods
and h
elp
the
econ
om
y.
“
Tric
kle
-dow
n”
th
eory –
the
idea
that
when
go
ver
nm
ent
hel
ps
com
pan
ies,
they
wil
l p
roduce
more
and t
her
eby h
ire
more
peo
ple
and r
aise
sal
arie
s. T
he
peo
ple
, in
turn
, w
ill
hav
e m
ore
mon
ey
to s
pen
d i
n t
he
econo
my.
C
ha
llen
ger
dis
ast
er
N
AF
TA
– N
ort
h A
mer
ican
Fre
e T
rade
Org
aniz
atio
n –
mea
nt
to o
pen
up
tra
de
bet
wee
n t
he
US
,
Mex
ico,
and C
anad
a.
U
S v
. M
icro
soft
– C
ase
look
ed a
t w
het
her
or
not
Mic
roso
ft (
founded
by B
ill
Ga
tes)
had
vio
late
d
anti
-tru
st l
aws.
12
.01 -
Sig
nif
ica
nt
even
ts i
n f
ore
ign
po
licy
sin
ce t
he
Vie
tna
m W
ar.
1
2.0
2 -
Im
pa
ct o
f re
cen
t co
nst
itu
tio
na
l a
men
dm
ents
, co
urt
ruli
ng
s, a
nd
fed
era
l
leg
isla
tio
n o
n U
nit
ed S
tate
s’ c
itiz
ens.
12
.03 -
Im
pa
ct o
f ec
on
om
ic,
tech
no
log
ica
l, a
nd
en
vir
on
men
tal
ch
an
ges
in
th
e
Un
ited
Sta
tes.
47
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t ha
ve r
ecen
t so
cial,
po
liti
cal,
and
cult
ura
l ch
an
ges
in t
he
U.S
. aff
ecte
d l
ife
in A
mer
ica
?
• H
ave
th
e dif
fere
nce
s in
poli
tica
l id
eolo
gie
s cr
eate
d a
mo
re d
ivis
ive
soci
ety?
• W
ha
t fa
cto
rs h
ave
con
trib
ute
d t
o s
ha
pin
g t
he
soci
al,
poli
tica
l, a
nd c
ult
ura
l id
enti
ty o
f A
mer
ica?
N
ew F
eder
ali
sm –
Rea
gan
’s p
lan t
o p
ut
mo
re g
over
nm
ent
contr
ol
into
the
han
ds
of
the
state
s.
J
imm
y C
art
er –
Pre
sid
ent
fro
m 1
97
9-1
98
1 d
uri
ng t
he
Oil
Cri
sis
and
the
Iran
Ho
stag
e C
risi
s.
R
on
ald
Rea
ga
n –
Pre
sid
ent
19
81
-19
89
duri
ng t
he
Iran
-Co
ntr
a A
ffair
, th
e en
d o
f
the
Iran
Ho
stage
Cri
sis;
he
also
cam
e up
wit
h t
he
“Sta
r W
ars”
Str
ateg
ic D
efe
nse
Init
iati
ve
wh
ich w
as
never
lau
nch
ed.
Rea
gan r
an u
p t
he
nat
ional
deb
t o
n d
efen
sive
spen
din
g.
N
ew R
igh
t C
oa
liti
on
– “
Chri
stia
n C
oal
itio
n”
– a
n e
xtr
em
ely c
onse
rvat
ive
gro
up
of
churc
hes
that
jo
in t
he
Rep
ub
lica
n p
arty
.
S
ton
ewa
ll R
iots
– s
erie
s o
f vio
lent
con
flic
ts b
etw
een G
LB
T g
roup
s an
d N
ew
Yo
rk
Cit
y P
oli
ce i
n J
une
19
69
. T
hey
are
oft
en c
on
sid
ered
to
be
the
cata
lyst
fo
r th
e G
ay
Rig
hts
Mov
em
ent.
G
ray
ing
of
Am
eric
a –
lo
oks
at h
ow
Am
eric
a (e
spec
iall
y t
he
bab
y b
oo
mer
po
pula
tio
n)
is r
apid
ly a
gin
g.
