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11. Constructed Response Questions - Cities & Empires

Document 1

1. Aztec, Maya, Inca Comparison Chart

Historical Context- refers to the historical circumstances that led to this event/idea/historical development.

1. Explain the historical circumstances that led to Aztec, Maya, and Inca cultures. [5]

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Document 2

2. Aztec Political Cartoon

The Aztec people of central Mexico lived under the rule of Theocracy, or a society with a religious leader making all of the decisions.

2. Based on the cartoon, explain how audience, or bias, or purpose, or point-of-view affects the document’s use as a piece of historical evidence. [5]

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Documents 3&4

3. Machu Picchu 4. Inca Terraces

Cause- refers to something that contributes to the occurrence of an event, the rise of an idea, or the bringing about of a development.

Effect- refers to what happens as a consequence (result, impact, outcome) of an event, and idea, or development.

3. Identify and explain a cause-and-effect relationship associated with the events or ideas in documents 3 and 4. Be sure to use evidence from both documents 3 and 4 in your response. [5] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Documents 5&6

5. Olmec Magazine Article 6. Historical Theory Website

“Another key bone of contention surrounding the colossal Olmec heads comes from their distinctive facial features. Some theories suggest that the Olmecs were heavily influenced by early black civilisations, as a result of the supposedly African features the basalt heads possess. However, these claims have been dismissed, as the colossal Olmec heads’ facial features are actually very similar to those of Gulf Coast Mexicans even to this day. Either way, almost everyone agrees they were probably Olmec rulers.”

“The exact meaning of the colossal heads has been lost to time, but over the years there have been several theories. Their sheer size and majesty immediately suggest that they represent gods, but this theory has been discounted because in general, Mesoamerican gods are depicted as more gruesome than humans, and the faces are obviously human. The helmet/headdress worn by each of the heads suggests ballplayers, but most archaeologists today say they think they represented rulers. Part of the evidence for this is the fact that each of the faces has a distinct look and personality, suggesting individuals of great power and importance. If the heads had any religious significance to the Olmec, it has been lost to time, although many modern researchers say they think that the ruling class might have claimed a link to their gods.”

Similarity- tells how something is alike or the same as something else.

Difference- tells how something is not alike or not the same as something else.

4b. Explain a similarity or difference regarding ideas about the role of Rulers and Ancestry. Be sure to use evidence from both documents 5 and 6 in your response. [1]

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Documents 7 & 8

7. Mythical Origin of Aztec Empire 8. Tenochtitlan

Turning point- is a major event, idea, or historical development that brings about significant change. It can be local, regional, national, or global.

5a. Identify a turning point associated with the historical development and events related to both documents 7 and 8. [1]

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5b. Explain why the historical developments and events associated with these documents are considered a turning point. Be sure to use evidence from both documents 7 and 8 in your response. [1]

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