Mrs. Deau’s

Introduction to Art

FinalExamReview

Visual Journal /Sketchbook - a place to sketch people, places and objects, and to store ideas that can provide inspiration for future projects… a place to record the

images in your mind

Spine - the joint or hinge connecting the book covers

Case - the cover of a book that consists of the front and back cover boards, spine and covering material

Cover Board - any hard material cut to size and used as

the foundation for the book cover

Cover Material - material (usually paper or cloth) used to cover the spine and cover boards

Leaf - single sheet of paper or half of a folded sheet of paper

Page - one side of a leaf

Pastedown - the material that is adhered to the inside of the case to hide the covering material that is folded over

The ONLY way to get better at drawing is to draw!

Sketching - a rough drawing used to capture the basic elements and structure of a situation often

used as the basis for a more detailed work

Gestural drawing - a drawing done quickly to capture the essence of the subject, rather than to

present a realistic rendering of details

Contour - the outline of a shape using one solid line

Blind Contour Drawing - is a method of drawing where an artist draws the contour of a subject

without looking at the paper

Critique - the discussion or evaluation of visual art

Line - an actual or implied mark, path,

mass, or edge, where length is dominant.

Shape - When a line crosses itself or intersects with other lines to enclose a space it creates a shape. Shape is two-dimensional it has heights

and width but no depth.

Categories of Shapes…

Geometric Shapes - circles, squares, rectangles and triangles. We see them in architecture and

manufactured items.

Organic Shapes - leaf, seashells, flowers, etc. We see them in nature and with characteristics that

are free flowing, informal and irregular.

Perspective - the technique used to represent a three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional surface in a way that looks realistic and accurate. Perspective is

used to create an illusion of space and depth on a flat surface

Vanishing Point - in perspective, the point on the

horizon line in the distance where two lines seem to converge and visibility end

Horizon Line - in a painting, a level line where land or

water ends and the sky begin. A horizon line is used to attain the perspective of depth.

Orthogonal – straight lines leading to the vanishing point

Horizontal – a straight, side to side

line

Vertical – a straight, up-and-down line

Color Wheel - a round diagram that shows the placement of colors in relationship to each other, it is from the color

wheel that one studies how to choose and combine colors

Arm - the design that is replicated 12 times, circling the center of the color wheel

Stencil - a thin sheet of material, with letters or a design cut

from it, used to produce the letters or design on an underlying surface by applying pigment through the cut-

out holes in the material. The key advantage of a stencil is that it can be reused to repeatedly and rapidly produce the

same letters or design.

Primary - red, yellow, and blue. With these three colors (and black and white) all other colors can be made. The primary colors themselves cannot be made by mixing

other colors.

Secondary - green, purple, and orange. These three colors are derived from mixing equal amounts of two

of the three primary colors.

Tertiary - made by mixing equal amounts of adjoining primary and secondary colors. Colors such as red-

orange and blue-green are tertiary colors.

Warm Colors - colors whose relative visual temperature makes them seem warm. Warm

colors or hues include red-violet, red, red-orange, orange, yellow-orange, and yellow.

Cool Colors - colors whose relative visual

temperatures make them seem cool. Cool colors generally include green, blue-green,

blue, blue-violet, and violet.

Complimentary Colors - two colors directly opposite one another on the color wheel. When placed next to one

another, complementary colors are intensified and often appear to vibrate. When mixed, a neutral is created. Red

and green, blue and orange, and yellow and violet are complimentary colors

Complimentary Color Scheme - this color scheme uses

opposite hues on the color wheel. These colors are across from each other on the wheel and have great contrast

Split Complimentary Color Scheme - this color scheme uses three colors, one color with the two colors on each side of

its complement

Triad Color Scheme - this color scheme combines three colors equidistant on the color

wheel and has a great deal of contrast

Accented Neutral Color Scheme - this color scheme combines white, black, gray or brown

with a bright color accent.

Neutral - colors and values of very low saturation including white, black, gray, and

brown

Monochromatic Color Scheme - this is a one-color plan that uses different tints, shades and

intensities of the singular color

Analogous Color Scheme - any set of three or five colors that are closely related in hue(s). They are usually next to each other on the

color wheel.

Intensity - the brightness or dullness of a color

Hue - the name given to a color, such as red, green or yellow.

