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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Review of Literature

1.4 Sources of Data

1.5 Period of the Stud

1.! "b#ectives of the Stud

1.$ Sco%e of the Stud

1.& 'onstruction of Pre(test

1.) Sam%le Si*e

1.1+ Sam%lin, Desi,n

1.11 Plan of -nalsis

1.12 Limitations of the Stud

1.13 'ha%ter Scheme

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1.1INTRDUCTION

I/ 0 ILL-S PRIS I6DI- 7ILL PRIS 0""8

( 9ahatma andhi.

In this era of ,rowth and develo%ments all nations tr to u%lift themselves to

,lobal standards in all areas. 0he :e areas commonl indentified b most economists

are the societ and transformation. 0he economic indicators are %er cent ca%ital

income ,ross domestic %roduct net domestic %roduct share in world trade forei,n

e;chan,e reserves and the li:e on the social side< drin:in, water reliable electricit

,ood sanitar conditions viable trans%ort sstem and the li:e are ,iven due

im%ortance. 9illions of %eo%le in our countr dream that India will become an

economic su%er %ower in 2+2+.

India is a land of villa,es and her econom continues even toda to be mainl a

rural oriented one. Rural develo%ment is the main %illar of each nation=s develo%ment.

In s%ite of ra%id urbani*ation a lar,e section of Indian %o%ulation still lives in the

villa,es1.

m%owerin, women is reco,ni*ed as an im%ortant end in itself as well as a

:e to im%rovin, the >ualit of life of ever one. 7ithout full and e>ual %artici%ation

of women there can be no sustainable human develo%ment.

In the words of 'rowther m%owerment means to ,ive somebod the %ower

or authorit to act8. 7omen em%owerment means an all(round develo%ment which

11.asanth Desai. Rural Development in Inia! Pa"t! Pre"ent an Future # A C$allen%e in Cri"e"

imalaa Publishin, ouse 9umbai 2++5 %.3

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includes their %hsical socio(economic and %olitical develo%ment&. In s%ite of various

constitutional safe,uards and le,islative measures as well as a number of %ro,rammes

and %olicies initiated b the ,overnment for the betterment women no si,nificant

develo%ment has ta:en %lace in the socio(economic conditions of women and the are

still la,,in, behind men in their %artici%ation in the %rocess of develo%ment. 7ithout

the full and e>ual %artici%ation of women there can be no sustainable human

develo%ment.

Statu" o' (omen in Inia

ven after si;t five ears of Indian inde%endence women are still one of the

most %owerless and mar,inali*ed section of the societ. 0he are not onl considered

the wea:er se; but in fact the disem%owered section of the societ. - number of

social economic and %olitical indicators su%%ort this fact and some of these areual

o%%ortunities for women in social economic and %olitical %rocess of rural

develo%ment. 0he declaration of International 7omen=s ear ?1)$5A and the decade of

women ?1)$!(1)&5A b the nited 6ations hel%ed to hi,hli,ht the crucial issues of

women and the need for their em%owerment.

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Durin, the first %art of 2+thcentur it was believed that industrial revolution

would eradicate %overt and lead to moderni*ation and economic develo%ment. ut

the benefits of develo%ment did not reach women and the develo%ment %lans failed to

consider their welfare. 0he second %art has witnessed ma#or im%rovements in

women=s health and education but the %ro,ress has been slow and uneven. India is no

e;ce%tion to this. 0he declinin, se; ration female wor: %artici%ation rate and the li:e

reveal the %oor status of Indian women. -fter inde%endence the ,overnment of India

too: numerous measures to ensure ,ender e>ualit. Different %lans and %olicies as

well as the constitution have laid stress on women em%owerment. 0he women=s

em%owerment ear was launched in 2++1 with the conviction that em%owered women

constitute a nation=s stren,th.

m%owerment %rovides le,itimac and social #ustice for human develo%ment.

m%owerment of women means creatin, economic inde%endence self reliance

%olitical social and le,al awareness self confidence and %ositive attitude amon,

women. It enables women to face an situation and to %artici%ate in the develo%ment

activities of the nation.

0he conce%t of em%loment has assumed a uni>ue role in this conte;t. 0hrou,h

nearl half of Indian %o%ulation consists of women their %artici%ation rate in the

economic activities is onl 34 %er cent. Durin, the 1)$+s efforts to %romote self

em%loment amon, women started receivin, ,reater attention from the ,overnment

and %rivate a,encies. 0he result has been the emer,ence of women entre%reneurs on

the economic scene in recent ears. ven then less than 5 %er cent of business units

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are owned and o%erated b them. Several studies have shown that women have %roved

to be ,ood at business. If more women are motivated and ,iven necessar %ower and

hel% to become entre%reneurs the can contribute effectivel in runnin, viable

business enter%rises. ence S is ver im%ortant for the em%owerment of women.

ence an attem%t has been made to e;amine the role of S in em%owerin, the

women of Govil%atti loc:.

1.&RE/IE( OF ,ITERATURE

9an researchers donor a,encies im%lementin, a,encies have conducted

several studies evolutions im%act studies and assessment on Ss and their

federations. -nd it is not to %ossible to %resent a com%rehensive review of all the

research done so far. owever a brief overview of some of the studies conducted and

%ublished in the %ast is ,iven below.

In an article entitled 7omen=s Self el% rou% for alleviatin, Povert8 b

-.-bdul Raheem su,,ested various models for formin, Self el% rou%s.

- %a%er on Self el% rou%s 9ovement for 7omen em%owerment8 b

.Se:ar and G.Senthil adivoo %ointed out the im%ortance of S in em%owerin,

women.

-n article titled 9icro /inance throu,h Self(el%8 9.Servachandra

hi,hli,hted the need for micro finance and the e;tension of same throu,h Self el%

rou%.

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- stud on Self el% rou% in Dindi,ul District8 carried out b

-.en:atachalam and -.Hea%ra:ash enli,htened the %erformance of S in

Dindi,ul District.

In an article ca%tioned conomic m%owerment of 7omen throu,h Self el%

rou%=s8 b . Gala stressed on the role of S in economic em%owerment.

- %a%er on 7omen m%owerment Success throu,h Self(el% rou%s8 b

elu Suresh Gumar %ointed out the e;tent of em%owerment of women throu,h Self

el% rou%.

-n em%irical stud titled Self el% rou%s(emer,in, Rural nter%rise8 b

S.Gama Ra#u %uts li,ht on the role of S in enter%risin, activities in alan,iman

illa,e of 0an#ore District.

In Indian an:er #ournal an article named 9icro(credit or Self el%

rou%s in India mer,in, Issues and 'hallen,es8 b D.Ramani enli,htened the

conce%t of micro credit ,rowth and si,nificance of micro credit and Self el%

rou%s.

In I- ulletin 9icro /inance C - Panacea for Rural an:ers8 an article of

6.Haa Seelan hi,hli,hted the o%erational criteria of Self el% rou%s.

-n article titled Self el% rou%s an: Lin:a,e Pro,ramme8 b

S.0hirumaran and R.Gasilin,am %ointed out that the Self el% rou%s avail the

re>uired financial assistance for their entre%reneurial activities.

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i::ram G. Pattanai: in their article m%owerment of 7omen and Rural

Develo%ment8 Published in Bo#ana has %ointed out women=s %artici%ation in wor:

education and %olitical activities.

0.R.urumoorth in his article Self el% rou% m%ower Rural 7omen8

%ublished in Gurushetra has discussed the em%owerin, of women to ,ear social

develo%ment.

Hea -nand in her article 9icro C finance in Gerala8 studies the communit

develo%ment of women and the societ model form of the %oor women of -la%%a*ha.

'.Grishna 9ohan Rao and .. ala Grishna in their article m%owerment

of 7omen throu,h Literac8 Published in Guru:shetra have %ointed out im%ortance

of education to %oor women.

RESEARCH -ETHODO,OGY

1.0 SOURCES OF DATA

0he data re>uired for the stud have been collected from both %rimar and

secondar sources.

Primar* Data

0he %rimar data have been collected throu,h a well desi,ned interview

schedule. Interview schedule have been constructed :ee%in, in view of ob#ectives of

the stud.

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Seonar* Data

0he Secondar data have been collected from boo:s #ournals news%a%ers

ma,a*ines trainin, materials of 6--RD and 6"s and Internet.

1.2 PERIOD OF THE STUDY

0he stud covers a %eriod of ten ears from 2++2(2++3 to 2+11(2+12.

1.3 O4ECTI/ES OF THE STUDY

1. 0o stud the %rofile of members and women Self el% rou%s

2. 0o analses the o%inion of members towards loan and trainin,.

3. 0o identif the %roblems faced b these Self el% rou%s.

4. 0o stud the women em%owerment throu,h Self el% rou%s.

5. 0o offer su,,estions based on findin,s of the stud.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

0he %resent stud attem%ts to e;amine the socio(economic em%owerment of

the Ss on the reci%ients. It ins%ects how far the %ro,ramme has hel%ed in raisin,

the income s and levels of livin, of the rural %oor women and in enablin, them to

u%lift their lifestle. 0his stud will also hel% to understand the factors which

influence the women to become a member of the S.

1.6 CONSTRUCTION OF PRE7TEST

/or the %ur%ose of surve a %re(test was conducted amon, 15 members from

15 Self el% rou%s to anal*e the effectiveness of the interview schedule the

interview schedule was modified on the basis of the %re(test and data were collected

from 15+ women members.

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1.8 SA-P,E SI9E

Primar data have been collected b conductin, interview amon, 15+ members

in Govil%atti loc:.

1.1: SA-P,ING DESIGN

In Govil%atti loc: the total numbers of Ss are 1&)+. /or the %ur%ose of

surve & %er cent of the sam%les were selected and convenient sam%lin, method was

ado%ted.

1.11 P,AN OF ANA,YSIS

Statistical tools li:e %ercenta,e arret=s ran:in, techni>ue and wei,hted

avera,e have been used to anal*e the data.

Garrett;" Ranue was used. -s %er this method res%ondents have been

as:ed to assi,n the ran: for all factors and the outcomes of such ran:in, have been

converted into score value with the hel% of the followin, formulaJ

Percent Position K

7here

Ri# K Ran: ,iven for the ith variable b the #th res%ondents.

6# K 6umber of variable ran:ed b the #th res%ondents.