B
ill
Cli
nto
n –
Ele
cted
in 1
99
2 a
fter
the
Rep
ub
lica
n P
arty
was
spli
t an
d R
oss
Per
ot
too
k 1
9%
of
the
Rep
ub
lica
n v
ote
. C
linto
n’s
pre
sid
ency i
s re
mem
ber
ed b
y t
he
wh
itew
ater
and
Lew
insk
y s
cand
als.
Al
Go
re (
who
ran
fo
r p
resi
den
t in
20
00
)
serv
ed a
s C
linto
n’s
vic
e p
resi
den
t.
N
ew D
em
ocr
at
– C
linto
n’s
“C
entr
alis
t” c
oal
itio
n.
J
oh
n M
cCa
in –
Lik
ely t
he
Rep
ub
lica
n n
om
inee
in t
he
20
08
Pre
sid
enti
al e
lect
ion.
I
mm
igra
tio
n P
oli
cy A
ct –
the
curr
ent
imm
igra
tio
n p
oli
cy t
hat
lo
oks
at
gra
nd
fath
erin
g c
urr
ent
imm
igra
nts
into
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s.
• T
o w
ha
t ex
ten
t is
Am
eric
a m
ore
raci
all
y an
d e
thn
icall
y d
iver
se t
od
ay
than
at
the
turn
of
the
20th
cen
tury
?
• H
ave
th
e ch
ang
es i
n A
mer
ican
so
ciet
y im
pro
ved l
ife
in t
he
U.S
.?
• W
ha
t im
pact
ha
s re
cent
imm
igra
tio
n h
ad o
n t
he
soci
al,
eco
no
mic
, and
poli
tica
l cu
ltu
re o
f th
e U
S?
A
ffir
ma
tiv
e A
ctio
n -
po
lici
es a
imed
at
a his
tori
call
y n
on
-do
min
ant
gro
up
(typ
ical
ly,
min
ori
ty m
en o
r w
om
en o
f al
l ra
ces)
inte
nd
ed t
o p
rom
ote
acc
ess
to
educa
tio
n o
r em
plo
ym
ent.
It
also
ser
ves
to
enco
ura
ge
pub
lic i
nst
ituti
ons
such a
s
univ
ersi
ties
, ho
spit
als
and
po
lice
fo
rces
to
be
mo
re r
epre
senta
tive
of
the
po
pula
tio
n.
(This
is
also
cal
led
rev
erse
dis
crim
ina
tio
n a
t ti
mes
).
R
egen
ts o
f th
e U
niv
ers
ity o
f C
ali
forn
ia v
. B
ak
ke (
19
78)
– C
ourt
cas
e w
hic
h
dec
ided
that
the
use
of
quo
tas
in a
ffir
mat
ive
acti
on p
rogra
ms
was
no
t al
low
ed.
G
reen
Ca
rd -
an i
denti
fica
tio
n d
ocu
ment
issu
ed b
y t
he
Unit
ed S
tate
s o
f A
mer
ica
affo
rdin
g n
on
-cit
izens
of
that
co
untr
y s
om
e o
f th
e ri
ghts
its
cit
izen
s en
joy,
som
etim
es w
ith t
he
pro
spec
t o
f nat
ura
liza
tio
n
N
o C
hil
d L
eft
Beh
ind
- U
nit
ed
Sta
tes
fed
eral
law
(A
ct o
f C
ongre
ss)
that
reau
tho
rize
d a
nu
mb
er o
f fe
der
al p
rogra
ms
aim
ing t
o i
mp
rov
e th
e p
erfo
rmance
of
U.S
. sc
ho
ols
by i
ncr
easi
ng t
he s
tand
ard
s o
f ac
cou
nta
bil
ity f
or
stat
es,
scho
ol
dis
tric
ts,
and
scho
ols
.
• H
ow
ha
s th
e na
tion
chan
ged
sin
ce t
he
even
ts o
f 9/1
1?
• H
ow
do
es s
oci
ety
bala
nce
the
des
ire
to i
ncr
ease
fre
edo
ms
wh
ile
main
tain
ing n
ati
onal
secu
rity
?
• H
ow
fa
r sh
ould
th
e go
vern
men
t go
to
sec
ure
pro
tect
ion
fo
r it
s ci
tize
ns?
