Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.
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Transcript of Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.
![Page 1: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Moving On
P, H, & D
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Beth Fischer
Michael Zigmond
Survival Skills and Ethics Program
www.pitt.edu/~survival
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Acknowledgements
• Science Next Wave– David Jensen– Peter Fiske
• Laurence Boldt
• Richard Bolles
• National Academy of Sciences
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Getting a job
• the dream– PhD (+ postdoc) = job
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Getting a job
• the dream
• the nightmare– 6-10 yr postdoc– 100 letters, no responses– “The PhD Glut”
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Getting a job
• the dream
• the nightmare
• the reality– PhD + postdoc job
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Getting a job
• the dream
• the nightmare
• the reality– PhD + postdoc job– jobs are available
JOB
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Getting a job
• the dream
• the nightmare
• the reality– PhD + postdoc job– jobs are available– it will take
• time• hard work
JOB
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This time, like all times, is a very good one, if we but know what to do with it.
Emerson
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Why do many people have so much trouble finding jobs?
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Why trouble finding jobs?
• too many constraints
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Why trouble finding jobs?
• too many constraints
• lack of proper training
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Why trouble finding jobs?
• too many constraints
• lack of proper training
• lack of necessary experience
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Why trouble finding jobs?
• too many constraints
• lack of proper training
• lack of necessary experience
• poor problem solving techniques
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How do you solvea research problem?
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Solving research problems
1. start right away
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Solving research problems
1. start right away
2. think creatively
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Solving research problems
1. start right away
2. think creatively
3. get additional information
- read the literature
- consult those with experience
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Solving research problems
1. start right away
2. think creatively
3. get additional information
4. develop a logical plan
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Solving research problems
1. start right away
2. think creatively
3. get additional information
4. develop a logical plan
5. work very hard
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Getting additional information
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Getting additional informationAbout what?
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Getting additional information
• about specific job opportunities
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Getting additional information
• about specific job opportunities
• about the full range of options
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Getting additional information
• about specific job opportunities
• about the full range of options
• about how to approach employers
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Getting additional information
• about specific job opportunities
• about the full range of options
• about how to approach employers
• about yourself
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Getting additional information
• about specific job opportunities
• about the full range of options
• about how to approach employers
• about yourself
what is the order of importance?
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Information about yourself
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Make it thy business to know thyself, which is the most difficulty
lesson in the world.
Miguel De Cervantes
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Information about yourself:what do you enjoy?
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Information about yourself:what do you enjoy?
• evaluating literature• experimental design• data collection• data analysis• oral presentations• technical writing• working with others
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Information about yourself:what do you enjoy?
• evaluating literature• experimental design• data collection• data analysis• oral presentations• technical writing• working with others
• supervising– junior students– technicians
• teaching– undergraduates– graduate students– medical students
• establishing policy
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Information about yourself:what do you want?
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Information about yourself:what do you want?
• independence• responsibility• impact• income• security• effort• stress
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Information about yourself:what are your strengths?
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Information about yourself:what are your strengths?
• lab skills– general– specific
• accomplishments– publications– awards– education– experience
• knowledge– depth– breadth
• recommendations– supervisors– others in field
• social skills• leadership
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What are the critical variablesthat determine success?
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What are the critical variablesthat determine success?
• specific technical skills
• intelligence and creativity
• problem solving skills
• motivation and focus
• personality and social skills
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What are the critical variablesthat determine success?
• specific technical skills
• intelligence and creativity
• problem solving skills
• motivation and focus
• personality and social skills
what is the order of importance?
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Information about yourself:what are your constraints?
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Information about yourself:what are your constraints?
• responsibilities– partner– family
• income needs• community
– religion– race, ethnicity
• side interests
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Information about yourself
• what do you enjoy?
• what do you want?
• what are your strengths?
• what are your constraints?
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Considering the Options
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Considering the Options
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Employment options: Research
• academic
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Employment options: Research
• academic– medical school– arts and sciences– veterinary school– dental school– pharmacy school
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Employment options: Research
• academic
• institute– public– private
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Employment options: Research
• academic
• institute
• industry– pharmaceutical– biotech– other
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Employment options: Teaching
• university
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Employment options: Teaching
• university
• 4-yr college
• 2-yr college
• K-12
• adult education
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Can we expand our horizons even more?
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What did you learn as a graduate student and postdoc?
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Lessons from graduate school and postdoctoral training
• background in field • specific focus• technical skills
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Lessons from graduate school and postdoctoral training
• background in field • specific focus• technical skills• critical thinking• problem selection• problem solution• when to start, stop• importance of
accuracy
![Page 55: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Lessons from graduate school and postdoctoral training
• background in field • specific focus• technical skills• critical thinking• problem selection• problem solution• when to start, stop• importance of
accuracy
• communication– written– oral
![Page 56: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Lessons from graduate school and postdoctoral training
• background in field • specific focus• technical skills• critical thinking• problem selection• problem solution• when to start, stop• importance of
accuracy
• communication– written– oral
• time management
![Page 57: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Lessons from graduate school and postdoctoral training
• background in field • specific focus• technical skills• critical thinking• problem selection• problem solution• when to start, stop• importance of
accuracy
• communication– written– oral
• time management• dealing with difficulties
– challenge– boredom– difficult people– failure
![Page 58: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Lessons from graduate school and postdoctoral training
• background in field • specific focus• technical skills• critical thinking• problem selection• problem solution• when to start, stop• importance of
accuracy
• communication– written– oral
• time management• dealing with difficulties
– challenge and boredom– difficult people– failure
• excitement of science
![Page 59: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Lessons from graduate school and postdoctoral training
• background in field • specific focus• technical skills• critical thinking• problem selection• problem solution• when to start, stop• importance of
accuracy
• communication– written– oral
• time management• dealing with difficulties
– challenge and boredom– difficult people– failure
• excitement of science
![Page 60: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The end of education is to discipline rather
than furnish the mind.