7ith the hel% of arrett=s 0able the %ercent %osition estimated is converted into

scores. 0hen for each factor the scores of each individual are added and then total

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value of scores and mean value of score is calculated. 0he factors havin, hi,hest

mean value is considered to be the most im%ortant factor.

(ei%$te Avera%e -et$o

-n avera,e in which each >uantit to be avera,ed is assi,ned a wei,ht. 0hese

wei,htin,s determine the relative im%ortance of each >uantit on the avera,e.

7ei,htin,s are the e>uivalent of havin, that man li:e items with the same value

involved in the avera,e.

7ei,hted avera,e is an im%ortant conce%t in descri%tive statistics and

mathematics. 0he term wei,hted avera,e usuall refers to a wei,hted arithmetic

mean. /ormulaualit to reali*e their

%otentialit and self(belief.

3. -ssistin, the members to com%lete the formalities and documentation re>uired

to obtain credit from ban:.

4. el%in, ban:s in the recover of credit b motivatin, members for %rom%t

re%ament of loans.

5. Procurement of hi,h cost in%uts that could not be bou,ht individuall.

!. 0rainin, of members in the use of e;tension services and overnment su%%ort.

$. uildin, common infrastructure for the benefit of its members.

&. Settin, viable norms for interest rates re%ament schedule ,estation %eriod

e;tension writin, off bad debts and so on.

&.3 TARGET GROUP FOR SHG"

0he 0ar,et ,rou% for S would broadl com%rise the followin,J

1. Smaller and mar,inal farmers.

2. Landless a,ricultural and non C a,ricultural laborers.

3. -rtisans and craftsmen.

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4. Persons en,a,ed in small business li:e vendin, and haw:in,.

5. Persons below the %overt line that is with annual famil income not e;ceedin,

Rs.1! 14+.

&.5 FOR-ATION OF SHG"

0here are different %rocesses involved in the formation of Ss. 0he are as

followsJ

?i@ S$ort ,i"tin% t$e Potential /illa%e"

In the %rocess of formation the followin, criteria are followed for short listin,

the %otential villa,es.

a. Remoteness of illa,e.

b. Lac: of infrastructure facilities li:e electricit roads drin:in, water and the

li:e.

c. Low literac rate the hi,h mortalit rate.

d. amlets with less than 1++ families.

e. ;istence of 9one Lenders

f. Smaller Land C holdin,s

?ii@Ienti'*in% t$e Poore"t o' t$e Poor

0he %rocess of identifin, the %oorest of the %oor involves three ste%s such as

villa,e ma%%in, wealth ran:in, and sharin, information with the villa,ers. 0he

villa,e ma%s are drawn with the hel% of the villa,e %eo%le mainl to understand the

environment and dnamics of villa,es. It hel%s to understand the number of families

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livin, in the villa,e and to initiate a dialo,ue for intervention. In the wealth ran:in,

%rocess the families selected in the %otential villa,es are cate,ori*ed as the %oorest of

the %oor the moderate and the rich families. 0his is made mainl to identif the

%oorest of the %oor families for ,rou% formation. Lastl the conce%t of S is shared

with the %oorest of the %oor of the villa,e to ,et their a%%roval and authenticit.

?iii@Formation o' Group

In this sta,e the ste%s are initiated to name the ,rou%s and frame norms and

o%erational ,uidelines relatin, to the ,rou%s functionin, savin, and lendin,. esides

,rou%s are assisted for selection of office bears in this sta,e.

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ii. Sim%le accountin, sstem and necessar boo:s are o%ened and maintained

from the first da itself.

iii. -wareness of the norms of the ,rou%s amon, all members is created.

iv. 0rainin, is im%arted to the office bearers re,ardin, the accounts of the ,rou%.

&.6 STRUCTURE OF SHG

0he vision of 0amilnadu 7omen Develo%ment 'or%oration is to

m%owerment one million women in 0amilnadu with s%ecial em%hasis on the %oorest

women. Social m%owerment economics em%owerment and ca%acit buildin, are the

mission of the 9ahalir 0hittam. 0he Ss are su%%orted b the followin, structure.

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/i,ure 2.1

0he 0amilnadu 'or%oration Limited for Develo%ment of 7omen has its ead

Muarters in 'hennai. It has two units namel %ro#ect mana,ement unit and %ro#ect

im%lementation unit.

30

S C - 67 7"96=S 9"960

Institutional Collective

Action

Ideology Organiational !tructure

Collection Action o"

#e$%ers &$'o(er$ent

)a$ilnadu Cor'oration

"or *evelo'$ent o"

,ro-ect #anage$ent

,ro-ect I$'le$entation

nit

/ongovern$ental

Organiation

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Pro#ect im%lementation unit is located in the District ead Muarters. 0he

%ro#ect will also brin, about conver,ence of schemes and inte,ration of services of

different de%artments.

&.8 SHG" IN INDIA

"ur 'ountr has a tradition of mobili*in, thrift which in turn meets the credit

needs of the rural %eo%le. -t the time of inde%endence the coo%erative sector was

%lain, a leadin, role in meetin, the credit re>uirements of the rural %eo%le. -fter

inde%endence %rovision of institutional finance to the wea:er section was ,iven

considerable im%ortance. -s a matter of fact economic em%owerment of the wea:er

sections was one of the main reasons for nationali*ation of commercial ban:s in 1)!).

Subse>uentl the commercial ban:s and re,ional rural ban:s have %laed an

im%ortant role in the im%lementation of various credit lin:ed schemes li:e inte,rated

Rural Develo%ment the Prime 9inister Ro*,ar Ba#ana and so on.

Rural develo%ment is a multifaceted %henomenon on which rests the alram

#a:har who occu%ied the im%ortant office of the s%ea:er in the %arliament and who is

an a,riculturists himself has received the various %lans in this re,ards and has

indicated his stron, commitment towards evaluation of a national commitment

transcendin, %art and %olitical line for the u%liftment of the rural sector8 ?Sin,h and

Ponde 1))&A.

0he nion Rural Develo%ment 9inister Hairam Ramesh said since ince%tion

the number of Ss formed is a%%ro;imatel 3+ la:h and out of an estimated )+!5$

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federations in the countr !)!)2 are in the southern India states of -ndhra Pradesh

Garnata:a Gerala and 0amilnadu.

TaBle &.1

NumBer o' Sel' Help Group" in Inia

S .No. Year No. of. SHGs Increase/Decreas

e

Rate of Growth

1 2++2(+3 4!34$& ( (

2 2++3(+4 $1$3!+ 253&&2 54.$&

3 2++4(+5 1+$)))1 3!2!31 5+.554 2++5(+! 1!1&4$! 53&4&5 4).&!

5 2++!(+$ 223&5!5 !2++&) 3&.31

! 2++$(+& 2)24)$3 !&!4+& 3+.!!

$ 2++&(+) 35451!2 !2+1&) 21.2+

& 2++)(2+1+ 3)&$!54 4424)2 12.4+

) 2+1+(2+11 433221+ 34455! &.!4

1+ 2+11(2+12 45&!$13 2545+3 5.&$

SourceJ 6--RD website Guru:shetra /ebruar 2+12.

It is understood from 0able 2.1 that the total number of Self el% rou%s in

India which was 4!34$& in 2++2 ( +3 had steadil increased to 45&!$13 in 2+11(12.

0he ,rowth rate of Self el% rou%s in India shows a fluctuatin, trend ran,in,

between 54.$& in 2++3(+4 and 5+.55 %er cent in 2++4(+5.

&.1: SHG" IN TA-I,NADU

0amilnadu forestation %ro#ect has ta:en note of this new tool in rural

develo%ment and has encoura,ed formation of Self el% rou%s in all villa,es in 5

ears that is 1))$(2++2. Self el% rou%s mainl hel% women to or,ani*e themselves

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in collective endeavour and ,enerate income. 0he also ma:e them aware of the

im%ortance of thrift and small savin,s which is a boon to them in times of need.

7omen have enthusiasticall enrolled themselves in Self el% rou%s. Raisin,

nurseries tailorin, coir ro%e ma:in, food %rocessin, and the li:e are some of the

activities done b the Self el% rou%s.

- tie u% has been arran,ed with the 0amilnadu women Develo%ment

'or%oration to lin: 9ahalir 0hittam ?90A in the %ro,ramme villa,es. 0he %ro,ramme

officers in each district hel% the Ss in their activities. 6"s have contributed

immensel to the motivation mobili*ation trainin, and mar:etin,. 0he number of

Self el% rou%s functionin, in the %ro#ect and the members in Ss are as seen in

the followin, 0able 2.2.

TA,E &.&

NumBer o' Sel' Help Group" in Tamilnau

S .No. Year No .of. SHGs Increase/Decreas

e

Rate of Growth

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1 2++2(+3 2)) ( (

2 2++3(+4 4)+ 1)1 !3.&&

3 2++4(+5 523 33 !.$3

4 2++5(+! 5&! !3 12.+4

5 2++!(+$ !23 3$ !.31

! 2++$(+& $1+ &$ 13.)!

$ 2++&(+) $)2 &2 11.5

& 2++)(1+ &!3 $1 &.)!

) 2+1+(11 1+21 15& 1&.31

1+ 2+11(12 11+3 &2 &.+3

SourceJ www.n,o.com

It is understood from 0able 2.2 that the total number of Ss in 0amilnadu

which was 2)) in 2++2(2++3 has increased to 11+3 in 2+11(12. 0he ,rowth rates of

Ss in 0amilnadu show a fluctuatin, trend ran,in, between C !3.&& %er cent in

2++3(+4 and !.$3 %er cent in 2++4(+5.0he ,rowth rates of Ss in 0amilnadu shows

a fluctuatin, trend.

0here are twelve loc:s in 0uticorin District. Govil%atti bloc: is one amon,

the 0welve loc:s in 0uticorin District. 0he 0amilnadu 'or%oration for Develo%ment

of 7omen Limited ?06'D7A and eleven 6"s are im%lementin, 9ahalir 0hittam

throu,h %ro#ect im%lement unit in 0uticorin District. In Govil%atti bloc: the total

numbers of Ss are 1&)+.