N
ucl
ear
pro
life
rati
on
– t
he
spre
ad o
f nucl
ear
wea
po
ns
T
erro
rist
Att
ack
s o
n t
he
US
– T
he
Wo
rld
Tra
de
Cen
ter
199
3,
U.S
. E
mb
assi
es
in
Tan
zania
and
Ken
ya
bo
mb
ed i
n 1
99
8,
and
US
S C
ole
att
acked
in 2
00
0.
O
sam
a b
in L
ad
en w
as t
he
terr
ori
st l
ead
er o
f A
l-Q
aed
a (
The
terr
ori
st o
rgan
izat
ion
of
the
Ta
lib
an
go
ver
nm
ent
in A
fgh
an
ista
n a
nd
sp
read
thro
ugho
ut
oth
er c
ou
ntr
ies)
wh
ich w
as b
ehin
d t
he
Sep
tem
ber
11
, 2
00
1 a
ttac
ks
on t
he
NY
Wo
rld
Tra
de
Cen
ter
Tw
in T
ow
ers
and
the
Pen
tago
n.
T
he
Dep
art
men
t o
f H
om
ela
nd
Sec
uri
ty w
as
crea
ted
in r
esp
onse
to
the
atta
cks
of
09
/11
/20
01
in o
rder
to c
oo
rdin
ate
go
ver
nm
ent
agen
cies
in t
he
pro
tect
ion o
f th
e U
.S.
P
atr
iot
Act
– p
asse
d s
ho
rtly
aft
er 9
/11
/20
01
in o
rder
to
incr
ease
do
mest
ic
surv
eill
ance
in o
rder
to
pro
tect
Am
eric
ans.
Im
po
ses
on
civ
il r
igh
ts.
I
n 2
00
2,
led
by P
resi
den
t G
eorg
e W
. B
ush
, th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s en
tere
d i
nto
the
2nd
Wa
r o
n I
raq
, in
tend
ed t
o b
rin
g d
ow
n S
add
am
Huss
ein b
ecause
he
may h
ave
Wea
po
ns
of
Mas
s D
est
ruct
ion
. W
e a
re s
till
in
wa
r to
da
y.
C
oli
n P
ow
ell
– s
ecre
tary
of
Sta
te u
nd
er G
eorg
e W
. B
ush
.
B
ush
Do
ctri
ne –
Fo
reig
n p
oli
cy u
nd
er G
eorg
e W
. B
ush
and
Jo
hn M
cCai
n c
reat
ed
afte
r th
e S
epte
mb
er 1
1th
att
ack
s w
hic
h s
aid
that
the
Unit
ed S
tate
s had
the
rig
ht
to
trea
t co
untr
ies
that
har
bo
r o
r giv
e ai
d t
o t
erro
rist
gro
up
s as
terr
ori
sts
them
selv
es –
this
hel
ped
just
ify t
he
invasi
on
of
Afg
hanis
tan.
“
Axis
of
Ev
il”
– T
erm
co
ined
by G
.W.
Bush
in h
is 2
00
2 S
tate
of
the
Unio
n
Ad
dre
ss t
o d
escr
ibe
go
ver
nm
ents
that
he
accu
sed
of
hel
pin
g t
erro
rism
and
see
kin
g
wea
po
ns
of
mas
s d
estr
uct
ion.
12
.04 -
Im
pa
ct o
f so
cia
l, p
oli
tica
l, a
nd
cu
ltu
ral
ch
an
ges
in
th
e U
nit
ed
Sta
tes.
12
.05 -
Im
pa
ct o
f g
row
ing
raci
al
an
d e
thn
ic d
iver
sity
in
Am
eric
an
so
ciet
y.
12
.06 -
Im
pa
ct o
f tw
enty
-fir
st c
en
tury
ter
rori
st a
ctiv
ity
on
Am
eric
an
so
ciet
y.
48
_______________________ (1794) British agree to leave their forts in the Northwest Territory
_______________________ (1795) Spain agrees on the northern border of Florida and the
Mississippi River is opened up for U.S. trade
_______________________ (1803) U.S. purchases a large chunk of land from France; doubles the
size of the United States
_______________________ (1819) Spain ceded Florida to the United States.
_______________________ (1845) After a long fight for independence from Mexico, the United
States agreed to annex this state into the Union.
_______________________ (1846) U.S. and Britain agreed on the boundary of this territory after many
people in the United States had rallied with the cry “54˚40’ or fight!”
_______________________ (1848) Mexican Cession after the Mexican-American War, the United
States gains its current southwestern portion of the U.S.