Tyron Edwards
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The most important skills
1. working with difficult people
2. dealing with stress
3. persistence
4. circumventing rules
5. starting project with incomplete knowledge
P. Fiske
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Re-considering the Options
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Selected options for people with advanced degrees
• research• teaching• journalism• technical writing• publishing• intellectual property• patent law• public policy
• museum curating• investment banking• research admin• educational admin• grants admin• bioinformatics
… and much more
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Finding a match
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Finding a match
you
• what you enjoy• what you want• your strengths• your constraints
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Finding a match
you
• what you enjoy• what you want• your strengths• your constraints
the job
• responsibilities• income• effort• impact• location
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Considering alternative careers
problems
• lack of support– advisors– peers– friends and family
• lack of information• absence of network
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Considering alternative careers
problems
• lack of support– advisors– peers– friends and family
• lack of information• absence of network
advantages
• closer match to you– enjoy– want– strengths– constraints
• more opportunities
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Considering alternative careers
problems
• lack of support– advisors– peers– friends and family
• lack of information• absence of network
advantages
• closer match to you– enjoy– want– strengths– constraints
• more opportunities• a job!
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“The hardest battle”
to be nobody-but-yourself – in a world which is doing its best, night and day, to make you everybody else
e e cummings
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Where do you learn about non-traditional career options?• articles
– books– journals and newspapers– internet
• courses
• internships
• informational interviews
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Informational interviews
• come with– some background– specific questions– information about self
• request general information– job specification– training needed– how to search
• never ask about specific job
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Getting additional informationabout specific opportunities
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Getting informationabout specific opportunities
• journals
• newspapers
• placement services– professional meetings– head hunters
• Internet
• network
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Networking
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Networking
• most important source of information
• >75% of all jobs come from networks
• importance increases with experience
• developing your network– takes effort– is essential
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How large is your network?
How many people would...
• write strong letters of recommendation?
• mention you if asked for suggestions?
• contact you if they heard of a position?
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How to increase your network
• get to know people at own institution
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How to increase your network
• get to know people at own institution
• meet visitors
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How to increase your network
• get to know people at own institution
• meet visitors
• meet people at national meetings
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How to increase your network
• get to know people at own institution
• meet visitors
• meet people at national meetings
• contact people at their local institutions
![Page 82: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
How to increase your network
• get to know people at own institution
• meet visitors
• meet people at national meetings
• contact people at their local institutions
• include family and friends
![Page 83: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Maintain your network
• stay in touch
• send material– copies of your work– information of interest
• exchange visits
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Some specific types of moves
• postdoctoral fellow
• job in private industry
• dual career couple
• first job
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What about postdoctoral training?
• what is a “postdoc”?
• is it useful?
• is it essential?
• how should you proceed?
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What is a “postdoc”?
• 2-4 years of research training after PhD
• few if any other responsibilities
• can be at university, institute, industry
• typical stipend: $25-30,000
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Objectives of postdoctoral training
• additional training
• exposure to different environment
• additional credentials (esp. publications)
• increased network
• jump-start on later research
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Is postdoctoral training useful?Is it essential?
career track useful?
research +
researchadministration
+
college teaching +
journalism +
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Is postdoctoral training useful?Is it essential?
career track useful? essential?
research + +
researchadministration
+ +/-
college teaching + +/-
journalism + +/-
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How does one obtain a postdoctoral position?
• determine what you wish to learn
• identify best people in the field
• become familiar with their work
• approach them as for a job
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Finding a Job in Industry
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Finding a job in industry
• advertisements and letters
• professional assistance– job fair organizers– employment agencies– job fair organizers
• word of mouth
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What it takes in industry
• cooperation: influence without authority
• team orientation
• self-promotion
• goals and timelines
• acceptance of direction from others
• ability to work without financial securityDavid Jensen
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Searching with a partner
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Searching with a partner• plan ahead
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Searching with a partner• plan ahead
• seek locations with multiple options
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Searching with a partner• plan ahead
• seek locations with multiple options
• let first employer help find the second
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Searching with a partner• plan ahead
• seek locations with multiple options
• let first employer help find the second
• be prepared to compromise
![Page 99: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Searching with a partner• plan ahead
• seek locations with multiple options
• let first employer help find the second
• be prepared to compromise– location– job– commute– career
![Page 100: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Help wanted:Positions open in Biogen Tech;
experience required.
Landing that first job
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Getting experiencebefore getting a job
industry industrial postdoc
college sabbaticalreplacement
administration internship
journalism freelace
in general temp work
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When to start preparing for your next move?
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When to start preparing
• in general: immediately– consider options– develop skills– establish references– develop network
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When to start preparing
• in general: immediately
• specific move– 12-18 months before leaving
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When to start preparing
• in general: immediately
• specific move– 12-18 months before leaving– as soon as someone inquires
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What should you be ready to move on?
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What should you be ready to move on?
• advanced degrees– PhD: 4-5 yrs– MD: 4 yrs– MD/PhD: 7-8 yrs
• postdoc: 2-4 yrs
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Making Choices
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Making Choices
another year as grad student postdoctoral training
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Making Choices
another year as grad student postdoctoral training
research university faculty
college teaching
![Page 111: Moving On P, H, & D. Beth Fischer Michael Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program survival.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649e845503460f94b86cc5/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Making Choices
another year as grad student postdoctoral training
research university facultyprivate industry
college teaching investment banking
starting your own business technical writing and journalism
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Whatever you do or dream you can do – begin it. Boldness has
genius and power and magic in it.
Johann Goethe
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Network break