Value - the lightness or darkness of a color; contrasts

between light and dark

Shade - a color produced by adding black to a hue

Tint - a color produced by adding white to a hue

Value Scale - refers to the range of gray tones between black and white

Palette - a thin piece of plastic, wood or other material, or pad of paper,

which is used to hold the paint to be used in painting

Palette Knife - a tool used by artists for scraping up and mixing the paint

from the palette

Viewfinder - a tool used to look through to compose an image, this tool is helpful in

selecting the most interesting composition to be found in a larger image by cropping out

unwanted perimeters

Thumbnail - small image used to develop the initial concept for a design

Grid enlarging - the process of using a grid to

replicate another image precisely, on the same or a different scale

Shading - showing change from light to dark or dark to light in a picture by darkening areas that would be shadowed and leaving

other areas light. Shading is often used to produce illusions of dimension and depth.

Linear Hatching - creating tonal or shading effects with closely spaced parallel lines. The closer the lines are, the less white paper shows,

and the darker the value appears. Heavier lineweight (pressing more firmly) also gives a darker appearance.

Cross Hatching - uses layers of hatching placed at an angle. Usually,

the first layer would be vertical, the next horizontal, the next at forty-five degrees, and so on. This methodical approach can look a little

mechanical, so artists use this technique and vary the length, angle, closeness and other qualities of the lines to add interest.

Contour Hatching - hatching which follows a curved, contour

line which can help to make objects appear more three-dimensional.

Scumbling - creating tonal or shading effects with random,

scribbled texture uses layers of small, scribbled marks to build up value and texture. Varying the direction and shape adds

more interest than a simple circular scribble.

Random Hatching - uses layers of short, straight marks. Various textures result depending on whether these short hatches are applied vertically, at right angles, following a

contour or at random angles.

Stippling - using tiny dots to create value. The closer together the dots, the darker the tone. Larger dots create a denser tonal value more quickly, but can look coarse.

Opaque - Something that cannot be seen through; the opposite of transparent, although something through which some light passes

would be described as translucent.

Reflection - An image given back by a reflecting surface, such as that of a mirror or still waters. Each ray of light that hits a surface is an incident ray of light. Rays that are neither absorbed, nor reflected,

are scattered rays of light. A person sees a clearer reflection when a high number and percentage of rays are reflected, and a small

number of rays are either absorbed or scattered.

Highlight - The area on any surface which reflects the most light. Highlights and shadows are important to direct attention or to

emphasize through use of color.

Shadow - An area that is not or is only partially illuminated because an opaque object is between the area and the source of light.

Symmetrical - The parts of an image or object organized so that one side duplicates, or mirrors, the other. Its opposite is asymmetry -

asymmetrical balance.

Repetition - this term refers to a way of combining elements of art so that the same elements are used over and over again. Thus, a certain

color or shape might be used several times in the same picture. Repetition also can contribute to movement and rhythm in a work of

art.

Design - A plan. The organization or composition of a work; the skilled arrangement of its part. An effective design is one in which

the elements of art and principles of design have been combined to achieve an overall sense of unity.

Visual Story - telling a story using visual elements instead of written or verbal words

Sculptor - an artist who creates sculptures

Sculpture - a three-dimensional work of art, or the art of making it. Such works may be carved, modeled,

constructed, or cast. Sculptures can also be described as assemblage, in the round, and relief, and can be made in a

huge variety of media.

Armature - a skeleton-like framework to give rigid internal support to a sculpture

Paper-mâché - A material, made from paper pulp or shreds of paper mixed with flour and water which can be molded or modeled into various

shapes when wet and becomes hard and suitable for painting and varnishing when dry. Papier-mâché

is almost always formed on an armature. A huge variety of free and inexpensive things can be used for the armature including cardboard - cut, folded

or curled - and taped together with any combination of wood, wire, crumpled paper,

Styrofoam, and pieces of scrap plastic.

Sculpture "In the Round" - a sculpture that is meant to be viewed from any angle

Relief - a type of sculpture in which form

projects from a background

Kinetic sculpture - a sculpture that involves aspects of physical motion

Fountain sculpture- a sculpture that is

designed with moving water

THE END!

PowerPoint Created by Kellen Deau