_______________________ (1853) U.S. purchased a tiny amount of land from Mexico.
_______________________ (1867) U.S. gains this island nation for it’s sugar plantations and
excellent location as a naval base.
_______________________ (1867) “Seward’s Folly” was purchased from Russia.
_______________________ (1898) Ends the Spanish-American War, the United States gains the
territories of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
Land Acquisitions
Adams-Onis Treaty
Alaska Purchase
Annexation of Hawaii
Gadsden Purchase
Jay’s Treaty
Louisiana Purchase
Oregon Territory
Pinckney’s Treaty
Texas Annexation
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty of Paris
49
____________________ (1789) law that established the federal court system
____________________ (1789) reduced the political power of recent immigrants to the U.S.
____________________ (1820) Maine entered the U.S. as a free state; Missouri a slave state;
Unorganized territory divided along the 36’’30 line.
____________________ (1823) Warned European nations to stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
____________________ (1830) forced Native Americans off of their land
____________________ (1850) part of the Compromise of 1850, all escaped slaves had to be
returned to their owners
____________________ (1854) gave the territories of Kansas and Nebraska the right to vote on
whether or not there would be slavery in their territories
____________________ (1862) Gave land to states to sell in order to create agricultural colleges
____________________ (1862) gave heads of household 160 acres of land out west
____________________ (1863) Freed slaves behind confederate lines in the Civil War
____________________ (1865) Abolished slavery
____________________ (1868) Defined citizenship
____________________ (1870) voting rights could not be withheld based on race, color, or previous condition
of servitude
____________________ (1882) Kept Chinese Immigrants from entering the United States
____________________ (1883) Ended the spoils system, government jobs given on merit
____________________ (1887) Forced the assimilation of Native Americans
Influential Legislation
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
16th Amendment
17th Amendment
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
21st Amendment
24th Amendment
Alien & Sedition Acts
Chinese Exclusion Act
Civil Rights Act 1964
Clayton Antitrust Act
Dawes Severalty Act
Emancipation Proclamation
Espionage & Sedition Acts
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Fugitive Slave Act
Homestead Act
Immigration Act 1965
Indian Removal Act
Interstate Commerce Act
Judiciary Act of 1789
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Lend-Lease Act
Missouri Compromise
Monroe Doctrine
Morrill Land Grant Act
Neutrality Acts
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
Sherman Antitrust Act
Selective Service Act
Truman Doctrine
Voting Rights Act
War Powers Act
50
____________________ (1887) federal government’s right to regulate railroads
____________________ (1890) Law intended to prevent the creation of monopolies, but was used
against labor unions instead
____________________ (1906) halted the sale of contaminated foods and drugs
____________________ (1913) Established the Federal Income Tax
____________________ (1913) Established direct election of senators
____________________ (1914) Strengthened the Sherman Anti-trust Act
____________________ (1917) Required men to register for military service (draft)
____________________ (1917) imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or
speaking against the US during WWI
____________________ (1919) Established prohibition
____________________ (1920) Women’s suffrage
____________________ (1933) Repealed prohibition
____________________ (1935) prevented U.S. arms sales and loans to nations at war in an attempt
to keep the United States out of WWII
____________________ (1941) allowed the US to ship arms and military supplies to countries in
WWII without immediate payment
____________________ (1947) Provided aid to countries that were resisting communism
____________________ (1964) Law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national
origin, or religion in public places
____________________ (1964) Outlawed poll taxes
____________________ (1964) Gave the president unlimited power to send troops to Vietnam
____________________ (1965) limited the number of immigrants allowed to settle in the U.S.
____________________ (1965) law that made it easier for African Americans to register to vote by
eliminating literacy tests
____________________ (1973) limited the president’s right to send troops to war without Congress’
permission
51
_____________________ No Political Party (1789-1797) Warned against political parties and foreign entanglements
_____________________ Democratic Republican (1801-1809) Strict constructionist who purchased the Louisiana Territory.
_____________________ Democratic-Republican (1817-1825) Established the Monroe Doctrine, warning other countries to stay
out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
_____________________ Democratic-Republican (1824-1829) Winner of the Election of 1824. It was called a “corrupt bargain” when the
speaker of the house was appointed to be vice president.
