MPS-PA Compact-Workstation Workbook Solutions
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Transcript of MPS-PA Compact-Workstation Workbook Solutions
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
MPS PA Compact Workstation EN 09/09
Intended application
This courseware has been developed and manufactured exclusively for vocational and continuing training in process automation and control engineering. The training company and / or trainers have the duty to ensure that trainees observe all safety precautions described in the accompanying manuals and data sheets. Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. and ADIRO Automatisierungstechnik GmbH will not be liable for any damage or injury to trainees, the training company and / or other third parties resulting from use of the equipment for any other purpose than training, unless Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. or ADIRO Automatisierungstechnik GmbH has caused such damage or injury willfully or through negligence.
Order no Designation Description Status Authors Translation Graphics Layout
BE.TW.0006 Workbook Solutions for MPS-PA Compact Workstation 09/2009 Jrgen Helmich, Stefan Knoblauch, Andreas Wierer (ADIRO) Williams Technical Communication Pty Ltd, Brisbane Jrgen Helmich, Stefan Knoblauch (ADIRO) Jrgen Helmich (ADIRO)
Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG, 05/2008 Internet: www.festo.com/didactic http://www.festo.com/didactic/de/ProcessAutomation e-mail: [email protected]
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved, in particular the right to carry out patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Contents
Solutions for 2 Project planning................................................................................. 5 Solution for 2.2 Equipment list............................................................................... 5 Solution for Exercise 2.3.1..................................................................................... 9 Solution for Exercise 2.3.2 ................................................................................... 13 Solution for Exercise 2.3.3 ................................................................................... 17 Solutions for 3 Analysis ........................................................................................... 21 Solution for Worksheet 3.1.1 ............................................................................... 21 Solution for Worksheet 3.2.1 ............................................................................... 22 Solution for Worksheet 3.2.2 ............................................................................... 23 Solution for Worksheet 3.2.3 ............................................................................... 24 Solution for Worksheet 3.3.1 ............................................................................... 27 Solution for Worksheet 3.3.2 ............................................................................... 28 Solution for Worksheet 3.4.1 ............................................................................... 30 Solution for Worksheet 3.4.2 ............................................................................... 32 Solution for Worksheet 3.4.3 ............................................................................... 33 Solution for Worksheet 3.5.1 ............................................................................... 34 Solution for Worksheet 3.6.1 ............................................................................... 35 Solution for Worksheet 3.7.2 ............................................................................... 36 Solution for Worksheet 3.8.1 ............................................................................... 37 Solution for Worksheet 3.8.2 ............................................................................... 38 Solution for Worksheet 3.8.2 ............................................................................... 39 Solution for Worksheet 3.9.1 ............................................................................... 39 Solution for Worksheet3.9.2 ................................................................................ 40 Solution for Worksheet 3.10 ................................................................................ 41 Solutions for 4 Commissioning ................................................................................ 49 Solution for Worksheet 4.1.1 ............................................................................... 49 Solution for Worksheet 4.1.2 ............................................................................... 50 Solution for Worksheet 4.1.3 ............................................................................... 51 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.1 ............................................................................... 53 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.2 ............................................................................... 53 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.3 ............................................................................... 55 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.4 .............................................................................. 56 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.5 ............................................................................... 58 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.1 ............................................................................... 59 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.2 ............................................................................... 59 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.3 .............................................................................. 61 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.4 .............................................................................. 62 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.5 .............................................................................. 64 Solutions for 5 Control engineering ......................................................................... 65 Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1 ............................................................................... 65 Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1 ............................................................................... 67 Solution for Worksheet5.1.1 ................................................................................ 68 Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1 ............................................................................... 69 Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1 ............................................................................... 70
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Contents
Solution for Worksheet 5.2.6 ............................................................................... 71 Solution for Worksheet 5.3.1 ............................................................................... 73
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for 2 Project planning
Solution for 2.2 Equipment list Which components are necessary for the chosen close-loop control system?
Equipment list for level
Components PLC / controller Tank pressure gauge pump ultrasonic sensor pressure sensor flow rate sensor temperature sensor proportional valve industrial controller proximity switch float switch, overflow float switch for raising level pressure tank SCADA piping and hand valves heating X X X X X X
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Equipment list for flow rate
Components PLC / controller Tank pressure gauge pump ultrasonic sensor pressure sensor flow rate sensor temperature sensor proportional valve industrial controller proximity switch float switch, overflow float switch for raising level pressure tank SCADA piping and hand valves heating X X X X X X
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Equipment list for pressure
Components PLC / controller Tank pressure gauge pump ultrasonic sensor pressure sensor flow rate sensor temperature sensor proportional valve industrial controller proximity switch float switch, overflow float switch for raising level pressure tank SCADA piping and hand valves heating X X X X X X X
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Equipment list for temperature
Components PLC / controller Tank pressure gauge pump ultrasonic sensor pressure sensor flow rate sensor temperature sensor proportional valve industrial controller proximity switch float switch, overflow float switch for raising level pressure tank SCADA piping and hand valves heating X X X X X X X
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Exercise 2.3.1
PI-diagram for level, ISA Standard
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
PI-diagram for flow rate, ISA Standard
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
PI-diagram for pressure, ISA Standard
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
PI-diagram for temperature, ISA Standard
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Exercise 2.3.2 Instrument loop list for level controlled system.
1 Revision
2 EMCS-point
3 PCS.
4 Component symbol Ultrasonicsensor B101 Transformer
5 EMCS task
6 Place
7 Range
8 Flow rate
9 pressure absolute
10 p
11 t C
12 material value
13 14 Rltg./Ap.Stutz DN R-KL PN D-KL
LIC102
1
Measure level
F
4..20mA
1 A1 Controller E/E N1 Relay 1 K1 Applifier A4
transform signal
S
4...20mA/ 0...10V PI 4..20mA 0...10V digital (0)/ analog (1)
1
proportional controller
C
preselect pump
S
1
transform signal and power
S
0...10V
P101
1
Pump M1
control level
F
0...24V
0...6 l/min
level controlled system
EMCS point list - solution
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop list for flow controlled system.
1 Revision
2 EMCS-point
3 PCS.
4 Component symbol
5 EMCS task
6 Place
7 Range
8 Flow rate
9 pressure absolute
10 p
11 t C
12 material value
13 14 Rltg./Ap.Stutz DN R-KL PN D-KL
FIC101.1
1
Flow rate sensor B102
Measure flow rate
F 40...1200 Hz 0,3...9,0 l/min
1
Transformer A2 Controller E/E N1 Relay K1
transform signal
S
0...1000 Hz/ 0...10 V PI 4..20 mA 0...10 V digital (0)/ analog (1)
1
proportional controller
C
1
pre-select pump
S
1
Amplifier A4
transform signal and power
S
0...10 V
P101
1
Pump M1
Control flow rate
F
0...24 V
0...6 l/min
flow rate controlled system
EMCS point list - solution
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop list for pressure controlled system.
1 Revision
2 EMCS-point
3 PCS.
4 Component symbol
5 EMCS task
6 Place
7 Range
8 Flow rate
9 pressure absolute
10 p
11 t C
12 material value
13 14 Rltg./Ap.Stutz DN R-KL PN D-KL
PIC103
1
Pressure sensor B103 Controller E/E N1 Relay K1
Measure pressure
F 0...400 mbar
1
proportional controller
C
PI 4..20 mA 0...10 V digital (0)/ analog (1)
1
pre-select pump
S
1
Amplifier A4
transform signal and power
S
0...10 V
P101
1
Pump M1
Control flow rate
F
0...24 V
0...6 l/min
pressure controlled system
EMCS point list - solution
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop list for temperature controlled system.