&.11 ACTI/ITIES OF (O-EN SHG" IN THE O/I,PATTI ,OC

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?i@ Eonomi Upli'tment

Initiall the ,rou% save Rs. 1+ to 2+ %er wee: %er member and remitted the

same in the res%ective ban: in their savin,s ban: account. 7hen the need arises the

draw and disburse the same amon, them as san,ha loan to meet their domestic

necessities. 0he %rinci%al amount with a nominal interest at 2 %er cent %er month will

be re%aid within 5 to 1+ installments. 0hese recurrin, ccles enlar,e the ,rou% after

si; months< the S will be rated on the basis of 14 %arameters li:e wee:l meetin,

savin, efficient internal lendin, boo: :ee%in, and social activities and so on. 0hen

the eli,ible S would be referred to District Rural Develo%ment -,enc ?DRD-A

for the sanction of SSB revolvin, fund of Rs. 25+++. 0hus within a %eriod of 15 to

1& months an effective S will be rotatin, a fund not less than Rs.35+++. 0hen the

Ss become eli,ible of economic activit to ,et subsid loan of Rs. "ne la:h to

three la:hs with a ma;imum subsid of Rs. 1.25 la:hs.

ii@ Capait* uilin%

0he %ro#ect im%lementation unit of this district is im%artin, several trainin,s

li:e S members trainin, animators trainin, DP trainin, s:ill trainin, and so on.

9oreover this unit also creates social awareness towards ca%acit buildin, of women.

?iii@ Soial Development

0he women=s attitude towards societ is ,raduall sha%ed to have an outloo:

with %ublic well(bein,s. 0he Ss en,a,e themselves in mass cleanin, of streets and

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tem%les voluntaril %artici%atin, in social activities li:e health nutrition ee cam%

aids awareness cam% and so on. 0he %artici%ate in the activities of local %anchaat.

0he contact ban: officials 6"s and officials of various de%artments without an

hesitation.

?iv@A$ieve t$e /i"ion

/or achievin, the vision of Ss the financial assistance has been %rovided to

underta:e the activities li:e ,oat rearin, ve,etable cultivation ma:in, match bo;

candle ma:in, and so on.

CHAPTER III

PROFI,E OF -E-ERS AND GROUPS

3.1 Introduction

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3.2 -,e(wise 'lassification of 9embers

3.3 9arital Status of the 9embers

3.4 ducational Mualification of the 9embers

3.5 'lassification of the 9embers of S on the asic of their "ccu%ation

3.! "n the asis of their Location

3.$ 6ature of -ctivities done b Ss

3.& /actors 9otivatin, to ecome 9embers of S

3.) Problems /aced b the 9embers to ecome 9embers in the S

3.1+ 0%es of Problems /aced b the 9embers

311 Partici%ation of /amil 9embers

3.12 9aintenance of -ccounts

3.13 Res%ondents "%inion of Submission of -ccount Statements

3.14 /re>uenc of 'ollection of Savin,s

3.15 -mount of 9onthl Savin,s

3.1! an:ers of Ss

3.1$ /re>uenc of Subscri%tion

3.1& -mount of Subscri%tion

3.1) "%inion of Social 7elfare Pro,rammes of Ss

3.2+ 0%es of Social 7elfare Pro,rammes

3.21 "%inion of 9embers about the enefits Received from Ss

3.22 0%e of enefits

3.23 "%inion on Problems faced b the 9embers of Ss

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3.24 6ature of Problems

3.25 -ttitude of 9embers Re,ardin, the Performance of Ss

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=.1 INTRODUCTION

S is a voluntar form of or,ani*ation. It admits an woman to become

member. It does not show an discrimination li:e caste race reli,ion and so on. 0he

members of S should be the residents of the %articular area. -t the same time the

members should be above 1& ears of a,e. 0he attend the meetin,s %ro%erl.

In this cha%ter an attem%t has been made to stud the socioeconomic conditions

of the members and the ,rou%s.

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=.& AGE7(ISE C,ASSIFICATION OF -E-ERS

-,e is one of the criteria to become a member in S. 0he distribution of

sam%le res%ondents on the basis of a,e is %resented in 0able 1.

TA,E(1

A%e7+i"e Cla""i'iation o' -emBer"

S. 6o. -,e 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

4

elow 25 Bears

2!(35 Bears

3!(45 Bears

-bove 45 Bears

0otal

13

31

!2

44

&.!$

2+.!$

41.33

2).33

15+ 1++.++

SourceJ Primar Data.

It is observed from the 0able 1 that &.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents are below

25 ears of a,e and those who are from 2!(35 ears amount to 2+.!$ %er cent. 0he

res%ondents who are in the a,e ,rou% of 3!(45 ears and above 45 ears amount to

41.33 %er cent and 2).33 %er cent res%ectivel.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?41.33@A are in the a,e ,rou% of 3!(45 ears.

=.= -ARITA, STATUS OF THE -E-ERS

40


41/118

0he surve has been ta:en from both the married and un(married women.

0able 2 reveals the classification of the res%ondents accordin, to their marital status.

TA,E ( &

-arital Statu" o' t$e -emBer"

S. 6o. Status 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

9arried

n(married

0otal

13+

2+

&!.!$

13.33

15+ 1++.++


It is inferred from 0able 2 that &!.!$ %er cent of res%ondents are married and

13.33 %er cent of res%ondents are un(married.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?&!.!$@A are married.

=.0 EDUCATIONA, UA,IFICATION OF THE -E-ERS

0able 3 de%icts the educational >ualification of the members of S.

41


42/118

TA,E (=

Euational uali'iation o' t$e -emBer"

S. 6o. Level of ducation 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

4

Primar Level

Secondar Level

De,ree Level

Di%loma

0otal

)3

31

13

13

!2.++

2+.!!

&.!$

&.!$

15+ 1++.++


0able 3 elucidates that !2 %er cent of the res%ondents have studied u%to

%rimar level and 2+.!! %er cent have studied u%to secondar level. 0hose who are

,raduates and who are di%loma holders amount to &.!$ %er cent each.

It is concluded that more than three(fifth ?!2@A of the members are educated

u%to %rimar level.

=.2 C,ASSIFICATION OF THE -E-ERS OF SHG ON THE ASIS OF

THEIR OCCUPATION

0he women fol: of this bloc: are a,riculturists collies house wives and so on.

"ccu%ation(wise classification of the res%ondents of the S is ,iven in 0able 4.

42


43/118

TA,E ( 0

Oupation7+i"e Cla""i'iation o' t$e -emBer"

S. 6o. "ccu%ation 6o. of

Res%ondents

Percenta,e

?@A

1

2

3

4

-,riculture and -llied 7or:

'oolie

ouse 7ife

usiness

0otal

!)

44

25

12

4!.++

2).33

1!.!$

&.++

15+ 1++.++


It is seen from 0able 4 that a,riculture is the occu%ation of 4! %er cent of the

res%ondents 2).33 %er cent are collies 1!.!$ %er cent are house wives and & %er cent

of the res%ondents are doin, business.

9ore than two(fifth of the res%ondent=s occu%ation is a,riculture and allied

wor:.

=.3 ON THE ASIS OF THEIR ,OCATION

43


44/118

0he researcher interviewed the members of Self el% rou%s belon,in, to

different %arts of the stud area and the followin, 0able 5 shows the classification of

Ss on the basis of their location.

TA,E ( 2

Cla""i'iation o' SHG" on t$e a"i" o' it" ,oation

S. 6o. -rea 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

9unici%al -rea

Panchaat -rea

0otal

25

125

1!.!$

&3.33

15+ 1++.++

SourceJ Primar Data

0able 5 reveals that 1!.!$ %er cent of the members are in the 9unici%al area

and the remainin, &3.33 %er cent of the members are in the Panchaat -rea.

It is ,ratified to note that most of them Ss ?&3.3@A are in Panchaat -rea.

44


45/118

=.5 NATURE OF ACTI/ITIES DONE Y SHGS

0able ! shows the :ind of activities done b Ss.

TA,E (3

Nature o' Ativitie" Done B* SHG"

S. 6o. -ctivities 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

Production "riented

Service "riented

-,riculture "riented

0otal

3&

1&

)4

25.33

12.++

!2.!$

15+ 1++.++

SourceJ Primar Data

It is inferred from 0able ! that 25.33 %er cent of the Ss activit is

%roduction oriented 12.++ %er cent of the Ss are doin, services and !2.!$ %er cent

of the Ss are doin, a,riculture oriented activities.

9a#orit of the Ss ?!2.!$@A are involved in a,riculture oriented activities.

=.6 FACTORS -OTI/ATING TO ECO-E -E-ERS OF SHG

45


46/118

0able $ reveals of factors motivatin, the members to #oin S.

TA,E ( 5

FACTORS -OTI/ATING -E-ERS

S. 6o. /actors 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

6"=s

an:s

Ins%iration from "ther

9embers0otal

44

1)

&$

2).33

12.!$

5&.++

15+ 1++.++


It is clear from 0able $ that 2).33 %er cent are motivated b 6"=s 12.!$ %er

cent are motivated b ban:s and 5& %er cent are motivated throu,h ins%iration from

other members.

9a#orit of the members ?5&@A are motivated throu,h ins%iration from other

members.

=.8 PRO,E-S FACED Y THE -E-ERS TO ECO-E -E-ER IN

THE SHG

46


47/118

0able & shows the %roblems faced b the members to become a member of the

S.

TA,E ( 6

ProBlem" Fae B* t$e -emBer" to Beome a -emBer in t$e SHG

S. 6o. "%inion 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

Bes

6o

0otal

1$

133

11.33

&&.!$

15+ 1++.++


It is inferred from 0able & that 11.33 %er cent of the res%ondents are facin,

%roblems to become a member in the S and &&.!$ %er cent are not facin, an

%roblem.

9ore than four(fifth of the res%ondents are not facin, an %roblem to become a

member in the S.

=.1: TYPES OF PRO,E-S FACED Y THE -E-ERS

0able ) shows the t%es of %roblems faced b the members

47


48/118

TA,E ( 8

T*pe" o' ProBlem" Fae t$e * t$e -emBer"

S. 6o. 0%es of Problems 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

Demandin, 9ore 9one

9ore Rules and

Re,ulations

rou% Domination

0otal

!

5

!

35.2)

2).42

35.2)

1$ 1++.++


0able ) reveals that demandin, more mone b ,rou% is the %roblem for 35.2)

%er cent of the res%ondents more rules and re,ulations and ,rou% domination are the

%roblem for 2).42 %er cent and 35.2) %er cent res%ectivel.

Problem of demandin, more mone and rou% domination are the ma#or

%roblems faced b the members.

