Moving Forward in Safety ThinkingMoving Forward in Safety Thinking

ANSI B11.TR3 ANSI B11.TR3 -- Provide an Provide an understanding of what it is and why it's understanding of what it is and why it's significant.significant.

Provide an overview history to put the Provide an overview history to put the Technical Report in perspective, why it Technical Report in perspective, why it came about.came about.

ANSI B11.TR3 ANSI B11.TR3 What it is and why itWhat it is and why it’’s significant.s significant.

A technical report that provides A technical report that provides procedures and methods to reduce risks procedures and methods to reduce risks associated with machine design, associated with machine design, construction, care and use.construction, care and use.

–– Written to offer guidelines for B11 standards.Written to offer guidelines for B11 standards.

Calls for Risk Assessment and Calls for Risk Assessment and Reduction of Risk through a systematic Reduction of Risk through a systematic review process becausereview process because……

ANSI B11.TR3 ANSI B11.TR3 What it is and why itWhat it is and why it’’s significant.s significant.

Many machine hazards are missed Many machine hazards are missed during design because task identification during design because task identification and risk assessment are not part of the and risk assessment are not part of the process.process.

Current OSHA Current OSHA RegsRegs–– Provide no methodology to address machine Provide no methodology to address machine

hazards and risks.hazards and risks.

ANSI B11.TR3 ANSI B11.TR3 What it is and why itWhat it is and why it’’s significant.s significant.

Puts responsibility on machine Puts responsibility on machine manufacturers and users.manufacturers and users.

Will enter industry through the standards Will enter industry through the standards process.process.

ANSI B11.TR3 ANSI B11.TR3 What it is and why itWhat it is and why it’’s significant.s significant.

Application will significantly enhance Application will significantly enhance machine safety.machine safety.

It brings U.S. standards in line with It brings U.S. standards in line with European/International standards.European/International standards.

Overview HistoryOverview History

European Standards come out and European Standards come out and incorporate incorporate ““risk assessmentrisk assessment”” (1993). (1993).

1995 ANSI Sub1995 ANSI Sub--Committee formed to Committee formed to look at look at ““risk assessmentrisk assessment”” process.process.

Appellate courts change what Appellate courts change what constitutes whether a machine is constitutes whether a machine is reasonably "safe as designed". reasonably "safe as designed".

Overview HistoryOverview History

ANSI B11.TR3 came out in late 2000.ANSI B11.TR3 came out in late 2000.

Not RequiredNot Required

No industry or government requirement No industry or government requirement mandates that the content of ANSI mandates that the content of ANSI B11.TR3 be followed.B11.TR3 be followed.

Plans are to incorporate into ANSI Plans are to incorporate into ANSI standards. standards.

Risk Assessment is already part of Risk Assessment is already part of Robotic. ANSI/RIA Robotic. ANSI/RIA -- 1999 Industrial 1999 Industrial Robots and Robot SystemsRobots and Robot Systems

Intended UseIntended Use

New or modified machines.New or modified machines.

Can be used to evaluate existing Can be used to evaluate existing equipment.equipment.

To be incorporated in to B11 ANSI To be incorporated in to B11 ANSI Standards as they come up for 10 year Standards as they come up for 10 year review. (all will be done over next 4 review. (all will be done over next 4 years).years).

Benefits RecognizedBenefits Recognized

Experiments conducted by TR3 Experiments conducted by TR3 Committee.Committee.

Members were convinced of superior Members were convinced of superior value in hazard identification.value in hazard identification.

EliminateEliminate, by design., by design.

ControlControl, access to exposures by , access to exposures by safeguarding.safeguarding.

Provide other safety measuresProvide other safety measures, like , like awareness barriers, signals, etc.awareness barriers, signals, etc.

Administrative ControlsAdministrative Controls, procedures and , procedures and PPEPPE

Hierarchy Of Hazard ControlsHierarchy Of Hazard Controls

The Guiding ThoughtsThe Guiding Thoughts

Zero Risk can not be achieved.Zero Risk can not be achieved.