1 Revision
2 EMCS-point
3 PCS.
4 Component symbol Temperatur sensor B104 Transformer A3 Controller E/E N1 Relay K_E104
5 EMCS task
6 Place
7 Range
8 Flow rate
9 pressure absolute
10 p
11 t C
12 material value
13 14 Rltg./Ap.Stutz DN R-KL PN D-KL
TIC104
1
Measure temperature
F
PT100 80...150 Ohm
-50...+150 C
1
transform signal
S
0...100 C/ 0...10 V PI 4..20 mA 0...10 V 0/24V / Heating ON/OFF 0 l/min / 6 l/min
1
Controller, un-steady 2-point control Heating
C
1
Control heating
S
P101
1
Pump M1
control circulation
F
0 V / 24 V
1
Relay K1
pre-select pump
S
digital (0)/ analog (1)
temperatur controlled system
EMCS point list - solution
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Exercise 2.3.3
Instrument loop diagram for level controlled system.
N1X2.8 PID X2.3 X2.6 X2.2
12
14
K15 6 0...10V U 23 11 22 0...10V I 4...20 mA U
A1 A4U 2 4
0...24 V
14
13
5...300 mm
A2
A1
B102L
M1
M
P101
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop diagram for flow controlled system.
N1X2.7 (UE2) PID X2.3 X2.6 X2.2 (UA1)
12
14
5 (Out)
6 (0V) 0...10V U 23
K111 22 0...10V
A2f 0...1000 Hz 2 (IN+) 4 (IN-) U
A4U 0...24 V
14
13
40...1200 Hz
A2
A1
B102
F
M1
M
P101
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop diagram for pressure controlled system.
N1X2.15 (UE3) PID X2.3 X2.6 X2.2 (UA1)
12
14
K111 23 22 0...10V U
A4U 0...24 V
14
13
0...400 mbar
A2
A1
B103 P
M1
M
P101
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop diagram for temperature controlled system.
N1X2.14 (UE4) X2.3 XMA.2 XMA.11
Out
0V 0...10V U
A3T 0...100 C 1 2 3
XMA.0 VA
XMA.Q1
230V PE L N2 1 14 -50...+150 C
B104 T E10413
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for 3 Analysis
Solution for Worksheet 3.1.1
The task is to calculate the volume of the container and to establish the relationship between volume and level. To calculate the container volume, refer to the data sheet. Here you will find the internal dimensions of the container. If this data is used to calculate the maximum volume, the result is:
Where:
Container height Container width Container depth
h = 300 mm w = 190 mm d = 175 mm
Find:
Volume at level 300 mm or 100 mm
Solution:
19 0mm 175 mm 300 mm = 9.975.000 mm 3 = 9,975 l 10l1dm 3 = 1l Volume when scale reads 100 mm a 3.325 l 1mm a 33mlWhen the scale reads 300 mm, the volume of medium in the container is 10l.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.2.1
The pump is a normally primed centrifugal pump. This type of pump requires an absolutely tight suction pipe that should always be inclined up away from the pump in order to prevent the formation of air pockets. The pump and suction pipe must be filled with medium. The following points must be taken into account during operation: Before operation, the pump must be filled with medium. The pumps must not run dry but a dry-running period of less than 30 minutes will not damage the pump. The pump must always run in the prescribed direction. The pump is suitable for continuous operation. The medium to be pumped should not contain large particles of contaminant.
1.1.1 Where: Find: Solution:
Calculating the rated current
V = 24V
P = 26W
The rated current of the pump
P =V I
I=
P 26W = = 1.083 A V 24V
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.2.2
Exploded drawing of the pump
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Part designation Housing, 20 Rotor disk O-ring Screw Motor bracket Washer Shaft Seal Magnet housing
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.2.3
To determine the delivery rate of the pump, water is pumped from the lower container to the upper container until the level reads 150 mm on the scale. This allows the average flowrate per unit time (volumetric flow) to be determined. The pump capacity is to be calculated with the aid of the volumetric flow and the delivery head. Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Commission the system: fill and vent. Switch on power supply. Close the outlet of the upper container of the level-controlled system. Switch pump ON (with Process Lab, SPS or controller) and start timer. When level of 150 mm on the scale is reached, stop timer. Read off actual scale value (if not exactly 150 mm). Determine and document pumping time and delivery head. Determine average flowrate. Determine pump capacity.
Result
61,5 s
Result of pump speed measurement
135 mm
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Measured values from diagram: Pumping time t F = 61,5s Delivery head hF = 135mm Container width w = 190mm Container depth l = 175mm& Calculation of volumetric flow s V :
3 3 & = V = hF w l = 135mm 190mm 175mm = 4488750mm = 72987.8 mm V t tF 61.5s 61.5s s
mm 3 60 mm 3 l & V = 72987.8 = 4.379.260 = 4.38 min min sThe volumetric flow is the volume flowing through the cross-sectional area per unit time. The capacity of the pump can be calculated with the following formula:
m & P = V g h with g = 9.81 2 sThe system comprises a low and a high container and a pump between them. The maximum delivery head hmax is the distance between the inlet port of the pump and the maximum delivery head in the upper container hoB, less the minimum suction height in the lower container huB in relation to the surface of the profile plate. Distance pump inlet maximum delivery head in the upper container:
h oB = 350mm + 145mm 35mm =460mmMinimum suction height:
h uB = 155mm 35mm = 120mmThe maximum delivery head hmax is:
h max = h oB huB = 460mm 120mm = 340mmThe density of water is
= 1.00
kg kg = 1000.0 3 3 dm m
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
This results in the following calculation for the capacity of the pump:
& P = V g hmax = 72.99 10 3 P = 243.45 10 3 with N = m 3 kg m m s m3 s 2
m3 kg m 1000 3 9.81 2 0.340m s m s
kg m resulting in the unit s2 Nm P = 243.45 10 3 = 243.45 10 3W s
Explanation of the result No general solution for the capacity of the pump can be given as the value varies from system to system. Component tolerances in the pump, the setting of the motor regulator operating characteristic as well as differences in the piping system (curves, pumping head) can result in different delivery rates.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.3.1
What does the term proportional valve mean? The solenoid valves are closed by a spring at zero current. Any current through the solenoid coil results in a state of equilibrium between the spring and the magnetic force. The strength of the solenoid current or the magnetic force determines the stroke of the armature or degree to which the valve is opened. Ideally, dependency between current and opening of the valve should be linear. In other words, the valve opens and closes to a degree proportional to an analog voltage in the range 0 to 10 V.
What electrical signals do you need to use a proportional valve? The electronics of the proportional valve require a supply voltage of 24 VDC.
The valve is opened or closed with a control voltage of 0 to 10 V.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.3.2
What is the maximum rate at which you can pump the medium used through the proportional valve? The throughput capacity of a control valve is to be determined. The maximum flowrate is calculated from the KV value and the pressure drop across the valve: Where: KVS value data sheet Delivery pressure
KVS = 0.33
m3 h
Proportional valve
p = 0.3bar
Pump data sheet
Volume flowrate
l & V = 9 .0 min
Pump data sheet
Find: Maximum flowrate Solution:
p & V = 31.6 KVS
with p = 0.3bar and = 1000
kg m3
& V = 31.6 0.33
0 .3 m 3 1000 h
m3 m3 m3 dm 3 l & V = 0.164 = 164 10 3 = 2.74 10 3 = 2.74 = 2.74 h h min min minThe flowrate determined with Process Lab:
l & V = 2 .3 min
What possibilities are there for adjusting this valve?
