MPI Webinar J l 30 2009 July 30 , 2009 E Verify · · 2009-12-29Mi i P li I i Migration Policy...

Marc R. RosenblumMi i P li I i Migration Policy Institute

MPI WebinarJ l 30 2009

E Verify:July 30, 2009

E-Verify:Analysis and Recommendations

for Reform

Overview of TalkOverview of Talk

• Background on E-Verify g y

• Analysis of the current system• Analysis of the current system

T t f d ti• Two sets of recommendations• Short-term reforms to existing program• Long term pilot programs for next generation of E Verify• Long-term pilot programs for next generation of E-Verify

• Legislative/regulatory updatewww.migrationpolicy.org

Legislative/regulatory update

Before I BeginBefore I Begin

• Acknowledgmentsg

• The limits of electronic verification• The limits of electronic verification

F i f ti• For more information:• www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/Verification_pap

er-071709.pdf• www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.

cfm?ID=726

Background on E-Verify Background on E-Verify

• Legislative historyg y

• Policy issues• Policy issues

H th t k• How the system works

• Current users


• Legislative historyg y• 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)• 1994 US Commission on Immigration Reform report

1996 Ill l I i ti R f d I i t• 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA)

• 2003 Basic Pilot Program Extension and Expansion Act g p


• Policy issuesy• Specific response to IRCA’s failures

• Document fraud• Discrimination• Discrimination


• Policy issuesy• Specific response to IRCA’s failures• Verification tasks

• A th ti ti f id tit• Authentication of identity • Verification of work authorization


• Policy issuesy• Specific response to IRCA’s failures• Verification tasks

Th l• Three goals• Employer neutrality • Protect privacy and worker rights (US citizens)• Test and evaluate


• How the system works

Source: US Government Accountability Office, GAO-08-895T

Background on E-Verify Background on E-Verify Registered Basic Pilot/E-Verify Employers

160 000

120,000

140,000

160,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

0

20,000

40,000

,

0

Jul-9

9Ja

n-00

Jul-0

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n-01

Jul-0

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n-02

Jul-0

2Ja

n-03

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3Ja

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4Ja

n-05

Jul-0

5Ja

n-06

Jul-0

6Ja

n-07

Jul-0

7Ja

n-08

Jul-0

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n-09

Jul-0

9

Also see: http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=726

Analysis of E-VerifyAnalysis of E-Verify

• Introduction• What E-Verify does well• Limitations of E-Verify• Limitations of E-Verify • Analysis


• Introduction• Data limitations• Scope of planned expansion

Analysis of E-VerifyAnalysis of E-VerifyExisting and Projected E-Verify Users, 1999-2013

7,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000 27-fold increase 1/2006 - 7/2009 is miniscule compared to planned expansion

0

1,000,000

99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

Jul-9

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-0

Jul-1

Jul-1

Jul-1

Jul-1


• Introduction• Data limitations• Scope of planned expansion

L t f t i t !• Lots of uncertainty!


• What E-Verify does welly• Prevents common document fraud• Why this matters


• Limitations of E-Verify y• Identity fraud• Erroneous nonconfirmations

D l d ifi ti• Delayed verification • Employer misuse and abuse


• Limitations: identity fraudy• Why the problem occurs• Scope of the problem

• FTC: 318 000 identity theft complaints• FTC: 318,000 identity theft complaints• Javelin Research and Strategy: 9.9 million cases total• No estimate for E-Verify

• Efforts to correct• Efforts to correct• Projected scope in universal system

• Increased marketI d• Increased access


• Limitations: Erroneous nonconfirmations• Why the problem occurs• Scope of the problem

• Minimum: 0 3%• Minimum: 0.3%• Best guess: about 1%

• Efforts to correct• P j t d i i l t• Projected scope in universal system

• 1% → 600,000 false nonconfirmations per year• Likelihood the error rate could increase, at least initially