Reduce risks to an acceptable or Reduce risks to an acceptable or ““tolerabletolerable”” level.level.

Clearly identify and communicate Clearly identify and communicate remaining risk to the user.remaining risk to the user.

The Guiding ThoughtsThe Guiding Thoughts

Hazards need to be identified for each Hazards need to be identified for each machine task using a risk assessment machine task using a risk assessment process.process.

Task Based Risk Assessment and Task Based Risk Assessment and Reduction Involves the following:Reduction Involves the following:

1.1. Determine the machine limits.Determine the machine limits.2.2. Identify all machine tasks.Identify all machine tasks.3.3. Identify hazards associated with Identify hazards associated with

each task. each task. –– Rate the severity.Rate the severity.

Task Based Risk Assessment and Task Based Risk Assessment and Reduction Involves the following:Reduction Involves the following:

4.4. Rate the probability for each hazard.Rate the probability for each hazard.5.5. Determine the level of Determine the level of ““riskrisk””..6.6. Eliminate the hazard or reduce itsEliminate the hazard or reduce its’’

severity.severity.7.7. Determine the type of safeguarding Determine the type of safeguarding

and performance level of the system and performance level of the system necessary to achieve the desire necessary to achieve the desire ““riskrisk”” level. level.

Tolerable RiskTolerable Risk

Risk ReductionRisk Reduction is complete when is complete when protective measures consistent with the protective measures consistent with the standard are achieved and standard are achieved and ““tolerable tolerable riskrisk”” is achieved.is achieved.

Tolerable RiskTolerable Risk: Risk that is accepted for : Risk that is accepted for a given task and hazard combination a given task and hazard combination (hazardous situation).(hazardous situation).

Why do this if not technically required?Why do this if not technically required?

Hurt at WorkHurt at Work

You've carefully thought out all the You've carefully thought out all the angles. angles. You've done it a thousand times.You've done it a thousand times.It comes naturally to you. It comes naturally to you. You know what you're doing, its what You know what you're doing, its what

you've been trained to do your whole life.you've been trained to do your whole life.Nothing could possibly go wrong, right?Nothing could possibly go wrong, right?

Think Again.Think Again.

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Identify the hazard.Identify the hazard.Determine the worst case severity.Determine the worst case severity.Determine the frequency of exposure.Determine the frequency of exposure.Determine probability?Determine probability?–– Is injury certain, or can it be avoided.Is injury certain, or can it be avoided.

RatingsRatings

Severity: Evaluate the hazard and Severity: Evaluate the hazard and determine the most severe injury that determine the most severe injury that could happen. Assume the accident could happen. Assume the accident has happened.has happened.

SeveritySeverity

Rate the severity.Rate the severity.

–– (10) Fatal(10) Fatal

–– (6) Major (6) Major Normally irreversible, permanent disability, Normally irreversible, permanent disability, i.e. loss of sight, amputation.i.e. loss of sight, amputation.

–– (3) Serious (3) Serious Normally reversible, cuts, broken bones, Normally reversible, cuts, broken bones, burns.burns.

–– (1) Minor (1) Minor Bruising, cuts, first aid care.Bruising, cuts, first aid care.

FrequencyFrequency

Rate frequency.Rate frequency.–– (4) Frequent (4) Frequent Several times per daySeveral times per day

–– (2) Occasional (2) Occasional DailyDaily

–– (1) Seldom (1) Seldom Weekly or lessWeekly or less

Probability of InjuryProbability of Injury

What is the probability of injury?What is the probability of injury?

––(6) Certain(6) Certain––(4) Probable(4) Probable––(2) Possible(2) Possible––(1) Unlikely(1) Unlikely

EliminateEliminate, by design., by design.

ControlControl, access to exposures by , access to exposures by safeguarding.safeguarding.

Provide other safety measuresProvide other safety measures, like , like awareness barriers, signals, etc.awareness barriers, signals, etc.

Administrative ControlsAdministrative Controls, procedures and , procedures and PPEPPE

Hierarchy Of Hazard ControlsHierarchy Of Hazard Controls