You can set the maximum and the minimum flowrate through the valve via the
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
electronics with the aid of potentiometers R1 and R2.
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Solution for Worksheet 3.4.1
Equipment list for the process drive module
Item. Process drive equipment list 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ball cock Reducing sleeve Mounting bracket with cheese-head screws Semi-rotary drive Namur solenoid valve Exhaust-air flow control valve with integrated silencer Quick push-pull elbow Solenoid valve Socket with connecting cable Sensor box with connecting cable
Type " SW9/SW11 ALU Sypar
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 2
7 8 9 10
G1/4
1 1
3-wire 6-wire
1 1
What electrical signals do you need to work with the process drive?
A digital signal for the solenoid valve ( (24V: switch ON, 0V: switch OFF)
Give a brief description of the modules mode of operation..
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
A coil is energized by an electrical signal. This operates the Namur valve magnetically. The semi-rotary drive moves through 90 as the result of the compressed air switched by the valve. This opens or closes the ball cock.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.4.2
What function does the sensor box fulfill? Name the signals you receive from the sensor box and, where appropriate, how you can record these signals. The sensor box delivers three signals 1) a visual signal, red and yellow. Red means Ball clock closed and yellow means Ball cock open.
2) A digital signal to I5 (digital input of the I/O terminal) High means Ball cock closed.
3) A second digital signal to I6 (digital input of the I/O terminal): High means Ball cock open.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.4.3
What type of drive is it? How does it work? It is a semi-rotary drive with a scotch yoke. When the process valve is opened, the pistons move to the end caps. When the process valve is closed, the piston moves toward the shaft. The torque is generated by the scotch yoke. In contrast to rack and pinion drives is not constant throughout the angle of rotation. Benefit: The high breakaway torque of the valve is overcome. The range of motion of the drive is limited to 90 for use with equipment such as ball cocks and butterfly valves.
Function diagram
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.5.1
What are all the things you have to take into account when using the heating element?? The heating element may only be switched on if it is entirely immersed in fluid.
Caution!
The heating element is hot!
Calculate the rated current of the heating element. The following values are to be taken from the data sheet:Where:
Rated voltage: Heat output at rated voltage:
230V 1000 W
Find:
Rated current of the heating element.
Solution:
i = P = 1000 W 4.35 A u 230 V
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.6.1
The sensor characteristic of the ultrasound sensor was recorded with FluidLab-PA. The relationship between the sensor signal and the container level can be derived from the characteristic.
Characteristic of the Siemens ultrasound sensor with FluidLab-PA
Operating range of the Siemens ultrasound sensor, programmed by ADIRO
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.7.2
1.1.2 K factor:
From data sheet
8000 pulses 0 .3 9 .0 l
dm
3
= 8000 pulses
l
Measuring range:
min
1.1.3 For
Calculation
= 40 1 = 40 Hz min sec For 9.0 l 72000 pulses = 1200 1 = 1200 Hz min min sec 0 .3 l min
2400 pulses
Flowrate (l/min) Frequency (1/s)
Durchfluss [l/min]
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 1100 1200 Frequenz [1/s]
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.8.1
The analog pressure sensor is a piezoresistive relative pressure sensor with integrated amplifier and built-in temperature compensation in an aluminum housing. The pressure to be measured acts on the piezoresistive element. The resulting signal change is emitted via an integrated amplifier as a voltage at the connector. The maximum output voltage is 10V DC. The output signal can be measured with a voltmeter. The temperature of the medium to be measured must be within a certain range, namely between 25C und 100C. The measuring range is between 0 and 100 mbar or 0 and 400 mbar, depending on the sensor type (see data sheets).
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.8.2
10 V 6
U 42 0 -1 0 20 40 60 mbar 100
PCharacteristic of the pressure sensor 167224
Pressure [mbar] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Voltage [V] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Measured-value table for pressure sensor 167224
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.8.2
Characteristic of pressure sensor BE.EL.0600
Increase the voltage at the pump until the desired pressure value is shown on the manometer.Pressure [mbar] 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Voltage [V] 0 1.25 2.5 4.75 5.0 6.25 7.5 8.75 10 Not possible Not possible Not possible Comment
Measured-value table for pressure sensor BE.EL.0600
Solution for Worksheet 3.9.1
This exercise involves examining the temperature sensor. Pt stands for the material out of which the measuring resistor is made.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Pt: Platinum, Ni: Nickel. 100 stands for the resistance in Ohms, when the measuring resistor has a temperature of 0C. There are also Pt1000 Sensors. Logically, these have a resistance of 1000 Ohm at a reference temperature of 0C. The temperature coefficient of the sensors is uniform at 3850 ppm/K. That means the internal resistance of the sensor changes by 0.385% for each degree change in temperature. Based on these values, the resistance of the Pt100 at 100C can be calculated as follows: Temperature change from
0C to 100C = 100 K 100 K 0.385% = 38.5% K R100 K = 38.5 R100C = R0C + R100 K = 100 + 38.5 = 138.5
The measuring resistor can be measured with an ohmmeter. Solution for Worksheet3.9.2
R/
/C
Temperature [C] Value []
-100.00 60.25
0.00 100.00
100.00 138.50
200.00 175.84
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.10
What result do you expect? Measurement 1: Inlet valve open, outlet valve closed, pump running
Level [mm] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 ----0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Time [s] 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
Level [mm] 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56
Time [s]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Inflow characteristic with FluidLab-PA - Inlet valve open, outlet valve closed
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
What result to you expect? Measurement 2: Inlet valve open, outlet valve closed, pump not running
Level [mm] 300 290 280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 0 5 10 15 20 25 31 38 44 50 56 63 69 75 81
Time [s] 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Level [mm] 87 96 104 112 118 130 138 150 162 175 187 200 225 250 -----
Time [s]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Outflow characteristic with FluidLab-PA inlet valve open, outlet valve closed
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
What result to you expect? Measurement 3: Inlet valve open, outlet valve open, pump running
Level [mm] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 ----0 8 19 30 44 60 77 100 131 168 212 280
Time [s] 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
Level [mm]
Time [s]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Inflow characterstic with FluidLab-PA inlet valve open, outlet valve open
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Bildtexte: Level (mm) 1. Inflow t8s), V2 closed 2. Outflow t(s) 3. Inflow t(s), V2 open
Characteristics for container inflow and outflow
Findings from Measurement 1 The outlet valve V102/V112 is closed. As a result inflow via the inlet valve V101, the increase in the level (h) in the container is steady and linear over time. The greater the inflow, the more quickly the level in the container increases per unit time. If the quantity of water in container B101 were not limited, the amount of water would continue to increase until the container overflowed. There is not self-stabilization here. For this reason, the closed container B102 is an uncompensated controlled system. These uncompensated controlled systems are also termed integral systems (I systems), because the feed quantities add up. The level is thus the sum of all water that flows into the system. The time from empty to full is therefore also called the integration time Ti. Typical integral systems in machine-building are hydraulic cylinders and threaded spindles.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Findings from Measurement 2 The hydrostatic pressure in the water column ensures a reduction of flowrate at the outlet. The lower the water column, the lower the hydrostatic pressure and thus the lower the amount of water outflow. This results in a non-linear characteristic. Example: Electrical engineering: discharge of a capacitor Finding from Measurement 3 Controlled systems with compensation are controlled systems whose characteristic reaches equilibrium after a time. In level-controlled systems, the compensation takes the following physical form. When filling with a constant flowrate (inflow), the pressure of the water column at the bottom of the container is proportional to the level. The pressure at the bottom increases with level. This results in an increase in outflow until equilibrium with the inflow is reached. This results in a constant level that is, it no longer increases. This is called a steady-state end value. Outflow flowrate of water = inflow flowrate Controlled systems with equilibrium are also called PT controlled systems: P because the steady-state value is proportional to the input vale T because the steady-state value is only reached after time T If only container (controlled system) is present, the controlled system is called a PT1 = 1st order controlled system. A controlled system of the 0th order would be a pure P system, for example, a lever: the force is transmitted immediately without any delay.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for 4 Commissioning
Solution for Worksheet 4.1.1
Are you using close-loop or open-loop control of the level?The level is close-loop controlled..