=.11 PARTICIPATION OF FA-I,Y -E-ERS

0able 1+ shows the details of %artici%ation of famil members in the ,rou%.

48


49/118

TA,E ( 1:

Detail" o' Famil* -emBer" Partiipation

S. 6o. Partici%ation 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

Bes

6o

0otal

!+

)+

4+

!+

15+ 1++


0able 1+ reveals that 4+ %er cent of res%ondents= famil members have

%artici%ated in the ,rou% activities and !+ %er cent of the res%ondents= famil

members have not %artici%ated in the ,rou% activities.

-ccordin, to the ma#orit of the members ?!+@A their famil members have

not %artici%ated in the activities of the Ss.

=.1& -AINTENANCE OF ACCOUNTS

rou% leaders have to maintain the accounts %ro%erl. 0he accounts of the

Ss are also audited. 0able 11 %ortras the o%inion of res%ondents re,ardin, the

maintenance of accounts b the ,rou% leader.

49


50/118

TA,E ( 11

Opinion o' Re"ponent" Re%arin% -aintenane o' Aount"


1

2

Bes

6o

0otal

131

1)

&$.33

12.!$

15+ 1++.++


0able 11 shows that out of 15+ res%ondents &$.33 %er cent of them feel that the

,rou% accounts are maintained %ro%erl and onl 12.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents

feel that the accounts are not maintained %ro%erl.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?&$.33@A feel that the ,rou% accounts are

maintained %ro%erl b the ,rou% leader.

=.1= RESPONDENTS OPINION ON SU-ISSION OF ACCOUNT

STATE-ENTS

rou% leaders have to discuss the details of account in the meetin, and

accounts are submitted to all members. 0able 12 shows the o%inion of res%ondents on

submission of accounts statements.

50


51/118

TA,E ( 1&

Opinion o' Re"ponent" on SuBmi""ion o' Aount" Statement"


1

2

Bes

6o

0otal

131

1)

&$.33

12.!$

15+ 1++.++


0able 12 reveals that &$.33 %er cent res%ondents feel that the accounts are

%eriodicall submitted to all members and remainin, 12.!$ %er cent feel that the

account statement are not %ro%erl submitted.

9a#orit of the res%ondents feel that the accounts statements are %ro%erl

submitted to the members.

=.10 FREUENCY OF CO,,ECTION OF SA/INGS

0he basic functions of the Ss are to collect contributions from their ,rou%

members towards the ,rou% fund. 0he are encoura,ed to ado%t micro savin,s sstem.

0able 13 shows the fre>uenc of collection of savin,s.

TA,E 71=

Fre)uen* o' Colletion o' Savin%"

51


52/118

S. 6o. /re>uenc 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

ver wee:

/ortni,htl

0hen and 0here

0otal

112

2+

1&

$4.!$

13.33

12.++

15+ 1++.++


0able 13 reveals that $4.!$ %er cent of the Ss collect the savin,s amount

Ever 7ee:= 13.33 %er cent E/ortni,htl= and remainin, 12 %er cent collect the

amount Ethen and there= basis.

It is inferred that $4.!$ %ercent of the Ss collectin, savin,s amount ever

wee:.

=.12 A-OUNT OF -ONTH,Y SA/INGS

0able 14 shows the amount of monthl savin,s of the Ss.

TA,E 710

Amount o' -ont$l* Savin%"

S. 6o. 9onthl Savin,s 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

Less than Rs.2+++

Rs.2+++(3+++

0otal

132

1&

&&.++

12.++

15+ 1++.++


52


53/118

It is inferred from 0able 14 that && %er cent of the res%ondents= amount of

monthl savin,s is less than 2+++ and remainin, 12 %ercent of the res%ondents=

amount of monthl savin,s is from Rs.2+++ to Rs.3+++.

9a#orit of the res%ondents= monthl savin,s %er ,rou% for a month is less than

Rs. 2+++.

=.13 ANERS OF SHG"

0able 15 shows the details of ban:ers of Ss.

TA,E ( 12

Detail" o' an


54/118

0otal 15+ 1++.++


It is inferred from 0able 15 that co(o%erative ban: is the ban:ers to the Ss

for !3.33 %er cent of the Ss. Pandian rama an: and 6ationalised an:s are the

ban:ers to 24.!$ %er cent and 12 %er cent of the Ss res%ectivel.

9ore than three(fifth of the Ss %referred co(o%erative ban:s as their

ban:ers.

54


55/118

=.15 FREUENCY OF SUSCRIPTION

0he collection of fre>uent subscri%tion is a :e determinant in increasin, the

savin,s. 0able 1! shows the res%ondents o%inion about the fre>uenc of the

subscri%tion.

TA,E ( 13

Fre)uen* o' SuB"ription

S. 6o. /re>uenc 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

7ee:l

/ortni,htl

9onthl

0otal

22

1&

11+

14.!$

12.++

$3.33

15+ 1++.++


It is inferred from 0able 1! that 14.!$ %er cent of the Ss collect

subscri%tion wee:l 12 %er cent fortni,htl and $3.33 %er cent of the Ss collect

subscri%tion monthl.

9a#orit of the Ss collect subscri%tion amount monthl from their

members.

=.16 A-OUNT OF SUSCRIPTION

55


56/118

-mount of subscri%tion varies from one ,rou% to another ,rou%. 0able 1$

reveals the amount of monthl subscri%tion collected from their members.

TA,E ( 15

Amount o' -ont$l* SuB"ription

S. 6o. Subscri%tion Per

an:

6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

elow Rs.4+

Rs.41(Rs.5+

9ore than 5+

0otal

1&

35

)$

12.++

23.33

!4.!$

15+ 1++.++


It is inferred from 0able 1$ accordin, to the 12 %er cent of the res%ondents

their monthl subscri%tion amount is below Rs.4+. Ss which are collectin, a

monthl subscri%tion of Rs.41(5+ and more than Rs.5+ amount to 23.33 %er cent and

!4.!$ %er cent res%ectivel.

9a#orit of the Ss ?!4.!$@A collect monthl subscri%tion of more than

Rs.5+.

=.18 OPINION ON SOCIA, (E,FARE PROGRA--ES OF SHGS

56


57/118

0able 1& shows the o%inion of res%ondent=s welfare %ro,rammes of Ss.

TA,E ( 16

Opinion on Soial (el'are Pro%ramme" o' SHG"


1

2

Bes

6o

0otal

!)

&1

4!

54

15+ 1++


It is inferred from 0able 1& that 4! %er cent of the res%ondents are or,ani*in,

the social welfare %ro,rammes and the remainin, 54 %er cent are not conductin, the

social welfare %ro,rammes.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?54@A are not conductin, the social welfare

%ro,rammes.

=.&: TYPES OF SOCIA, (E,FARE PROGRA--ES

57


58/118

0he social welfare %ro,rammes contain man awareness %ro,rammes li:e

-IDS awareness %o%ulation awareness and so on. 0able 1) reveals the t%es of social

welfare %ro,rammes underta:en b Ss.

TA,E ( 18

T*pe" o' Soial (el'are

S. 6o. 0%es 6o. of

Res%ondents

Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

4

-IDS -wareness

Pollution -wareness

Po%ulation -wareness

-nti Dowr Sstem

0otal

12

$5

25

3&

&.++

5+.++

1!.!$

25.33

15+ 1++.++


0able 1) reveals that & %er cent of the Ss have or,ani*ed -IDS awareness

%ro,rammes 5+ %er cent of the Ss or,ani*ed %ollution awareness %ro,rammes

1!.!$ %er cent of the Ss or,ani*ed %o%ulation awareness %ro,rammes and 25.33

%er cent of the Ss or,ani*ed anti(dowr %ro,rammes.

0wo(fourth of the ?5+@A Ss have or,ani*ed %ollution awareness

%ro,rammes.

=.&1 OPINION OF -E-ERS AOUT THE ENEFITS RECEI/ED FRO-

SHGS

58


59/118

0able 2+ shows the o%inion of members about the benefits received from

Ss.

TA,E ( &:

Opinion o' -emBer" aBout t$e ene'it" Reeive 'rom SHG"


1

2

Bes

6o

0otal

13&

12

)2

&

15+ 1++


It is inferred from 0able 2+ that )2 %er cent of the members of Ss have

received benefits from Ss and remainin, & %er cent have received no benefit from

Ss.

9ore than four(fifth ?)2@A of the members have received benefits from Ss.

=.&& TYPE OF ENEFITS

In order to :now the t%e of benefits received from Ss arrett=s Ran:in,

0echni>ue has been used.

59


60/118

Garrett;" Ran


61/118

usin, the above formula the 0able value has been calculated as follows.

Ran: 'alculated alue arrett=s 0able alue

1 $3

2 5$

3 44

4 2$

Sore" o' Garrett;" Ranue.

TA,E ( &&

Sore" o' T*pe" o' ene'it" # Garrett;" Ran


62/118

Garrett;" Ran


63/118

TA,E ( &0

ProBlem" Fae B* t$e -emBer"


1

2

Bes

6o

0otal

5+

1++

33.33

!!.!$

15+ 1++.++


/rom the above table 24 it is understood that 33.33 %er cent of the res%ondents

are facin, %roblems as a member of Ss and the remainin, !!.!$ %er cent of the

res%ondents are not facin, an %roblem as a member of S.

9ore than two(third of the members of Ss are not facin, an %roblems.

=.&0 NATURE OF PRO,E-S

In order to :now the nature of %roblems faced b the members the arrett=s

Ran:in, 0echni>ue has been used.

63


64/118

Garrett;" Ran


65/118

Ri#K Ran: iven for the ithariables b the #thRes%ondents.

6#K 6umer of ariables Ran:ed b #thRes%ondents.

usin, the above formula the 0able value has been calculated as follows.

/ollowsJ


11++?1 +.5A

1+5

= $5

21++ ?2 +.5A

3+5

= !+

3 1++?3 +.5A 5+5

= 5+

41++ ?4 +.5A

$+5

= 4+

51++?5 +.5A

)+5

= 25

Sore" o' Garrett Ranue.

TA,E ( &3

Sore" o' ProBlem" Fae B* -emBer"

7Garrett;" Ran


66/118

S.

No.Difficulties

RankTotal

1 2 3 4 5

1. Inconvenient to -ttend the 9eetin,$5

+

42

+

!5

+

4+

+

25

+24$+

2. Inconvenient to -ttend the 0rainin,

Pro,ramme

)$

5

54

+

5+

+

3!