_____________________ Democrat (1829-1837) Credited as the president who started the “spoils system”
_____________________ Democrat (1845-1849) Acquired more land in the U.S. than any other president
_____________________ Republican (1861-1865) President during the Civil War who issued the Emancipation Proclamation,
freeing the slaves in the Confederate States.
_____________________ Democrat (1865-1869) President during Reconstruction. His plan was said to be too
lenient on the Southern states.
_____________________ Republican (1869-1877) Star general of the Union in the Civil War, he later became president even
though he did not win a majority of the white vote. His presidency was marked with scandal – Credit
Mobilier & Whiskey Ring.
_____________________ Republican (1877-1801) Became president as a result of the Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877,
effectively ending Reconstruction with the removal of federal troops from the South.
_____________________ Republican (1871-1875) President during the Spanish-American War during the United States growth
as an imperialistic nation.
_____________________ Republican (1901-1909) Utilized “big stick” diplomacy in dealing with foreign
affairs. He led the Bull Moose party in the election of 1912.
_____________________ Republican (1909-1913) Utilized “dollar diplomacy” in dealing with foreign affairs
_____________________ Democrat (1913-1921) Won the election of 1912 when there was a split in the Republican Party. He
was president during WWI, but was reelected to a second term using the slogan “he kept us out of
war”. Creator of the League of Nations.
_____________________ Republican (1929-1933) Dispersed the Bonus Army using military force after WWI.
_____________________ Democrat (1933-1945) Created the New Deal to bring the United States out of the
Great Depression.
_____________________ Democrat (1945-1953) President who dropped the atomic bomb.
_____________________ Democrat (1961-1963) Young, popular president assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald.
_____________________ Republican (1969-1974) President involved with the Watergate scandal
_____________________ Republican (1981-1989) President during the Iran-Contra affair, when the U.S. sold weapons to Iran
and gave the money to Nicaragua.
_____________________ Democrat (1993-2001) The 2nd president to be impeached (for lying under oath)
U.S. Presidents
Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Johnson
Bill Clinton
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
George Washington
Harry S. Truman
Herbert Hoover
James K Polk
James Monroe
John F. Kennedy
John Quincy Adams
Richard Nixon
Ronald Reagan
Rutherford B. Hayes
Theodore Roosevelt
Thomas Jefferson
Ulysses S. Grant
William Howard Taft
William McKinley
Woodrow Wilson
52
_________________________ (1803) Established judicial review – the right of the courts decide
whether or not something is constitutional.
_________________________ (1819) Federal laws are superior to state laws, you can not tax the
national bank.
_________________________ (1824) Only the federal government can regulate trade
_________________________ (1832) Native Americans do not have to abide by state laws
_________________________ (1857) Slaves are property, not people
_________________________ (1877) States can regulate certain businesses within their borders
_________________________ (1886) States can not regulate interstate commerce
_________________________ (1895) Limited government control over monopolies
_________________________ (1896) Established the “separate but equal” doctrine
_________________________ (1904) Dissolved railroad company trust during the Progressive Era
_________________________ (1911) Trust busting to break up large company in N.C.
_________________________ (1919) First Amendment rights are not absolute (WWI letters).
_________________________ (1944) Government can suspend civil liberties during times of war
_________________________ (1956) Separate is not equal. Desegregation in schools.
_________________________ (1973) Abortion is legal.
_________________________ (1974) Evidence involving possible criminal activity can not be
withheld, even by a president
_________________________ (1978) Race can be a consideration in admissions, but organizations
may not set quotas.
_________________________ (1989) Government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply
because it is offensive. (Flag burning)
Major Supreme Court Cases
Brown v. Board of Education
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Gibbons v. Ogden
Korematsu v. U.S.
Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland
Munn v. Illinois
Northern Securities v. U.S.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Regents of CA v. Bakke
Roe v. Wade
Schenck v. U.S.
Texas v. Johnson
U.S. v. American Tobacco
U.S. v. E.C. Knight and Co.
U.S. v. Nixon
Wabash v. Illinois
Worcester v. Georgia
53
_______________________________ (1963) Written by Betty Friedan, this novel explores the lives of the 1950s housewife. The author claims
she understands their thoughts of being unsatisfied with childbearing and homemaking.