Is it possible to maintain a constant level manually?It is very difficult to maintain the level accurately.
Pump voltage measured at mean measured valueMean measured value [mm]
Pump voltage [V]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.1.2
Determining the operating range and operating point of the controlTransducer output signal U [V]
Level h [mm]
Sensor signal I [mA]
Max. measured value
25
Mean measured value
150
5
Min. measured value
300
10
The mean measured value can be taken as the operating point for the dynamic response of the control. The operating point should always be in the linear part of the sensor characteristic. The relationship between the input variable and the output variable that is the actual value and the manipulated variable is determined for the static response of the control when stationary. The manipulated variable should also be in the linear part of the actuator (pump).
Transient response of a level-controlled system (Compact Workstation) static response
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.1.3
A functioning control always comprises at least two elements: a controller and a controlled system. For control tasks it is essential to know which variable in the system is to be controlled. In a level-controlled system, the controlled variable is the level its current status (actual value) is interrogated by a sensor. How does the system respond with the outlet valve closed? The level (actual value) slowly approaches the setpoint. Once the setpoint is reached, the controller ensures that the speed of the pump is reduced as required to maintain the desired level. How does the system respond with the outlet valve open? Opening the outlet valve acts as a disturbance variable. Water is suddenly removed from the container. The level of the container is maintained, however. The pump runs faster (higher RPM) than with the outlet valve closed. Background The controller has the task of controlling the system in such a way that the controlled variable (that is, the level), remains as constant as possible. In the event of a disturbance (sudden removal of water), the controller increases the speed of the pump to pump more water into the container and thus compensate the loss. The controller is informed of a change in level by the signal from the sensor. This signal is termed the actual value.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Dynamic response setpoint step-change to operating point with PI controller, outlet valve open
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.2.1
It is not possible to maintain a constant flowrate manually.
Solution for Worksheet 4.2.2 Determining the measuring chain of the flow-controlled system with a pump as final control elementFlow-controlled system Pump operating range Flowrate Q [l/min] Signal f [Hz] Flowrate Q [l/min] Sensor
Transducer Flowrate Q [l/min] Signal f [Hz] Flowrate Q [l/min]
MAX
4.3
266
9.0
1200
1000
10.0
7.5
MIN
0.0
0.0
0.4
50
0.0
0.0
0.0
Determining the flowrate characteristic of the pump (light blue = pump voltage, green = flowrate)
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Mean value of the operating range of the control system with a pump as the final control elementMean measured value [l/min] Dimensionless value [ 0.0 1.0 ] Pump voltage [V]
2,0
0,35
6,0
Convert the measured value into a dimensionless value in the range [0-0 1.0]. This means that the maximum measurable pressure of 400 mbar would have the value 1.0.
System response for a flow-controlled system with pump at operating point, input voltage jump of 6.0V
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.2.3
System response for a setpoint jump of a flow-controlled system with a pump and PI controller
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.2.4
Determining the operating range of a flow-controlled system with a proportional valve as final control elementSensor Transducer
Flow-controlled system Proportional value operating range Signal f [Hz] Flowrate Q [l/min] Output signal f [Hz]
Signal f [Hz]
Flowrate Q [l/min]
Output signal f [Hz]
Signal f [Hz]
MAX
2.3
306
9.0
1200
1000
10.0
7.5
MIN
0.0
0.0
0.4
50
0.0
0.0
0.0
Determining the flowrate characteristic of the proportional valve (light blue = pump voltage, green = flowrate)
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Mean value of the operating range of the control system with a proportional valve as the final control elementMean measured value [l/min] Dimensionless value [ 0.0 1.0 ] Pump voltage [V]
1,2 (153 Hz)
0,15
6,0
System response for a flow-controlled system with proportional valve at operating point, input voltage jump of 5.0 V.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.2.5
System response for a setpoint jump of a flow-controlled system with a proportional valve and a PI controller
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.3.1
It is not possible to maintain a constant pressure manually.
Solution for Worksheet 4.3.2 Determining the measuring chain of a pressure-controlled system with a pump as final control elementPressure-controlled system Pump operating range Pressure p [mbar] Signal U [V] Sensor Measuring range Pressure p [mbar] Signal U [V]
MAX
220
5.45
400
10V
MIN
0
0.0
0
0.0
Determining the pressure characteristic of the pump (light blue = pump voltage, green = container pressure)
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Mean value of the operating range of the pressure-controlled system with a pump as the final control elementMean measured value [l/min] Dimensionless value [ 0.0 1.0 ] Pump voltage [V]
110
0.28
8.0
Convert the measured value into a dimensionless value in the range [0-0 1.0]. This means that the maximum measurable pressure of 400 mbar would have the value 1.0.
System response for a pressure-controlled system with pump at operating point, input voltage jump of 8.0 V
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.3.3
System response for a pressure-controlled system with pump and PID controller
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.3.4
Determining the operating range of the pressure-controlled system with a proportional valve as final control elementPressure-controlled system Pump operating range Signal [V] Pressure p [mbar] Sensor Measuring range Signal [V] Pressure p [mbar]
MAX
210
5.35
400
10V
MIN
0
0.0
0
0.0
Determining the pressure characteristic of the proportional valve (light blue = pump voltage, green = container pressure)
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Mean value of the operating range of the pressure-controlled system with a proportional valve as the final control elementMean measured value [l/min] Dimensionless value [ 0.0 1.0 ] Pump voltage [V]
105
0.26
1.3
System response for pressure-controlled system with proportional valve at operating point, input voltage jump 1.3 V
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.3.5
System response for a setpoint jump of a pressure-controlled system with a proportional valve and PID controller
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for 5 Control engineering
Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1
The order of the controlled system can be determined from the transient response curve of the controlled system:
Transient responses of systems of different order
Once the order of the controlled system has been established, the time constant T of the controlled system can be determined graphically. For controlled systems of the 1st order, the time constant is determined as follows:
Bildtexte S = output variable When t = T, T = 63%Determining the time constant
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Bildtexte: The irrational number e the characteristic value for a steadily decreasing rate of increase calculated? The number e is the final value of the series: Final value Time steps e = 2.71832 (bitte Dezimalpunkt statt komma verwenden) How is the number e, the In the language of mathematics, the time constant is also termed a subtangent. PT1 elements smooth fast-changing signals (high frequencies) but let low frequencies pass. For this reason, they are also known as low-pass filters of the first order. They also generate a phase shift between the input signal and the output signal. The determination of time constants for higher-order controlled systems is described in detail in the workbook Control of temperature, flowrate and level), Chapter 2.3.3, Process analysis and modelling . The controlled system is in steady state after 5T. A controller for the controlled system should always be 8 10 times faster than the time constant to allow correct control.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1
Transient response of the level-controlled system at the operating point The transient response of the level-controlled system is shown as an example. Please note that the same measurement taken on different systems can lead to deviation. Such deviation is caused by component tolerances .The measurement was made using the Compact Workstation level-controlled system and recorded with FluidLab-PA and EasyportDA.