+

22

52!++

3. 0here is no Sco%e for ;%ressin, the

0hou,hts

52

5

)+

+

55

+

24

+

2$

524)+

4. -utocratic Leadershi% &2

5

4&

+

45

+

4&

+

25

+24&5

5. 'onflicts -mon, the 9embers !$

5

!!

+

35

+

52

+

25

+2455


Garrett;" Ran


67/118

S.

6o.0%es

0otal

Score-vera,e 0otal

1

2

3

4

5

Inconvenient to -ttend 0rainin,

Pro,ramme

0here is no Sco%e for ;%ressin, the

0hou,hts

-utocratic Leadershi%

Inconvenient to -ttend 9eetin,

'onflicts -mon, the 9embers

2!++

24)+

24&5

24$+

2455

52.++

4).&+

4).$+

4).4+

4).1+

I

II

III

I


It is seen from 0able 2$ that amon, five %roblems faced b the members

inconvenient to attend the trainin, %ro,ramme ,ot the first ran: followed b there is

no sco%e for e;%ressin, the thou,hts autocratic leadershi% inconvenient to attend the

meetin, and conflicts amon, the members. -mon, the various %roblems faced b

members inconvenient to attend the trainin, %ro,ramme to%s the list followed b

there is no sco%e for e;%ressin, the thou,hts.

=.&2 ATTITUDE OF -E-ERS REGARDING THE PERFOR-ANCE OF

SHGS

0able 2& ,ives the attitude of members re,ardin, the %erformance of the Ss.

TA,E ( &6

Attitue o' -emBer" Re%arin% Per'ormane o' SHG"

S. 6o. -ttitude 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

67


68/118

1

2

ood

9oderate

0otal

125

25

&3.33

1!.!$

15+ 1++.++


0able 2& reveals that &3.33 %er cent of the members feel that the %erformance

of the Ss are ,ood and the remainin, 1!.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents feel that the

%erformance is moderate.

9a#orit of the members ?&3.33@A feel that the %erformances of the Ss are

,ood.

68


69/118

CHAPTER I/

OPINION OF -E-ERS TO(ARDS ,OAN AND TRAINING

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Loan orrowed from the rou%

4.3 6umber of 0imes the San,ha Loan Received

4.4 Re%ament of San,ha Loan

4.5 Pur%ose of Receivin, San,ha Loan

4.! "%inion about Re(%ament Procedure

4.$ 0rainin, Pro,ramme -ttended

4.& -nalsis of sefulness of 0rainin, Pro,rammes

4.) "%inion about the 0rainin, Pro,ramme

4.1+ Level of Satisfaction with 0rainin, Pro,ramme

69


70/118

0.1 INTRODUCTION

- ma#or trust in recent ears in im%rovin, the lives of women fol: and

alleviatin, rural %overt throu,h the 6on(overnmental or,ani*ations ?6"sA in

India in %romotin, finance throu,h self hel% ,rou%s b increasin, man trainin,

%ro,rammes are conducted throu,h 6"s.

In this cha%ter an attem%t has been made to stud the amount of loan borrowed

from the ,rou% number of times the san,ha loan received re%ament of san,ha loan

%ur%ose of receivin, san,ha loan re%ament %rocedure difficulties of re%ament

trainin, %ro,ramme attended o%inion about the trainin, %ro,rammes level of

satisfaction of trainin, %ro,ramme and the li:e.

70


71/118

0.& ,OAN ORRO(ED FRO- THE GROUP

0he distribution of sam%le res%ondents on the basis of amount of ,rou% than

borrowed b each res%ondent is shown in 0able 2).

TA,E ( &8

,OAN ORRO(ED FRO- THE GROUP

S .6o. Loan -mount 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

4

Less than Rs.1++++

Rs.1++++ C 5++++

Rs.5+++1 C 1+++++

9ore than Rs.1+++++

0otal

41

&1

15

13

2$.33

54.++

1+.++

&.!$

15+ 1++.++

SourceJ Primar Data

It is inferred from 0able 2) that 2$.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have

borrowed less than Rs. 1++++ 54 %er cent of the res%ondents have borrowed Rs.

1++++(5++++ 1+ %er cent of the res%ondents have borrowed Rs. 5+++1(1+++++

and &.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have borrowed more than Rs. 1+++++.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?54@A have borrowed Rs. 1++++ to Rs. 5++++

from the ,rou%.

0.=NU-ER OF TI-ES THE SANGHA ,OAN RECEI/ED

71


72/118

0he S %rovides San,ha Loans to the members. 9ore over there is no limit

to the number of times of ,ettin, this loan.

TA,E ( =:

NumBer o' Time" San%$a ,oan Reeive

S .6o. 6umber of 0imes 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

4

Less than 5 0imes

5(1+ 0imes

1+(15 0imes

-bove 15 0imes

0otal

2$

)&

1)

!

1&.++

!5.33

12.!$

4.++

15+ 1++.++


0able 3+ reveals that 1& %er cent of the res%ondents have received san,ha loans

less than five times !5.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have received five to ten time

12.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents ten to fifteen times and 4 %er cent of the res%ondents

have received more than 15 times.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?!5.33@A have ,ot loan 5(1+ times.

0.0 REPAY-ENT OF SANGHA ,OAN

72


73/118

Re%ament of San,ha Loan is to be made %ro%erl. 0he re%ament amount

consists of interest and %rinci%al. 0he S made it com%ulsor that re%ament of

interest should be made either wee:l or monthl. ut the %rinci%al amount can be

re%aid monthl once in si; months or once in the ear. 0able 31 shows the details of

%eriod of re%ament of San,ha loan.

TA,E (=1

Repa*ment o' San%$a ,oan

S .6o. Period of Re%ament 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

4

"nce in a 7ee:

"nce in a 9onth

"nce in Si; 9onths

"nce in a Bear

0otal

5

112

13

2+

3.33

$4.!$

&.!$

13.33

15+ 1++.++


0able 31 e;%lains that 3.33 %er cent of the res%ondents re%a the loan once in a

wee: $4.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents re%a the loan once in a month &.!$ %er cent

of the res%ondents re%a the loan once in si; months and 13.33 %er cent of the

res%ondents re%a the loan once in a ear.

9ore than three(fifth of the res%ondents ?$4.!$@A %refer to re%a the loan once

in a month.

0.2 PURPOSE OF RECEI/ING SANGHA ,OAN

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S are formed to satisf the needs of their members. 0he have some

s%ecific %ur%ose. 0he received San,ha Loans to achieve their %ur%ose. 0able 32

shows %ur%ose of receivin, loan b its members.

TA,E (=&

Purpo"e o' Reeivin% San%$a ,oan

S .6o. Pur%ose 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

1

2

3

4

5

ducation

9edical

-,riculture

usiness

-ll

0otal

5!

3&

2$

1)

1+

3$.33

25.33

1&.++

12.!$

!.!$

15+ 1++.++


0able 32 reveals that 3$.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,h Loan

for education 25.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,ha Loan to meet out

medical e;%enditure 1& %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,ha Loan for

a,riculture 12.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,ha Loan for business and

!.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have used San,ha Loan for all %ur%ose.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?3$.33@A have used San,ha Loan for education

%ur%ose.

0.3 OPINION AOUT RE7PAY-ENT PROCEDURE

0able 33 shows the o%inion of members about Re(%ament %rocedure.

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TA,E ( ==

Opinion aBout Re7pa*ment Proeure


1

2

Satisfied

6ot(satisfied

0otal

112

3&

$4.!$

25.33

15+ 1++.++

SourceJ Primar Data

0able 33 reveals that $4.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have been satisfied

with the re%ament %rocedure and the remainin, 25.33 %er cent of the res%ondents

have been not satisfied with the re%ament %rocedure.

9ore than three(fifth of the res%ondents ?$4.!$@A have been satisfied with the

loan re%ament %rocedure.

0.5 TRAINING PROGRA--E ATTENDED

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0he res%ondents are attendin, trainin, %ro,rammes. 0he trainin, %ro,rammes

are s%onsored b heads 6"s and ban:s. 'lassification of res%ondents on the basis

of trainin, %ro,rammed attended b the member is shown in 0able 34

TA,E (=0

Trainin% Pro%ramme Attene

S. 6o. Particulars 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

12

-ttended6ot(-ttended

0otal

141)

)4!

15+ 1++


0able 34 shows that )4 %er cent of the res%ondents have attended trainin,

%ro,rammes and the remainin, ! %er cent of the res%ondents have not attended the

trainin, %ro,ramme.

9ost of the res%ondents ?)4@A have attended trainin, %ro,rammes.

0.6 ANAYSIS OF USEFU,NESS OF TRAINING PROGRA--ES

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In order to :now the usefulness of trainin, %ro,rammes the members have been

as:ed to ran: the various uses of trainin, %ro,rammes.

0he members have been as:ed to ran: the followin, uses of trainin,

%ro,rammes.

'han,e m carrier

Pave wa for income ,eneration

-ids to ma:e %lan for future

-ids to have some solution to m %roblems

6ot(useful

0able 35 shows the res%onses of the members re,ardin, the benefits of

trainin, %ro,ramme.

TA,E (=2

Ran


78/118

Percent Position K

Ri# K Ran: ,iven for the ith variable b the #th res%ondents.

6# K 6umber of variable ran:ed b the #th res%ondents.

usin, the above formula the 0able values were calculated as follows.


11++?1 +.5A

1+5

= $5

21++ ?2 +.5A

3+5

= !+

3

1++?3 +.5A5+

5

=

5+

41++ ?4 +.5A

$+5

= 4+

51++?5 +.5A

)+5

= 25

Sore" o' Garrett;" Ranue.

TA,E (=3

Sore" o' U"e'ulne"" o' Trainin% Pro%ramme # Garrett;" Ran


79/118

S .No. BenefitsRank

Total1 2 3 4 5

1. 'han,e 9 'arrier 2)2

5

13&

+

15+

+

124

+

45

+$4)5

2. Pave 7a for Income

eneration

225

+

2!4

+$++ $!+

&5

+$2++

3. -ids to ma:e Plan for /uture 2+2

5

1!&

+

1!5

+

1++

+

$+

+$+55

4. -ids to have Some Solution to

9 Problems

21+

+

1&+

+

1$+

+&&+

!$

5$155

5. 6ot(useful 12$

5)!+

15+

+

1$!

