Mr. K's Grammar Planet Presents 3. Parts of Speech: Adjectives...> fact adjectives Adjective Order...
Transcript of Mr. K's Grammar Planet Presents 3. Parts of Speech: Adjectives...> fact adjectives Adjective Order...
3 Adjectives
Mr. K's Grammar Boot Camp 1
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Ger3. Parts of Speech: Adjectives
Mr. K's Grammar Boot Camp
Unit 1: Parts of Speech
Mr. K's Grammar Planet
Presents
Lesson Objectives
1. What are adjectives?
2. Where can you put adjectives in English?
3. In what order do you have to put adjectives in English?
4. What are linking verbs?
5. What are adjective "markers"?
Parts of Speech: Adjectives
3 Adjectives
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Parts of Speech: AdjectivesWhat are adjectives?
wo zhi dao
• An adjective is a word that describes a noun.• Adjectives can be put in two different places in English.
1. Before a noun> a fun game an easy test a blue car nice weather
2. After certain verbs called linking verbs> The food is hot.> I am getting sleepy.> The book sounds interesting.
• Adjectives can be divided into three main categories.> quantifying adjectives> opinion adjectives> fact adjectives
Adjective OrderDo you have to put adjectives in a specific order in English?
wo zhi dao
• Adjectives can be divided into three main groups
Quantifiers• Quantifiers answer the
questions how much or how many.> one, two, three> some, many, a lot of> much, a few, a little
Opinion Adjectives• Not everybody agrees
with the information.
> interesting, funny> beautiful, scary> difficult, confusing
Fact Adjectives• Everyone agrees.• It is always true.
> small, large, round> new, red, French> plastic, glass
Adjective Order
number opinion size shape age color origin material purpose
FACT1 2 3 4 5 6 7
three funny new Indian movies several old yellow paper fans
a beautiful large round wooden table a dozen delicious fresh French pastries
3 5 3 4 6
1 2 6 3 5
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Linking VerbsWhat are the common linking verbs in English?
wo zhi dao
• There is a limited group of linking verbs in English.
the"be"verb*
• am, is, are• was, were• been• to be, being
> The students are in the cafeteria.> The tests were not so difficult.> Don't be late tomorrow.> I have been a teacher for thirty years.
*The "be" verb is a linking verb when it is the main verb of a clause. The "be" verb can also be a helping verb.
– The children are playing outside. (continuous tense)– The paper was thrown into the garbage. (passive voice)– We are going to leave at 7:00.
change
• get• become• grow• turn
> The weather is getting warmer.> Kai became a doctor to help people.> When you get older, your hair starts to turn gray.> Skyler must be cold. His lips are turning blue.
fivesenses
• look• sound• taste• smell• feel
> That cloud looks like an elephant.> Your trip sounds exciting.> Baker's chocolate tastes very bitter.> Something smells like rotten eggs.> If you feel cold, put on a jacket.
others• seem• appear• stay
> Ella seems sad. Is she upset about something?> At first, the player appeared seriously injured,
but he was able to run off the field.> Parents of small children must stay alert.
Noun ComplementsWhat is the difference between an object and a complement?
wo zhi dao
Noun Complements• A complement is the information that comes after a linking verb.• When you have a noun complement, the subject and complement are the
same person or thing.• Linking verbs are like equal signs. ( = )
> Phnom Penh is the capital of Cambodia. (Phnom Penh = capital)> subject complement
> Thanksgiving has been a holiday since 1863. (Thanksgiving = holiday)> subject complement
> The car needs gasoline. (two different things)> subject object
3 Adjectives
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Common ComplementsWhat are the different kinds of complements?
wo zhi dao
Noun (Pronoun)• A noun complement* is a noun that is the same person, place or thing as the
subject.• There are two common linking verbs followed by noun complements: be and
become.> The two most popular sports in the U.S. are football and baseball.> The U.S. became an independent country in 1776.
*A "noun" complement can also be a gerund, an infinitive or a noun clause.– My mother's hoppy is growing fruits and vegetables in her garden.– Our favorite thing to do on Saturday is go to the beach.– The problem is that we don't have enough time.
Adjective• An adjective complement* is an adjective that describes the subject.• All linking verbs can be followed by adjective complements.
> The food tastes very spicy. (spicy food)> The snow is getting deeper and deeper. (deep snow)
Adjective MarkersHow do you know if a word is an adjective?
wo zhi dao
• An adjective marker is something that tells you a word is probably an adjective.
Words ending with ~er or ~est• If you can add ~er or ~est to a word, it is (probably) an adjective.
> tall / taller / tallest> fast / faster / fastest
> strong / stronger / strongest> rainy / rainier / rainiest
Words following more or most• If you can put more or most in front, it is (probably) an adjective.
> difficult / more difficult / most difficult> satisfying / more satisfying / most satisfying
Words following adverbs of degree• Adverbs of degree raise or lower the level of something.
> really difficult very funny extremely busy> so wonderful too easy
Capitalized Words
3 Adjectives
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Adjective Markers: ExceptionsHow do you know if a word is NOT an adjective?
wo zhi dao
• There are exceptions to most of these rules.
Adverbs Ending with ~er or ~est / more or most.• Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs describe actions (verbs).• Adverbs can end with ~er or ~est.
> I will arrive earlier tomorrow.– (Earlier describes when I will arrive.)
> Skyler runs the fastest.– (Fastest describes how Skyler runs.)
• Adverbs can follow more or most.
> Please speak more slowly.– Slowly describes how you should speak.
> She drives the most carefully.– Carefully describes how she drives.
Adjective Markers: ExceptionsHow do you know if a word is NOT an adjective?
wo zhi dao
Nouns following more and most• More and most are also quantifiers that tell you how much or how many.
> Bianca wants to invite more people to her birthday party.> Most apartments near a university are rented by students.
Adverbs following adverbs of degree• Adverbs of degree like so, too and very can modify adverbs as well.
> I woke up too late to see the sunrise.– (Late describes when I woke up.)
> Rie sings and dances so beautifully.– (How does Rie sing and dance?)
> Isaac can type extremely fast.– (How does Isac type?)