The level-controlled system (with open discharge valve) is a controlled system of the first order.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet5.1.1
Transient response of the flow-controlled system at the operating point The transient response of the flow-controlled system with a pump as final control element is shown as an example. Please note that the same measurement taken on different systems can lead to deviation. Such deviation is caused by component tolerances. The measurement was made using the Compact Workstation levelcontrolled system and recorded with FluidLab-PA and EasyportDA.
The flow-controlled system is a controlled system of the first order.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1
Transient response of the pressure-controlled system at the operating point The transient response of the pressure-controlled system with pump as final control element is shown as an example. Please note that the same measurement taken on different systems can lead to deviation. Such deviation is caused by component tolerances. The measurement was made using the Compact Workstation levelcontrolled system and recorded with FluidLab-PA and EasyportDA.
The pressure-controlled system is a controlled system of the first order.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1
Transient response of the temperature-controlled system at the operating point The transient response of the temperature-controlled system is shown as an example. Please note that the same measurement taken on different systems can lead to deviation. Such deviation is caused by component tolerances .The measurement was made using the Compact Workstation level-controlled system and recorded with FluidLab-PA and EasyportDA.
Note:
The jump is only shown for a temperature change of 5K compared to the start temperature, then the heater is switched off again.
The temperature-controlled system is a controlled system of the first order.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 5.2.6
Which controller is suitable for which controlled system?Permanent control deviation P Temperature Simple controlled systems with unsophisticated requirements Pressure Mostly unusable PD Simple controlled systems with unsophisticated requirements Mostly unusable Well suited. Also I controllers for controlled systems with large delay time Usable, but I controller alone often better Level In the case of short dead time Unsuitable because of dead time Suitable Suitable Very suitable Suitable if controlled variable does not pulsate too much No permanent control deviation PI Suitable PID Very suitable
Flow
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Suitable
Transport
Unsuitable
Usable, but I controller alone often better
Has little advantage over PI
Selection of controller types for the most important controlled variables
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Controlled system Pure dead time
Controller type P Unsuitable because of dead time PD Unsuitable PI Usable, but I controller normally sufficient Suitable if control deviation acceptable Control deviation normally too large for required Xp Worse than PID Well suited Well suited PID Has little advantage over PI
1st order with short dead time 2nd order with short dead time
Suitable if control deviation acceptable Control deviation normally too large for required Xp Unsuitable Suitable
Suitable
Higher order Without compensation with delay time
Unsuitable Suitable
Worse than PID Suitable
Well suited Very suitable
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 5.3.1
Procedure used in the Ziegler-Nichols method
Configure the controller as a P controller
Vary the amplification factor Kr until the controlled system approaches the limit of stability. (Until it just starts to oscillate.)
Read the periodic time of an oscillation.
Use the Ziegler-Nichols table to calculate the necessary parameters for the controller.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
MPS PA Compact Workstation EN 09/09
Intended application
This courseware has been developed and manufactured exclusively for vocational and continuing training in process automation and control engineering. The training company and / or trainers have the duty to ensure that trainees observe all safety precautions described in the accompanying manuals and data sheets. Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. and ADIRO Automatisierungstechnik GmbH will not be liable for any damage or injury to trainees, the training company and / or other third parties resulting from use of the equipment for any other purpose than training, unless Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. or ADIRO Automatisierungstechnik GmbH has caused such damage or injury willfully or through negligence.
Order no Designation Description Status Authors Translation Graphics Layout
BE.TW.0006 Workbook Solutions for MPS-PA Compact Workstation 09/2009 Jrgen Helmich, Stefan Knoblauch, Andreas Wierer (ADIRO) Williams Technical Communication Pty Ltd, Brisbane Jrgen Helmich, Stefan Knoblauch (ADIRO) Jrgen Helmich (ADIRO)
Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG, 05/2008 Internet: www.festo.com/didactic http://www.festo.com/didactic/de/ProcessAutomation e-mail: [email protected]
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved, in particular the right to carry out patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Contents
Solutions for 2 Project planning................................................................................. 5 Solution for 2.2 Equipment list............................................................................... 5 Solution for Exercise 2.3.1..................................................................................... 9 Solution for Exercise 2.3.2 ................................................................................... 13 Solution for Exercise 2.3.3 ................................................................................... 17 Solutions for 3 Analysis ........................................................................................... 21 Solution for Worksheet 3.1.1 ............................................................................... 21 Solution for Worksheet 3.2.1 ............................................................................... 22 Solution for Worksheet 3.2.2 ............................................................................... 23 Solution for Worksheet 3.2.3 ............................................................................... 24 Solution for Worksheet 3.3.1 ............................................................................... 27 Solution for Worksheet 3.3.2 ............................................................................... 28 Solution for Worksheet 3.4.1 ............................................................................... 30 Solution for Worksheet 3.4.2 ............................................................................... 32 Solution for Worksheet 3.4.3 ............................................................................... 33 Solution for Worksheet 3.5.1 ............................................................................... 34 Solution for Worksheet 3.6.1 ............................................................................... 35 Solution for Worksheet 3.7.2 ............................................................................... 36 Solution for Worksheet 3.8.1 ............................................................................... 37 Solution for Worksheet 3.8.2 ............................................................................... 38 Solution for Worksheet 3.8.2 ............................................................................... 39 Solution for Worksheet 3.9.1 ............................................................................... 39 Solution for Worksheet3.9.2 ................................................................................ 40 Solution for Worksheet 3.10 ................................................................................ 41 Solutions for 4 Commissioning ................................................................................ 49 Solution for Worksheet 4.1.1 ............................................................................... 49 Solution for Worksheet 4.1.2 ............................................................................... 50 Solution for Worksheet 4.1.3 ............................................................................... 51 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.1 ............................................................................... 53 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.2 ............................................................................... 53 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.3 ............................................................................... 55 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.4 .............................................................................. 56 Solution for Worksheet 4.2.5 ............................................................................... 58 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.1 ............................................................................... 59 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.2 ............................................................................... 59 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.3 .............................................................................. 61 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.4 .............................................................................. 62 Solution for Worksheet 4.3.5 .............................................................................. 64 Solutions for 5 Control engineering ......................................................................... 65 Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1 ............................................................................... 65 Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1 ............................................................................... 67 Solution for Worksheet5.1.1 ................................................................................ 68 Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1 ............................................................................... 69 Solution for Worksheet 5.1.1 ............................................................................... 70
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
3
Contents
Solution for Worksheet 5.2.6 ............................................................................... 71 Solution for Worksheet 5.3.1 ............................................................................... 73
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for 2 Project planning
Solution for 2.2 Equipment list Which components are necessary for the chosen close-loop control system?