+

&5

+!345


Garrett;" Ran


80/118

U"e'ulne"" o' Trainin% Pro%ramme # Garrett;" Ran


81/118

TA,E (=6

Opinion aBout t$e Trainin% Pro%ramme


1

2

Satisfied

6ot(satisfied

0otal

141

)

)4

!

15+ 1++


0able 3& reveals that )4 %er cent of the res%ondents have been satisfied with

the trainin, %ro,ramme and the remainin, ! %er cent of the res%ondents have not been

satisfied with the trainin, %ro,ramme.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?)4@A have been satisfied with the trainin,

%ro,rammes.

0.1: ,E/E, OF SATISFACTION (ITH TRAINING PROGRA--E

0able 3) e;%resses the res%ondents= o%inion about the level of satisfaction with

trainin, %ro,amme.

TA,E (=8

81


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,evel o' Sati"'ation +it$ Trainin% Pro%ramme

S. 6o. Level of Satisfaction 6o. of Res%ondents Percenta,e ?@A

12

3

Low9edium

i,h

0otal

)4

13$

!.++2.!$

)1.33

15+ 1++.++


It is seen from the 0able 3) that ! %er cent of the res%ondents have low level of

satisfaction 2.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents have medium level of satisfaction and

)1.33 %er cent of the res%ondents have hi,h level of satisfaction.

9ore than four(fifth of the res%ondents ?)1.33@A have hi,h level of satisfaction

with the trainin, %ro,rammes.

CHAPTER /

(O-EN E-PO(ER-ENT THROUGH SHG

5.1 Introduction

5.2 9easurin, m%owerment

5.3 conomic m%owerment

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5.4 Social m%owerment

5.5 /amil m%owerment

5.! Individual m%owerment

83


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5.1 INTRODUCTION

7omen in India are victims of a multi%le socio(economic and cultural factors.

manci%ation of women is a %re re>uisite for a nation=s economic develo%ment and

socio u%liftment. 0he role of women and the need to em%ower them are central to

human develo%ment %ro,rammes includin, %overt alleviation. In s%ite of safe,uards

%rovided in man of the %overt alleviation %ro,rammes it was observed that women

in rural areas es%eciall from %oor families could not be benefited. 0he Self el%

rou% ?SsA is a viable or,ani*ed set u% to disburse micro(credit to the rural women

for the %ur%ose of ma:in, them enter%risin, and encoura,in, to enter into

entre%reneurial activities. 0he formation of S is not ultimatel a micro(credit

%ro#ect but an em%owerment %rocess1=.

- Self el% rou% is a self ,overned %eer controlled small and informal

association of the %oor usuall from socio(economicall homo,eneous families who

are or,ani*ed around savin,s and credit activities10. Ss are not charit or sim%l

communit(based ,rou%s. 0he are made and controlled b the %eo%le affected. Ss

are built on the stren,th of their members.

Self el% rou%s have emer,ed are %o%ular movement of encoura,in, the

conce%t of self em%loment. 0he emer,ed as a result of industriali*ation the

brea:down of the :inshi% sstem and the li:e. 0his movement stems from the %eo%le=s

1313. 0.Ramachandran and ala:rishan Impat o' Sel'7Help Group" on (omen;" Empo+erment8

Guru:shetra December 2++& %.31.

1414. 9ohamed -bdullah -. (omen Empo+erment T$rou%$ SHG8 0amil 6adu Hournal of 'o(o%eration

Hune 2++& %.55.

84


85/118

desire to meet their needs and determine their own destinies throu,h the %rinci%le of

b the %eo%le for the %eo%le and of the %eo%le8.

In the Indian conte;t where a,riculture is still %redominant women

entre%reneurshi% has two dimensionsJ Rural entre%reneurshi% and rban

entre%reneurshi%. In rural conditions with women literac rate still low enter%rises

creation is loo:ed more as a source to su%%lement famil income. 9an of rural

women fol: alread en,a,e themselves in weavin, handicraft ma:in, a,ro(allied

activities and the li:e but these are ta:en as secondar activities onl. 0he S

movement in India es%eciall in states li:e 0amil 6adu has come of a,e and thou,h

men also can for Ss the term has become snonmous with women ,rou%s. 0oda

S movement has ac>uired more than one ob#ective. 0o alleviate %overt in rural

areas and also to em%ower women %articularl the rural and semi(urban fol:s. 0he

S is now acce%ted as a sustainable social %rocess to ensure m%owerment at the

rass Root8 but social m%owerment is not %ossible without economic

em%owerment12.

5.2 -EASURING E-PO(ER-ENT

1515. 9ohamed -bdullah -. (omen Empo+erment t$rou%$ SHG8 0amil 6adu Hournal 'o(o%eration Hune

2++& %.5$.

85


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0he %ur%ose of formin, S is said to be achieved onl if the beneficiaries F

entre%reneurs are em%owered.

ere an attem%t is made to analses the e;tent of em%owerment in the

followin, as%ects.

conomic m%owerment

Individual m%owerment

/amil m%owerment and

Social m%owerment

5.3 ECONO-IC E-PO(ER-ENT

0he Ss can ,et si*eable %rofits from its o%erations onl when the members

are stimulated to e;%and the income levels au,ment the em%loment o%%ortunities b

wa of ,reater out%ut of ,oods and services %roduced. 0he economic em%owerment of

the members is said be attained when the societ im%roves the >ualit of members life

increasin, %er ca%ital income reducin, %overt enhancin, individual economic

o%%ortunities better education and a richer cultural life. Self el% rou%s have come

into e;istence in a bi, wa in various business o%erations at local F communit levels.

9an %eo%le from ever corner have a%%lauded its ,rowth and develo%ment ,loball.

In India too Ss have contributed for the economic em%owerment of the members

as well as societ as a whole.

0he im%ortance of women to the economic develo%ment of India was first

reco,ni*ed durin, the countr=s stru,,le for inde%endence. m%owerment is social

86


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action %rocess that %romotes %artici%ation of %eo%le or,ani*ation and communities in

,ainin, control over their lives in their communit. 0here is an ur,ent need of

em%owerin, women es%eciall in rural areas. 0he formation of Self el% rou% will

enhance their socio economic %osition in the societ.

Small loans can ma:e ,ood business amon, women. 7omen stand to ,ain a lot

from S because it ,ives them an inde%endent means of ,eneratin, wealth and

becomin, self(reliant in a societ. arious case studies show that there is a %ositive

correlation between credit availabilit and women=s em%owerment.

87


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5.3.1 -ONTH,Y INCO-E OF THE FA-I,Y

9onthl income of the famil was anal*ed to ascertain whether there is an

si,nificant im%rovement in the income of the famil after becomin, a member of the

S. So a com%arison was made between monthl income before and after becomin,

a member of the unit. 0able 4+ de%icts the monthl income of the famil before and

after becomin, a beneficiar of the S.

TA,E (0:

-ont$l* Inome o' t$e Famil* Be'ore an a'ter eomin% -emBer

S .6o.

9onthl income of the famil

?in RsA

6umber of eneficiaries

efore becomin, a

9ember

-fter becomin, a

9ember

1 Less than Rs.5++!)

?4!@A

3&

?25.33@A

2 Rs. 5++ C Rs. 1+++44

?2).33@A

$5

?5+@A

3 Rs.1++1 C Rs. 2+++22

?14.!$@A

25

?1!.!$@A

4 9ore than Rs. 2+++15

?1+@A

12

?&@A

0otal 15+

?1++@A

15+

?1++@A


0able 4+ reveals that before becomin, a member of the S 4! %er cent

families had an income of less than Rs.5++ 2).33 %er cent had an income between

88


89/118

Rs.5++ ( Rs.1+++ 14.!$ %er cent had their income between Rs.1++1 ( Rs.2+++ and 1+

%er cent of the families had a monthl income of above Rs.2+++. efore becomin, a

member of Ss ma#orit of the families had and below as their income Rs.5++.

-fter becomin, a member of the S the number of families havin, monthl

income of less than Rs.5++ is decreased from 4! %er cent to 25.33 %er cent. 0he

number of families havin, monthl income between Rs.5++ ( Rs.1+++ and between

Rs.1+++ ( 2+++ has increased from 2).33 %er cent to 5+ %er cent and 14.!$ %er cent to

1!.!$ %er cent res%ectivel. 0he number of families havin, monthl income of more

than Rs.2+++ is decreased from 1+ %er cent to & %er cent. -fter becomin, a member of

Ss considerable increase has been affected as income between Rs.5++ ( Rs.1+++.

5.3.2 /alue o' Hou"e$ol A""et"

89


90/118

Possession of various assets and e>ui%ments and their value tells u%on the

welfare of an individual and famil. -ssets include Radio 0a% recorder 0 /rid,e

Sewin, machine 0ele%hone and the li:e. 0able 41 e;hibits the value of household

assets %ossessed b beneficiaries before and after becomin, a member of S.

TA,E (01

/alue o' Hou"e$ol A""et" O+ne B* -emBer"

S .6o. alue of ousehold assets

?in RsA

6umber of eneficiaries

efore becomin, a

9ember

-fter becomin, a

9ember

1 Less than Rs.25+++!3

?42@A

5+

?33.33@A

2 Rs. 25+++ C Rs. 5++++3&

?25.33@A

5+

?33.33@A

3 Rs.5+++1 C Rs. 1+++++

3$

?24.!$@A

3$

?24.!$@A

4 9ore than Rs. 1+++++12

?&@A

13

?&.!$@A

0otal15+

?1++@A

15+

?1++@A


0he 0able 41 shows that before becomin, a member 42 %er cent of

beneficiaries %ossessed assets worth less than Rs.25+++ 25.33 %er cent owned assets

90


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worth Rs.25+++ to Rs.5++++ 24.!$ %er cent owned assets worth Rs.5+++1 to

Rs.1+++++ and & %er cent owned assets worth above Rs.1+++++. efore becomin, a

member of S ma;imum %ercenta,e of beneficiaries owned assets worth less than

Rs.25+++.