• Limitations: delayed responsey p• Why the problem occurs• Scope of the problem

• Average time to tentative nonconfirmation resolution: 39 7 days• Average time to tentative nonconfirmation resolution: 39.7 days• Efforts to correct• Projected scope in universal system


• Limitations: employer misuse and abusep y• Why the problem occurs• Scope of the problem

• Westat self reported data: 9 47%• Westat self-reported data: 9 – 47%• AFSC survey

• Efforts to correct• P j t d i i l t• Projected scope in universal system


• Bottom line• Inherent uncertainty in EEVS

• Authentication of identity • Verification of authorization to workVerification of authorization to work

• E-Verify’s “employer-centric” design exacerbates these problems

• R i t t k• Raises costs to workers• Raises costs to employers

RecommendationsRecommendations

• Short-term improvementsp• Long-term reforms


• Short-term improvementsp• Prevent erroneous nonconfirmations• Prevent employer misuse• Better auditing and oversight for enforcement• Better auditing and oversight for enforcement


• Short-term improvementsp• Prevent erroneous nonconfirmations

• Allow workers to correct own records• Mechanism for appeal and redress for errorsMechanism for appeal and redress for errors


• Short-term improvementsp• Prevent employer misuse

• Education• OversightOversight• Penalties for noncompliance (§274B of INA)


• Short-term improvementsp• Better auditing and oversight for enforcement

• Auditing for misuse/nonuse• Office of database accuracyOffice of database accuracy• Coordination among enforcement agencies• Limited data sharing with IRS/SSA


• Long-term reforms g• Enrollment process• Three options (not mutually exclusive)

• Card based system• Card-based system• PIN self-verification system• Biometric scanning


• Long-term reforms g• Enrollment process

• All workers eventually required to visit USCIS or other government agencygovernment agency

• Accommodate ~ 22 million citizens without documents • Prevent fraudulent enrollments by unauthorized immigrants


• Long-term reforms g• Card-based system

• Overview• Secure card is proof of identity and work authorization p y

• Advantages • Disadvantages



• Overview• AdvantagesAdvantages

• Secure card as alternative to E-Verify • Expectations for cards

• Disadvantages



• Overview• AdvantagesAdvantages • Disadvantages

• No fraud-proof card• Suspicion of cards• Mission creep• Photo cards require user judgment


• Long-term reforms g• PIN pre-verification system

• Overview• Worker’s record locked during enrollmentg• First stage: Worker uses PIN to check in with system; resolves

any data errors and receives confirmation code• Second stage: Worker provides employer with confirmation code;

/employers gets red-light/green-light response• Advantages • Disadvantages




• Prevents ID theft• Prevents false nonconfirmations• Prevents delayed response• Limits employer misuse• Limits privacy threat

• Disadvantages




• Vulnerable to ID sharing• Complexity • Photo sharing relies on judgment


• Long-term reforms g• Biometric scanning

• Overview• Worker provides biometric during enrollment; biometric stored on p g ;

card or in database • Employer must capture biometric again to authenticate identity at

point of hire• Advantages • Disadvantages




• Prevents ID theft and ID sharing• Shifts employer judgment to government

• Disadvantages




• Cost increase • Technological limitations (false nonconfirmations)• Political/philosophical barriers; threat of noncompliance

State of playState of play

• FAR regulationsg• Reauthorization• NEVA (H.R.2028)( )• SAVE (H.R.3308)• Schumer’s principlesSchumer s principles

ConclusionConclusion

• Recall limits of EEVS; burden will fall on US citizens

• Need for comprehensive policy p p y• Likelihood of unintended consequences;

should test multiple programs whileshould test multiple programs while phasing in new mandates

For more information,contact:contact:

Marc R. RosenblumSenior Policy AnalystMigration Policy InstituteMigration Policy Institute

1400 16th StreetWashington D C 20036Washington D.C. 20036

(202) 266-1917(202) [email protected]

MPI Webinar J l 30 2009 July 30 , 2009 E Verify · · 2009-12-29Mi i P li I i Migration Policy...

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