Equipment list for level
Components PLC / controller Tank pressure gauge pump ultrasonic sensor pressure sensor flow rate sensor temperature sensor proportional valve industrial controller proximity switch float switch, overflow float switch for raising level pressure tank SCADA piping and hand valves heating X X X X X X
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Equipment list for flow rate
Components PLC / controller Tank pressure gauge pump ultrasonic sensor pressure sensor flow rate sensor temperature sensor proportional valve industrial controller proximity switch float switch, overflow float switch for raising level pressure tank SCADA piping and hand valves heating X X X X X X
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Equipment list for pressure
Components PLC / controller Tank pressure gauge pump ultrasonic sensor pressure sensor flow rate sensor temperature sensor proportional valve industrial controller proximity switch float switch, overflow float switch for raising level pressure tank SCADA piping and hand valves heating X X X X X X X
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
7
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Equipment list for temperature
Components PLC / controller Tank pressure gauge pump ultrasonic sensor pressure sensor flow rate sensor temperature sensor proportional valve industrial controller proximity switch float switch, overflow float switch for raising level pressure tank SCADA piping and hand valves heating X X X X X X X
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Exercise 2.3.1
PI-diagram for level, ISA Standard
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
PI-diagram for flow rate, ISA Standard
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
PI-diagram for pressure, ISA Standard
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
PI-diagram for temperature, ISA Standard
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Exercise 2.3.2 Instrument loop list for level controlled system.
1 Revision
2 EMCS-point
3 PCS.
4 Component symbol Ultrasonicsensor B101 Transformer
5 EMCS task
6 Place
7 Range
8 Flow rate
9 pressure absolute
10 p
11 t C
12 material value
13 14 Rltg./Ap.Stutz DN R-KL PN D-KL
LIC102
1
Measure level
F
4..20mA
1 A1 Controller E/E N1 Relay 1 K1 Applifier A4
transform signal
S
4...20mA/ 0...10V PI 4..20mA 0...10V digital (0)/ analog (1)
1
proportional controller
C
preselect pump
S
1
transform signal and power
S
0...10V
P101
1
Pump M1
control level
F
0...24V
0...6 l/min
level controlled system
EMCS point list - solution
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop list for flow controlled system.
1 Revision
2 EMCS-point
3 PCS.
4 Component symbol
5 EMCS task
6 Place
7 Range
8 Flow rate
9 pressure absolute
10 p
11 t C
12 material value
13 14 Rltg./Ap.Stutz DN R-KL PN D-KL
FIC101.1
1
Flow rate sensor B102
Measure flow rate
F 40...1200 Hz 0,3...9,0 l/min
1
Transformer A2 Controller E/E N1 Relay K1
transform signal
S
0...1000 Hz/ 0...10 V PI 4..20 mA 0...10 V digital (0)/ analog (1)
1
proportional controller
C
1
pre-select pump
S
1
Amplifier A4
transform signal and power
S
0...10 V
P101
1
Pump M1
Control flow rate
F
0...24 V
0...6 l/min
flow rate controlled system
EMCS point list - solution
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop list for pressure controlled system.
1 Revision
2 EMCS-point
3 PCS.
4 Component symbol
5 EMCS task
6 Place
7 Range
8 Flow rate
9 pressure absolute
10 p
11 t C
12 material value
13 14 Rltg./Ap.Stutz DN R-KL PN D-KL
PIC103
1
Pressure sensor B103 Controller E/E N1 Relay K1
Measure pressure
F 0...400 mbar
1
proportional controller
C
PI 4..20 mA 0...10 V digital (0)/ analog (1)
1
pre-select pump
S
1
Amplifier A4
transform signal and power
S
0...10 V
P101
1
Pump M1
Control flow rate
F
0...24 V
0...6 l/min
pressure controlled system
EMCS point list - solution
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop list for temperature controlled system.
1 Revision
2 EMCS-point
3 PCS.
4 Component symbol Temperatur sensor B104 Transformer A3 Controller E/E N1 Relay K_E104
5 EMCS task
6 Place
7 Range
8 Flow rate
9 pressure absolute
10 p
11 t C
12 material value
13 14 Rltg./Ap.Stutz DN R-KL PN D-KL
TIC104
1
Measure temperature
F
PT100 80...150 Ohm
-50...+150 C
1
transform signal
S
0...100 C/ 0...10 V PI 4..20 mA 0...10 V 0/24V / Heating ON/OFF 0 l/min / 6 l/min
1
Controller, un-steady 2-point control Heating
C
1
Control heating
S
P101
1
Pump M1
control circulation
F
0 V / 24 V
1
Relay K1
pre-select pump
S
digital (0)/ analog (1)
temperatur controlled system
EMCS point list - solution
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Exercise 2.3.3
Instrument loop diagram for level controlled system.
N1X2.8 PID X2.3 X2.6 X2.2
12
14
K15 6 0...10V U 23 11 22 0...10V I 4...20 mA U
A1 A4U 2 4
0...24 V
14
13
5...300 mm
A2
A1
B102L
M1
M
P101
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop diagram for flow controlled system.
N1X2.7 (UE2) PID X2.3 X2.6 X2.2 (UA1)
12
14
5 (Out)
6 (0V) 0...10V U 23
K111 22 0...10V
A2f 0...1000 Hz 2 (IN+) 4 (IN-) U
A4U 0...24 V
14
13
40...1200 Hz
A2
A1
B102
F
M1
M
P101
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop diagram for pressure controlled system.
N1X2.15 (UE3) PID X2.3 X2.6 X2.2 (UA1)
12
14
K111 23 22 0...10V U
A4U 0...24 V
14
13
0...400 mbar
A2
A1
B103 P
M1
M
P101
Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Instrument loop diagram for temperature controlled system.
N1X2.14 (UE4) X2.3 XMA.2 XMA.11
Out
0V 0...10V U
A3T 0...100 C 1 2 3
XMA.0 VA
XMA.Q1
230V PE L N2 1 14 -50...+150 C
B104 T E10413
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for 3 Analysis
Solution for Worksheet 3.1.1
The task is to calculate the volume of the container and to establish the relationship between volume and level. To calculate the container volume, refer to the data sheet. Here you will find the internal dimensions of the container. If this data is used to calculate the maximum volume, the result is:
Where:
Container height Container width Container depth
h = 300 mm w = 190 mm d = 175 mm
Find:
Volume at level 300 mm or 100 mm
Solution:
19 0mm 175 mm 300 mm = 9.975.000 mm 3 = 9,975 l 10l1dm 3 = 1l Volume when scale reads 100 mm a 3.325 l 1mm a 33mlWhen the scale reads 300 mm, the volume of medium in the container is 10l.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.2.1
The pump is a normally primed centrifugal pump. This type of pump requires an absolutely tight suction pipe that should always be inclined up away from the pump in order to prevent the formation of air pockets. The pump and suction pipe must be filled with medium. The following points must be taken into account during operation: Before operation, the pump must be filled with medium. The pumps must not run dry but a dry-running period of less than 30 minutes will not damage the pump. The pump must always run in the prescribed direction. The pump is suitable for continuous operation. The medium to be pumped should not contain large particles of contaminant.