Influential Literature in US History
The American Dictionary
A Century of Dishonor
Civil Disobedience and Walden
The Feminine Mystique
Harlem
The History of the Standard Oil Company
How the Other Half Lives
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
The Jungle
The Last of the Mohicans
The Liberator
Silent Spring
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
_______________________________ (1826) Written by James Fennimore Cooper, this book discusses the closing of the frontier and the culture
clashes related to westward expansion.
_______________________________ (1828) Written by Noah Webster, this was the first of its kind written to help common man to learn and
understand the American English.
_______________________________ (1831) Written by William Lloyd Garrison, this newspaper supported the abolition of slavery.
_______________________________ (1845-1849) Written by Henry David Thoreau, these books were by a transcendentalist trying to live off the
land and protest government action in the Mexican American War.
_______________________________ (1852) Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, this novel explores the daily lives of slaves and played a key
role in the events leading to the Civil War.
_______________________________ (1881) Written by Helen Hunt Jackson, this is a novel written showing the treatment of Native Americans
throughout the history of the United States.
_______________________________ (1890) Written by Alfred T. Mahan, this novel details the role of sea power throughout history and discusses the
various factors needed to support a strong navy.
_______________________________ (1890) Written by Jacob Riis, this novel, by a famous muckraker, explains the working and living
conditions of immigrants and poor Americans.
_______________________________ (1904) Written by Ida Tarbell, this book uncovers the corruption and terrible working conditions of the
Standard Oil Co. owned by Rockefeller.
_______________________________ (1906) Written by Upton Sinclair, this novel explores the terrible conditions of the meat packing industry
and the lives of the immigrants that worked in them. It later led to the passage of the Pure Food
and Drug Act.
_______________________________ (1930) Written by Langston Hughes, this poem from the Harlem Renaissance proclaims that all African
Americans should embrace their heritage proudly.
_______________________________ (1962) Written by Rachel Carson, this novel opens people’s eyes to the environmental issues at stake in the
54
________________________ Created the Hull House (a settlement house) to give the poor shelter and food.
________________________ Reformed prisons and treatment of the mentally ill.
________________________ African American civil rights advocate, spoke out against lynching.
________________________ Campaigned against women working out of the home. Believed
women should be happy being housewives.
________________________ First women’s advocates that met at Seneca Falls to discuss
women’s rights and the plan to achieve full suffrage rights.
________________________ Wrote The Feminine Mystique and explained to women that she
understood why they were dissatisfied with being housewives.
________________________ Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and explained the lives of slaves to those
around the United States that have never seen it first hand.
________________________ Wrote to her husband to “remember the ladies”. Believed that
women should not be bound by laws in which they had no voice.
________________________ Advocate for the Temperance movement. Famous for walking it to
saloons and private bars to preach to those inside.
________________________ Conductor of the Underground Railroad, helping thousands of run
away slaves escape to the North.
________________________ Great women’s rights advocate during her husband’s presidency and
the Great Depression.
________________________ Leader of the Civil Rights movement starting the Montgomery Bus
Boycott.
________________________ Great advocate for children’s rights during the Progressive era.
________________________ Muckraker who wrote about The History of the Standard Oil Co. and
brought attention to the corruption of big business.
Influential Women Throughout US History
Abigail Adams
Betty Freidan
Dorthea Dix
Carrie Nation
Eleanor Roosevelt
Florence Kelley
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Ida Tarbell
Ida B. Wells
Jane Addams
Phyllis Schlafly
Rosa Parks
Lucretia Mott,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, & Susan B Anthony
55
United States
Involvement
in War
56
War of 1812 (1812-1814/1815)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
57
Civil War (1860-1865)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
Spanish-American War (1898)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
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World War I (1914-1918)
Causes of the War
Causes of US Entry
Who was in-volved? Main Events/People/US Involvement Resolution
Allies:
Central:
World War II (1941-1945)
Causes of the War
Causes of US Entry
Who was in-volved?
Main Events/People/US Involvement Resolution
Allies:
Axis:
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The Cold War (1945-1991)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
Korean War (1950-1953)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
Vietnam Conflict (~1961-1973)
Causes of the War Who was involved?
Main Events/People/Homefront Reactions Resolution
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1st Persian Gulf War (1991)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
War with Afghanistan (2001-?)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
War with Iraq (2003-?)
Causes of the War Who was in-
volved? Main Events/People Resolution
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