Metadata (and cataloging?) Jenn Riley Metadata Librarian IU Digital Library Program.
Moving from a locally-developed data model to a standard conceptual model Jenn Riley Metadata...
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Transcript of Moving from a locally-developed data model to a standard conceptual model Jenn Riley Metadata...
Moving from a locally-developed data model to a standard conceptual modelJenn RileyMetadata LibrarianIndiana University Digital Library Program
I’m a practitioner.
•And a librarian.•But I work in a department whose mission
is to advance the state of the art in digital libraries,
•and I’m particularly interested in innovative discovery systems.
Therefore, I often act as a bridge between the researcher and the implementer.
August 6, 2008
International Society for Knowledge
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Libraries’ metadata focus• Practical!• Element sets and the records that implement
them• Metadata element sets tend to be defined by
their encodings▫Rarely do element sets from this community
have multiple encodings▫Rarely is there an externally defined model on
which the encoding is based• Only recently has this community started
thinking about conceptual models
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Some conceptual models•FRBR: Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records, 1998 report from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
•CIDOC CRM: International Committee for Museum Documentation Conceptual Reference Model, ISO 21127:2006
•DCMI Abstract Model, 2007▫“Information model”▫At a higher level of abstraction than the
first two
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What’s the connection?
•Significant literature on both topics, but they rarely reference one another
•Should also note that the categories “element set” and “conceptual model” don’t have strict boundaries
•Does a metadata element set need to be explicitly based on a conceptual model?
•What does it even mean for an element set to conform to a conceptual model?
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What the community has realized•An element set necessarily instantiates an
underlying conceptual model▫Even if it’s not explicitly defined▫Even if it’s internally inconsistent, or not
really what was intended•The conceptual model has a profound
effect on what can be done with the metadata, and what can be described with it
•Mapping between element sets easier when they use the same conceptual model
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DCMI leading work in this area• DCMES, 1995• Warwick Framework (format-independent
container architecture) and slight revisions, 1996
• Introduction of qualifiers in 2000• DCMI Abstract Model
▫First draft 2004▫Current version June 2007
• Encodings▫Have changed over time▫DCMI has long presented several options▫Now will be explicitly connected to the Abstract
Model• Libraries should learn from this development
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Applying these principles to Variations @ Indiana University• Variations Digital Music Library in operation since
1995▫ Streaming audio▫ Scanned scores, and a few encoded scores
• Work-based data model developed in 2001▫ Defined as a human-readable data dictionary▫ Data structured as XML inside the system▫ XML Schema for Java classes to interact with not
developed until 2005• Current work focused on long-term sustainability
▫ Locally-developed data model is a liability▫ FRBR gaining real traction in the library community▫ It became obvious we needed a change, and one based
on conformance to a standard conceptual model
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Original Variations data model
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Variations vs. FRBRVariations 2/3 Entity FRBR Group 1
EntityWork (more concrete than FRBR Work)
Work
Instantiation (can only appear on one Container)
Expression
Container (includes some copy-specific data)
Manifestation
Media Object (defined as a digital file)
Item
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Current status of our work• Reports analyzing FRBR/FRAD as applied to
music▫Music-specific entity definitions▫Attributes needed/not needed▫Relationships needed/not needed▫Additions to FRBR/FRAD needed
• Currently investigating encodings▫No data structure from IFLA, and other library
bodies haven’t stepped up▫ Internal data representation vs. export formats
• Pending grant application for development work to perform the switch – stay tuned!
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Encodings under consideration (1)• FRBR in RDF
▫Researcher-driven▫No stable body behind it▫Only covers entities and relationships, not
attributes• FRBRoo
▫“Harmonization” of FRBR and CIDOC/CRM▫Limits Events to those for Group 1 entities▫“Electronic publishing” model doesn’t include a
Manifestation▫No OWL ontology for FRBRoo yet, only for
CIDOC/CRM
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Encodings under consideration (2)•Music Ontology
▫Scope considerably wider than what Variations needs
▫Lacks model for FRBR Group 3 entities•DCMI/RDA Vocabularies
▫Because RDA is FRBR-based▫But likely not close enough to FRBR for us
•So we may have to make our own▫But would still export some of these other
alternatives
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Thank you!
•Let’s find more ways for researchers and practitioners to work together.
•Questions?•For more information:
▫[email protected]▫These presentation slides:
http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/presentations/isko2008/isko2008.ppt
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