1.1.1 Where: Find: Solution:
Calculating the rated current
V = 24V
P = 26W
The rated current of the pump
P =V I
I=
P 26W = = 1.083 A V 24V
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.2.2
Exploded drawing of the pump
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Part designation Housing, 20 Rotor disk O-ring Screw Motor bracket Washer Shaft Seal Magnet housing
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.2.3
To determine the delivery rate of the pump, water is pumped from the lower container to the upper container until the level reads 150 mm on the scale. This allows the average flowrate per unit time (volumetric flow) to be determined. The pump capacity is to be calculated with the aid of the volumetric flow and the delivery head. Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Commission the system: fill and vent. Switch on power supply. Close the outlet of the upper container of the level-controlled system. Switch pump ON (with Process Lab, SPS or controller) and start timer. When level of 150 mm on the scale is reached, stop timer. Read off actual scale value (if not exactly 150 mm). Determine and document pumping time and delivery head. Determine average flowrate. Determine pump capacity.
Result
61,5 s
Result of pump speed measurement
135 mm
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Measured values from diagram: Pumping time t F = 61,5s Delivery head hF = 135mm Container width w = 190mm Container depth l = 175mm& Calculation of volumetric flow s V :
3 3 & = V = hF w l = 135mm 190mm 175mm = 4488750mm = 72987.8 mm V t tF 61.5s 61.5s s
mm 3 60 mm 3 l & V = 72987.8 = 4.379.260 = 4.38 min min sThe volumetric flow is the volume flowing through the cross-sectional area per unit time. The capacity of the pump can be calculated with the following formula:
m & P = V g h with g = 9.81 2 sThe system comprises a low and a high container and a pump between them. The maximum delivery head hmax is the distance between the inlet port of the pump and the maximum delivery head in the upper container hoB, less the minimum suction height in the lower container huB in relation to the surface of the profile plate. Distance pump inlet maximum delivery head in the upper container:
h oB = 350mm + 145mm 35mm =460mmMinimum suction height:
h uB = 155mm 35mm = 120mmThe maximum delivery head hmax is:
h max = h oB huB = 460mm 120mm = 340mmThe density of water is
= 1.00
kg kg = 1000.0 3 3 dm m
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
This results in the following calculation for the capacity of the pump:
& P = V g hmax = 72.99 10 3 P = 243.45 10 3 with N = m 3 kg m m s m3 s 2
m3 kg m 1000 3 9.81 2 0.340m s m s
kg m resulting in the unit s2 Nm P = 243.45 10 3 = 243.45 10 3W s
Explanation of the result No general solution for the capacity of the pump can be given as the value varies from system to system. Component tolerances in the pump, the setting of the motor regulator operating characteristic as well as differences in the piping system (curves, pumping head) can result in different delivery rates.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.3.1
What does the term proportional valve mean? The solenoid valves are closed by a spring at zero current. Any current through the solenoid coil results in a state of equilibrium between the spring and the magnetic force. The strength of the solenoid current or the magnetic force determines the stroke of the armature or degree to which the valve is opened. Ideally, dependency between current and opening of the valve should be linear. In other words, the valve opens and closes to a degree proportional to an analog voltage in the range 0 to 10 V.
What electrical signals do you need to use a proportional valve? The electronics of the proportional valve require a supply voltage of 24 VDC.
The valve is opened or closed with a control voltage of 0 to 10 V.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.3.2
What is the maximum rate at which you can pump the medium used through the proportional valve? The throughput capacity of a control valve is to be determined. The maximum flowrate is calculated from the KV value and the pressure drop across the valve: Where: KVS value data sheet Delivery pressure
KVS = 0.33
m3 h
Proportional valve
p = 0.3bar
Pump data sheet
Volume flowrate
l & V = 9 .0 min
Pump data sheet
Find: Maximum flowrate Solution:
p & V = 31.6 KVS
with p = 0.3bar and = 1000
kg m3
& V = 31.6 0.33
0 .3 m 3 1000 h
m3 m3 m3 dm 3 l & V = 0.164 = 164 10 3 = 2.74 10 3 = 2.74 = 2.74 h h min min minThe flowrate determined with Process Lab:
l & V = 2 .3 min
What possibilities are there for adjusting this valve?
You can set the maximum and the minimum flowrate through the valve via the
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
electronics with the aid of potentiometers R1 and R2.
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Solution for Worksheet 3.4.1
Equipment list for the process drive module
Item. Process drive equipment list 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ball cock Reducing sleeve Mounting bracket with cheese-head screws Semi-rotary drive Namur solenoid valve Exhaust-air flow control valve with integrated silencer Quick push-pull elbow Solenoid valve Socket with connecting cable Sensor box with connecting cable
Type " SW9/SW11 ALU Sypar
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 2
7 8 9 10
G1/4
1 1
3-wire 6-wire
1 1
What electrical signals do you need to work with the process drive?
A digital signal for the solenoid valve ( (24V: switch ON, 0V: switch OFF)
Give a brief description of the modules mode of operation..
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
A coil is energized by an electrical signal. This operates the Namur valve magnetically. The semi-rotary drive moves through 90 as the result of the compressed air switched by the valve. This opens or closes the ball cock.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.4.2
What function does the sensor box fulfill? Name the signals you receive from the sensor box and, where appropriate, how you can record these signals. The sensor box delivers three signals 1) a visual signal, red and yellow. Red means Ball clock closed and yellow means Ball cock open.
2) A digital signal to I5 (digital input of the I/O terminal) High means Ball cock closed.
3) A second digital signal to I6 (digital input of the I/O terminal): High means Ball cock open.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.4.3
What type of drive is it? How does it work? It is a semi-rotary drive with a scotch yoke. When the process valve is opened, the pistons move to the end caps. When the process valve is closed, the piston moves toward the shaft. The torque is generated by the scotch yoke. In contrast to rack and pinion drives is not constant throughout the angle of rotation. Benefit: The high breakaway torque of the valve is overcome. The range of motion of the drive is limited to 90 for use with equipment such as ball cocks and butterfly valves.
Function diagram
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.5.1
What are all the things you have to take into account when using the heating element?? The heating element may only be switched on if it is entirely immersed in fluid.
Caution!
The heating element is hot!
Calculate the rated current of the heating element. The following values are to be taken from the data sheet:Where:
Rated voltage: Heat output at rated voltage:
230V 1000 W
Find:
Rated current of the heating element.
Solution:
i = P = 1000 W 4.35 A u 230 V
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.6.1
The sensor characteristic of the ultrasound sensor was recorded with FluidLab-PA. The relationship between the sensor signal and the container level can be derived from the characteristic.
Characteristic of the Siemens ultrasound sensor with FluidLab-PA
Operating range of the Siemens ultrasound sensor, programmed by ADIRO
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.7.2
1.1.2 K factor:
From data sheet
8000 pulses 0 .3 9 .0 l
dm
3
= 8000 pulses
l
Measuring range:
min
1.1.3 For
Calculation
= 40 1 = 40 Hz min sec For 9.0 l 72000 pulses = 1200 1 = 1200 Hz min min sec 0 .3 l min
2400 pulses
Flowrate (l/min) Frequency (1/s)
Durchfluss [l/min]
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 1100 1200 Frequenz [1/s]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.8.1
The analog pressure sensor is a piezoresistive relative pressure sensor with integrated amplifier and built-in temperature compensation in an aluminum housing. The pressure to be measured acts on the piezoresistive element. The resulting signal change is emitted via an integrated amplifier as a voltage at the connector. The maximum output voltage is 10V DC. The output signal can be measured with a voltmeter. The temperature of the medium to be measured must be within a certain range, namely between 25C und 100C. The measuring range is between 0 and 100 mbar or 0 and 400 mbar, depending on the sensor type (see data sheets).