-fter becomin, a member 33.33 %er cent of beneficiaries %ossessed assets

worth less than Rs.25+++ 33.33 %er cent owned assets worth Rs.25+++ to Rs.5++++

24.!$ %er cent owned assets worth Rs.5+++1 to Rs.1+++++ and &.!$ %er cent owned

assets worth above Rs.1+++++. -fter becomin, a member of S the families

%ossessin, assets worth between Rs.25+++ to Rs.5++++ has increased from 25.33 %er

cent to 33.33 %er cent.

5.4 SOCIA, E-PO(ER-ENT

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Social em%owerment is e;%licit throu,h the abilit to s%ea: in %ublic the

coura,e to raise voice a,ainst social in#ustice :nowled,e about the laws to %rotect and

defend women and the li:e influence the %osition of women in the societ. In order to

measure the de,ree of em%owerment variables have been identified and anal*ed.

0able 42 shows the social em%owerment of the members.

TA,E (0&

Soial Empo+erment

S.

6o.

ariables6umber of beneficiaries Scores

Bes

0o

some

e;tent

6o 0otal 0otal -vera,e

1. Public s%ea:in, abilit 54 &$ ) 15+ 343 5$.1$

2. Partici%ation in election

cam%ai,nin,

1+ & 132 15+ 1$& 2).!$

3. tili*e the o%%ortunit to

contest in elections

4 11 135 15+ 1!) 2&.1$

4. ;%ress our own o%inion

in a meetin, F in a

discussion

4! )) 5 15+ 341 5!.&3

5. Raise voice a,ainst

in#ustice

25 )4 31 15+ 2)4 4)

!. Gnowled,e about the

laws to %rotect and defend

women

4+ 1++ 1+ 15+ 33+ 55

$. 0ravel alone at ni,ht 52 &5 13 15+ 33) 5!.5

0otal avera,e score 4$.4&


0able 42 reveals that the hi,hest avera,e score ?5$.1$A was earned b the

variable E%ublic s%ea:in, abilit= and the lowest ?2&.1$A b the variable Eutili*e the

92


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o%%ortunit to contest in elections=. 0he other variables in the order of de,ree of

em%owerment are E;%ress our own o%inion in a meetin, in a discussion= ?5!.&3A

E0ravel alone even at ni,ht= ?5!.5A E:nowled,e about the laws to %rotect and defend

women= ?55A= raise voice a,ainst in#ustice= ?4)A and E%artici%ation in election

cam%ai,nin,= ?2).!$A. 0he total avera,e score for entire social em%owerment

variables is 4$.4&. ence the social em%owerment achieved b S members is

moderate.

5.5 FA-I,Y E-PO(ER-ENT

;tent of %ower of decision ma:in, in the famil freedom in s%endin,

freedom to attend social functions and the li:e determine the %osition of women in the

famil. In order to assess how far Ss hel% their beneficiaries to im%rove their

%osition in their famil and thereb em%ower themselves ! variables were selected.

0hese variables include freedom to s%end earnin,s decide the mode of savin,s

o%erate ban: accounts and attend social functions and %ower to ma:e im%ortant

decisions in the famil. 0able 43 shows the famil em%owerment of the members.

TA,E (0=

Famil* Empo+erment

ariables 6umber of Scores

93


94/118

S.

6o.

beneficiaries

Bes

0o

some

e;tent


1. /reedom to s%end

earnin,s

)5 41 14 15+ 3+5 5+.&3

2. /reedom to decide mode

of savin,s

!! $) 5 15+ 2&) 4&.1$

3. /reedom to o%erate ban:

accounts

25 112 13 15+ 25+ 41.!$

4. /reedom to attend social

function

44 1++ ! 15+ 2$+ 45

5. /reedom to ta:e decision

relatin, to education of

children

1! 11) 15 15+ 241 4+.1$

!. Decisions relatin, to

%urchase of costl ca%ital

assets

2) $5 4! 15+ 22! 3$.!$

0otal avera,e score 43.)2SourceJ Primar Data.

0able 43 reveals that the hi,hest avera,e score ?5+.&3A was earned b the

variable Efreedom to s%end earnin,s= and the lowest ?3$.!$A b the variable Edecisions

relatin, to %urchase of costl ca%ital assets=. 0he other variables in the order of de,ree

of em%owerment are Efreedom to decide mode of savin,s= ?4&.1$A Efreedom to attend

social function= ?45A Efreedom to o%erate ban: accounts= ?41.!$A= and Efreedom to

ta:e decision relatin, to education of children= ?4+.1$A. 0he total avera,e score for

entire famil em%owerment variables is 43.)2. ence the famil em%owerment

achieved b S members is moderate.

94


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5.! INDI/IDUA, E-PO(ER-ENT

Individual em%owerment means achievin, self confidence better self

awareness leadershi% >ualit e;ercisin, decision ma:in, %ower and the li:e. S

%rovides an o%%ortunit to their beneficiaries to develo% these >ualities. In order to

assess how the beneficiaries are em%owered %ersonall b becomin, a member in

S $ variables were selected and anal*ed. 0able 44 shows the individual

em%owerment of the members.

95


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TA,E (00

Iniviual Empo+erment

S.

6o.

ariables

6umber of

beneficiariesScores

Bes

0o

some

e;tent


1. nhanced :nowled,e of

enter%rises

2) ) 112 15+ 21$ 3!.1$

2. 'onfidence to start own

enter%rises

1) 11 12+ 15+ 1)) 33.1$

3. el%ed in %ersonalit

develo%ment

31 && 31 15+ 3++ 5+

4. etter self awareness 25 11) ! 15+ 31) 53.1$

5. Leadershi%s >ualit 34 11+ ! 15+ 32& 54.!$

!. -bilit to face %roblems 21 125 4 15+ 31$ 52.&3

$. Decision ma:in, abilit 3+ 112 & 15+ 322 53.!$

0otal avera,e score 4$.!$


0able 44 reveals that the total avera,e score for the entire variables is 4$.!$.

-mon, the seven variables the de,ree of em%owerment was hi,h for the variable

Eleadershi%s >ualit= and low for Econfidence to start own enter%rises=. 0he avera,e

score amon, the variables varies between 33.1$ and 54.!$. 0he seven variables on the

basis of avera,e score have been arran,ed in the ascendin, order as Econfidence to

start own enter%rises ?33.1$A Enhanced :nowled,e of enter%rises ?3!.1$A Eel%ed in

96


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%ersonalit develo%ment= ?5+A Eabilit to face %roblems= ?52.&3A Eetter self

awareness= ?53.1$A EDecision ma:in, abilit= ?53.!$A and Eleadershi% >ualit= ?54.!$A.

Since the total avera,e score for the entire variables is 4$.!$ the individual

em%owerment achieved b the members throu,h Ss is moderate.

97


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CHAPTER /I

SU--ARY OF FINDINGS! SUGGESTIONS AND CONC,USION

!.1 Introduction

!.2 Summar of /indin,s

!.3 Su,,estions

!.4 'onclusion

98


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3.1 INTRODUCTION

0he formation of Self el% rou%s is hi,hl useful for women. It hel%s them to

earn mone. 0he can earn mone easil doin, some activities at home itself. 0here is

no need for them to ,o for em%loment to other %laces. - woman %rovides

em%loment to other %eo%le throu,h S. 0he ban:ers also come forward to ,ive

loan to women at low interest rate.

0his cha%ter is attem%ts to anal*e and %resent the summar of findin,s and to

offer su,,estions based on findin,s.

3.& SU--ARY OF FINDINGS

0he findin,s of the stud are listed belowJ

3.&.1 Per"onal Detail"

9ore than two(fifth of the members are in the a,e ,rou% of 3!(45 ears.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?&!.!$@A are married.

9ore than three(fifth ?!2@A of the members are educated u%to %rimar level.

9ore than two(fifth ?4!@A of the res%ondents= occu%ation is a,riculture and

coolie.

3.&.& -emBer"$ip an Group Detail"

9ost of the Ss ?&3.3@A are in %anchaat area.

9a#orit of the Ss ?!2.!$@A are involved in -,riculture oriented activities.

9a#orit of the members ?5&@A are motivated throu,h ins%iration from other

members.

99


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9ore than four(fifths ?&&.!$@A of the res%ondents are not facin, an %roblem

to become a member in the S.

Problem of Demandin, more mone and ,rou% domination are the ma#or

%roblems faced b the members.

9a#orit of the members ?!+@A of their famil members have not %artici%ated

in the activities of the Ss.

9ore than four(fifths of the res%ondents ?&$.33@A feel that the ,rou% accounts

are maintained %ro%erl b the ,rou% leader.

9ore than four(fifths of the res%ondents feel that the accounts are %ro%erl

submitted to the members.

9ore than three(fifths of the S ?$4.!$@A collect savin,s amount ever

wee:.

9ore than three(fourth ?&&@A of the res%ondents the monthl savin,s %er

,rou% is less than Rs.2+++.

9ore than three(fifths of the Ss %referred co(o%erative ban:s as their

ban:ers.

9a#orit of the Ss ?$3.33@A collect subscri%tion amount monthl from their

members.

9a#orit of the Ss ?!4.!$@A collect monthl subscri%tion of more than

Rs.5+.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?54@A are not conductin, the social welfare

%ro,rammes.

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alf of the Ss ?5+@A have or,ani*ed %ollution awareness %ro,rammes.

9a#orit ?)2@A of the members have received benefits from Ss.

0he t%e of benefits received from Ss has been anal*ed b arrett=s

ran:in, techni>ue. 0he main benefits received from the ,rou% have been Esco%e of

becomin, an entre%reneur= followed b Eincreased self awareness=.

9ore than two(thirds ?!!.!$@A of the members of Ss are facin, %roblems.

-mon, the various %roblems faced b members Einconvenience to attend the

meetin,= to%s the list followed b Ethere is no sco%e for e;%ressin, the thou,hts=.

9a#orit of the members ?&3.33@A feel that the %erformances of the Ss are

,ood.

3.&.= ,oan

9ore than half of the res%ondents ?54@A borrowed Rs.1++++ to Rs.5++++ from

the ,rou%.

9ore than two(fourths of the res%ondents ?!5.33@A ,ot loans 5(1+ times from

the ,rou%.

9ore than three(fifths of the res%ondents ?$4.!$@A %refer to re%a the loan

once in a month.

9ore than one(fifth of the res%ondents ?3$.33@A have used loan for education

%ur%ose.

$4.!$ %er cent of the res%ondents were satisfied with the loan re%ament

%rocedure.

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3.&.0 Trainin%

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?)4@A have attended trainin, %ro,rammes.