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.8.2
10 V 6
U 42 0 -1 0 20 40 60 mbar 100
PCharacteristic of the pressure sensor 167224
Pressure [mbar] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Voltage [V] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Measured-value table for pressure sensor 167224
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.8.2
Characteristic of pressure sensor BE.EL.0600
Increase the voltage at the pump until the desired pressure value is shown on the manometer.Pressure [mbar] 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Voltage [V] 0 1.25 2.5 4.75 5.0 6.25 7.5 8.75 10 Not possible Not possible Not possible Comment
Measured-value table for pressure sensor BE.EL.0600
Solution for Worksheet 3.9.1
This exercise involves examining the temperature sensor. Pt stands for the material out of which the measuring resistor is made.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Pt: Platinum, Ni: Nickel. 100 stands for the resistance in Ohms, when the measuring resistor has a temperature of 0C. There are also Pt1000 Sensors. Logically, these have a resistance of 1000 Ohm at a reference temperature of 0C. The temperature coefficient of the sensors is uniform at 3850 ppm/K. That means the internal resistance of the sensor changes by 0.385% for each degree change in temperature. Based on these values, the resistance of the Pt100 at 100C can be calculated as follows: Temperature change from
0C to 100C = 100 K 100 K 0.385% = 38.5% K R100 K = 38.5 R100C = R0C + R100 K = 100 + 38.5 = 138.5
The measuring resistor can be measured with an ohmmeter. Solution for Worksheet3.9.2
R/
/C
Temperature [C] Value []
-100.00 60.25
0.00 100.00
100.00 138.50
200.00 175.84
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 3.10
What result do you expect? Measurement 1: Inlet valve open, outlet valve closed, pump running
Level [mm] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 ----0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Time [s] 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
Level [mm] 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56
Time [s]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Inflow characteristic with FluidLab-PA - Inlet valve open, outlet valve closed
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
What result to you expect? Measurement 2: Inlet valve open, outlet valve closed, pump not running
Level [mm] 300 290 280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 0 5 10 15 20 25 31 38 44 50 56 63 69 75 81
Time [s] 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Level [mm] 87 96 104 112 118 130 138 150 162 175 187 200 225 250 -----
Time [s]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Outflow characteristic with FluidLab-PA inlet valve open, outlet valve closed
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
What result to you expect? Measurement 3: Inlet valve open, outlet valve open, pump running
Level [mm] 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 ----0 8 19 30 44 60 77 100 131 168 212 280
Time [s] 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
Level [mm]
Time [s]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Inflow characterstic with FluidLab-PA inlet valve open, outlet valve open
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Bildtexte: Level (mm) 1. Inflow t8s), V2 closed 2. Outflow t(s) 3. Inflow t(s), V2 open
Characteristics for container inflow and outflow
Findings from Measurement 1 The outlet valve V102/V112 is closed. As a result inflow via the inlet valve V101, the increase in the level (h) in the container is steady and linear over time. The greater the inflow, the more quickly the level in the container increases per unit time. If the quantity of water in container B101 were not limited, the amount of water would continue to increase until the container overflowed. There is not self-stabilization here. For this reason, the closed container B102 is an uncompensated controlled system. These uncompensated controlled systems are also termed integral systems (I systems), because the feed quantities add up. The level is thus the sum of all water that flows into the system. The time from empty to full is therefore also called the integration time Ti. Typical integral systems in machine-building are hydraulic cylinders and threaded spindles.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Findings from Measurement 2 The hydrostatic pressure in the water column ensures a reduction of flowrate at the outlet. The lower the water column, the lower the hydrostatic pressure and thus the lower the amount of water outflow. This results in a non-linear characteristic. Example: Electrical engineering: discharge of a capacitor Finding from Measurement 3 Controlled systems with compensation are controlled systems whose characteristic reaches equilibrium after a time. In level-controlled systems, the compensation takes the following physical form. When filling with a constant flowrate (inflow), the pressure of the water column at the bottom of the container is proportional to the level. The pressure at the bottom increases with level. This results in an increase in outflow until equilibrium with the inflow is reached. This results in a constant level that is, it no longer increases. This is called a steady-state end value. Outflow flowrate of water = inflow flowrate Controlled systems with equilibrium are also called PT controlled systems: P because the steady-state value is proportional to the input vale T because the steady-state value is only reached after time T If only container (controlled system) is present, the controlled system is called a PT1 = 1st order controlled system. A controlled system of the 0th order would be a pure P system, for example, a lever: the force is transmitted immediately without any delay.
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for 4 Commissioning
Solution for Worksheet 4.1.1
Are you using close-loop or open-loop control of the level?The level is close-loop controlled..
Is it possible to maintain a constant level manually?It is very difficult to maintain the level accurately.
Pump voltage measured at mean measured valueMean measured value [mm]
Pump voltage [V]
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.1.2
Determining the operating range and operating point of the controlTransducer output signal U [V]
Level h [mm]
Sensor signal I [mA]
Max. measured value
25
Mean measured value
150
5
Min. measured value
300
10
The mean measured value can be taken as the operating point for the dynamic response of the control. The operating point should always be in the linear part of the sensor characteristic. The relationship between the input variable and the output variable that is the actual value and the manipulated variable is determined for the static response of the control when stationary. The manipulated variable should also be in the linear part of the actuator (pump).
Transient response of a level-controlled system (Compact Workstation) static response
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.1.3
A functioning control always comprises at least two elements: a controller and a controlled system. For control tasks it is essential to know which variable in the system is to be controlled. In a level-controlled system, the controlled variable is the level its current status (actual value) is interrogated by a sensor. How does the system respond with the outlet valve closed? The level (actual value) slowly approaches the setpoint. Once the setpoint is reached, the controller ensures that the speed of the pump is reduced as required to maintain the desired level. How does the system respond with the outlet valve open? Opening the outlet valve acts as a disturbance variable. Water is suddenly removed from the container. The level of the container is maintained, however. The pump runs faster (higher RPM) than with the outlet valve closed. Background The controller has the task of controlling the system in such a way that the controlled variable (that is, the level), remains as constant as possible. In the event of a disturbance (sudden removal of water), the controller increases the speed of the pump to pump more water into the container and thus compensate the loss. The controller is informed of a change in level by the signal from the sensor. This signal is termed the actual value.
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Dynamic response setpoint step-change to operating point with PI controller, outlet valve open
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.2.1
It is not possible to maintain a constant flowrate manually.
Solution for Worksheet 4.2.2 Determining the measuring chain of the flow-controlled system with a pump as final control elementFlow-controlled system Pump operating range Flowrate Q [l/min] Signal f [Hz] Flowrate Q [l/min] Sensor
Transducer Flowrate Q [l/min] Signal f [Hz] Flowrate Q [l/min]
MAX
4.3
266
9.0
1200
1000
10.0
7.5
MIN
0.0
0.0
0.4
50
0.0
0.0
0.0
Determining the flowrate characteristic of the pump (light blue = pump voltage, green = flowrate)
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Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Mean value of the operating range of the control system with a pump as the final control elementMean measured value [l/min] Dimensionless value [ 0.0 1.0 ] Pump voltage [V]
2,0
0,35
6,0
Convert the measured value into a dimensionless value in the range [0-0 1.0]. This means that the maximum measurable pressure of 400 mbar would have the value 1.0.
System response for a flow-controlled system with pump at operating point, input voltage jump of 6.0V
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Festo Didactic MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solutions for Workbook MPS PA Compact Workstation
Solution for Worksheet 4.2.3
System response for a setpoint jump of a flow-controlled system with a pump and PI controller
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Solutions for