0he benefits of trainin, %ro,rammes have been anal*ed b arrett=s ran:in,

techni>ue. 0he main benefits of trainin, %ro,ramme are useful to Echan,e their

carrier= followed b E%ave the wa for income ,eneration=.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?)4@A have been satisfied with the trainin,

%ro,rammes.

9a#orit of the res%ondents ?)1.33@A have hi,h level of satisfaction with the

trainin, %ro,rammes.

3.&.2 ,evel o' Empo+erment

efore becomin, a member of Ss ma#orit of the families had an income of

Rs.5++ and below. -fter becomin, a member of Ss the number of families havin,

a monthl income of less than Rs.5++ decreased from 4! %er cent to 25.33 %er cent.

efore becomin, a member of S ma;imum number of beneficiaries owned

assets worth less than Rs.25 +++. -fter becomin, a member the families %rocessin,

assets worth between Rs.25 +++ ( Rs.5+ +++ have increased from 25.33 %er cent to

33.33 %er cent.

0he social em%owerment achieved b S members is moderate.

m%owerment achieved b the members in their famil was moderate.

0he individual em%owerment achieved b the members throu,h Ss is

moderate.

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3.= SUGGESTIONS

1. 0he Ss should create awareness amon, the members about different

schemes available for women.

2. 0here are difficult formalities to ,et loans from ban:s. ence ste%s should be

ta:en to sim%lif the %rocedures.

3. 0here should be an effective su%ervision over the utili*ation of loan.

4. 0he ,rou% a%%roach is needed to brin, the de%rived women to,ether for the

%ur%ose of income ,eneration.

5. 0he accounts of Ss should be maintained %ro%erl b them. 0he 6"s

should chec: the accounts at re,ular intervals.

!. 0he overnment should ta:e ste%s to reserve some of the business activities for

women Ss.

$. 9ore motivation can be %rovided to the ,rou% members.

&. 0here should be an ade>uate co(o%eration within the ,rou%.

). 0he number of self em%loment activities should be increased.

1+.0he ,overnment should %rovide more financial assistance to 6"s and Ss

for raisin, the socio economic status of women.

11.overnment should %rovide loans at low rate of interest must be sanctioned to

them on their own ca%acit and securit without an hurdle.

12. 0rainin, at re,ular intervals to ,rou% members on self(mana,ement as%ect ma

be im%arted with the hel% of e;%erienced resource %ersons.

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3.0 CONC,USION

m%owerin, women in %re(re>uisite for creatin, a ,ood nation when women

are em%owerment societ with stabilit is assured. m%owerin, of women is

essential as their thou,hts and their value sstems lead the develo%ment of a ,ood

famil ,ood societ and ultimatel a ,ood nation. Ins%ite of various constitutional

safe,uards and le,islative measures as well as number of %ro,rammes and %olicies

initiated b the ,overnment for the betterment of women no si,nificant develo%ment

too: %lace in the socio(economic conditions of women and the are still la,,in,

behind men in their %artici%ation in the %rocess of develo%ment. 7ithout the full and

e>ual %artici%ation of women there can be no sustainable human develo%ment. Low

socio(economic status of women and less em%owerment of women is an intense socio(

economic %roblem not onl at national level but also at the ,lobal level that re>uires a

lon,(term multi(%ron,ed strate, to be carried on continuousl.

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ILI"R-PB

OOS

1. asant Desai. Rural Development in Inia! Pa"t! Pre"ent an Future # A

C$allen%e in t$e Cri"i" imalaa Publishin, house 2++5 9umbai.

2. Soundara%andian 9. Rural Inu"trie" in Inia 9ohit Publications 1)))

6ew Delhi.

3. 9aha#an .S. (omen;" ContriBution to Inia;" Eonomi an Soial

Development Dee% and Dee% Publications 1)&) 6ew Delhi.

4. 0hanulin,om 6. Re"ear$ -et$oolo%* imalaa Publishin, ouse Delhi

1)&5.

5. Pillai R.S.6. Stati"ti T$eor* an Pratie S. 'hand and 'om%an Limited

2++1.

!. 9arilee Garl (omen an Empo+erment London *ed oo:s Limited 1))5.

4OURNA,S

1. -nton alsmma ducation and m%lomentJ the :e to 7omen

m%owerment= uru


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4. Sinha and 'handni ducation and m%owerment of 7omen8 T$ir

Conept ol.21 6o.243 2++$ %. 5+.

5. Saantan era S Can: Lin:a,e Pro,ramme in India8 4ournal o'

Finaneol.III /ebruar 2++) %.2$.

!. -mar#eet Gour S and Rural Develo%ment8 uru


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GO/ERN-ENT PU,ICATIONS

- and oo: of /ormin, Ss C 6--RD.

Seven Ste%s 0owards ;cellent Loan Portfolio C 6--RD

Swarna#aanti ram Swaro*,av Bo#ana ?SSA

9ahalir 0hittam.

rou% /ormation Details /rom 'ollector "ffice 0uticorin.

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APPENDI # A

A STUDY ON (O-EN E-PO(ER-ENT THROUGH SE,F HE,P

GROUPS IN O/I,PATTI ,OC

INTER/IE( SCHEDU,E FOR -E-ERS

I PERSONA, PARTICU,ARS

1.1 6ame

1.2 -,e

aA elow 25 ears bA 2!(35 ears

cA 3!(45 ears dA -bove 45 ears

1.3 9arital Status

aA 9arried bA nmarried

1.4 ducational Mualification

aA Primar Level bA Secondar Level

'A De,ree Level dA Di%loma

1.5 "ccu%ation

aA -,riculture and bA 'oolies

-llied -ctivities

cA ousewife dA usiness

II -E-ERSHIP AND GROUP DETAI,S

2.1 6ame of the rou%

2.2 In which %lace the ,rou% is situatedN

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aA 9unici%al -rea bA Panchaat -rea

2.3 9ention the nature of activit of our ,rou%

aA Production "riented bA Service "riented

cA -,riculture oriented

2.4 7hat motivated ou to #oin as memberN

aA 6"=s bA an:=s

cA Ins%iration from

other members2.5 Do ou face an %roblem to become a memberN

aA Bes bA 6o

2.! If es mention the %roblems

aA Demandin, more mone

bA 9ore rules and re,ulations

cA rou% domination in S

2.$ 7hether the famil members F relatives %artici%ated in our ,rou%

aA Bes bA 6o

2.& 7hether our ,rou% leader maintains %ro%er accountsN

aA Bes bA 6o

2.) If es whether account statements are %eriodicall submitted to all

members or notN

aA Bes bA 6o

2.1+ 7hen do ou collect the savin,s amountN

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aA ver 7ee: bA /ortni,htl

cA 0hen and there

2.11 ow much does our ,rou% save %er monthN

aA Less than Rs.2+++ bA Rs.2+++ C Rs.3+++

2.12 7ho is our ,rou%s= ban:erN

aA 'o(o%erative an: bA Pandian rama an:

cA 6ationali*ed an:

2.13 /re>uenc of subscri%tion collection

aA 7ee:l bA /ortni,htl

cA 9onthl

2.14 -mount of subscri%tion

aA elow Rs.4+ bA Rs.41 C Rs.5+

cA 9ore than Rs.5+

2.15 -re ou doin, an social activitiesN

aA Bes bA 6o

2.1! If es mention the social activities

aA -IDS awareness bA Pollution awareness

cA Po%ulation awareness dA -nti dowr sstem

2.1$ Do ou feel the S is more beneficial to ouN

aA Bes bA 6o

2.1& If es in what wa it is beneficial to ouN ?Please Ran:A

aA Increase our famil income

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bA Sco%e for savin,s

cA Sco%e of becomin, an entre%reneur

dA Increase self awareness

2.1) -s a member of S do ou have an %roblemsN

aA Bes bA 6o

2.2+ If es mention the nature of the %roblem ?Please Ran:A

aA Inconvenient to attend the meetin,

bA Inconvenient to attend the trainin, %ro,ramme

cA 0here is no sco%e for e;%ressin, the thou,hts

dA -utocratic leadershi%

eA 'onflicts amon, the members

2.21 Bour overall attitude re,ardin, the %erformance of our S

aA ood bA 9oderate

III L"-6

3.1 9ention the amount borrowed b ou from our rou%J

aA Less than Rs.1++++ bA Rs.1++++ C Rs. 5++++

cA Rs. 5+++1 C Rs. 1+++++ dA 9ore than Rs. 1+++++

3.2 ow man times have ou receive san,ha loanN

aA Less than 5 times bA 5 C 1+ times

cA 1+ C 15 times dA -bove 1! times

3.3 ow did ou re%a san,ha loanN

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aA "nce in a wee: bA "nce in a month

cA "nce in si; months dA "nce in a ear

3.4 Please s%ecif the %ur%ose of receivin, san,ha loan

aA ducation bA 9edical

cA -,riculture dA usiness

eA -ll

3.5 -re ou satisfied with our re%ament %rocedureN

aA Bes bA 6o

I/. TRAINING

4.1 ave ou under,one an trainin, %ro,rammeN

aA Bes bA 6o

4.2 If es how is it useful to ou ?Please Ran:NA

aA 'han,e m carrier

bA Pave wa for income ,eneration

cA -ids to ma:e %lan for future

dA -ids to have some solution to m %roblems

eA 6ot useful

4.3 -re ou satisfied with the self(em%loment %ro,ramme offered to our ,rou%N

aA Bes bA 6o

4.4 If es to what e;tentN

aA Low bA 9edium

cA i,h

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/. ,E/E, OF E-PO(ER-ENT

?i@ Eonomi Empo+erment

5.1 7hat was our monthl income before #oinin, the SN

aA Less than Rs.5++ bA Rs.5++ C Rs.1+++

cA Rs.1++1 C Rs. 2+++ dA -bove Rs. 2+++

5.2 7hat was our monthl income after #oinin, the SN

aA Less than Rs. 5++ bA Rs. 5++ C Rs. 1+++

cA Rs. 1++1 C Rs. 2+++ dA -bove Rs. 2+++

5.3 7hat was the value of our household -ssets before becomin, a memberN

aA Less than Rs. 25+++ bA Rs.25+++ C Rs. 5++++

cA Rs. 5+++1 C Rs. 1+++++ dA -bove Rs. 1+++++

5.4 7hat is the %res

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