Movement of the Earth - DanielleWilliams' Science...
Transcript of Movement of the Earth - DanielleWilliams' Science...
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Movement of the Earth
Earth’s
Movemements
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• astronomical unit: the average distance between the earth and the sun –150 million km
–93 million miles
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Earth has 2 Movements:
Rotation: is the turning or spinning of a body on its axis
1) 1 rotation = 24 hours = 1 day
Rotation & Revolution
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What effect (that we see daily) does rotation cause?
DAY NIGHT & 2) Causes:
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3) is in the direction from West to East…
• Sun appears to be moving East to West
• Sunrise in East
& sunset in West
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Movement #2 … REVOLUTION
is Earth’s movement around the sun
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Revolution cont.
1 Revolution= 365.24 days = 1 year
.24 x4 = 1 day Leap Year!
Speed of Revolution =30km/s=70,000 mph
ORBIT: is the path Earth follows
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Earth’s Orbit is:
• Slightly elliptical (not a perfect circle)
• Earth is NOT always the same distance from the sun
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PERIHELION
closest point to the sun at:
147 million km = (91.34 million miles)
and occurs on: Jan 3rd
PERI=near Helio=Sun
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APHELION
farthest point from sun at:
152 million km =
94.45 million miles
And occurs on: July 4th
Ap=away Helio=Sun
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Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
• 1st law : planets orbit the sun in a path called an ellipse
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aphelion
perihelion
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• 2nd law: planets move fastest when they are closest to the sun in their orbits
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• 3rd law: the farther away a planet orbits, the longer the planet takes to revolve around the sun
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Tilt of Earth’s Axis
is 23.5 degrees
Always pointed toward North
Star
What effect does this cause?? seasons
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This causes the: Seasons! 1) Longest days & most direct sunlight=Summer
2) Shortest days and least direct sunlight=
Winter
What effect does this cause?? seasons
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Precession is: • the gravitational pull of the moon that
causes Earth’s axis to wobble and spin like a top
• Earth makes 1 full turn every 26,000 years
• North Star will NOT always be where North Pole points
Earth’s other movements
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Precession: The axis points in different directions!
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Nutation – the rocking or wiggling motion on the axis of rotation -Earth’s nutation period is 18.6 years
-The effect is a small change in Earth’s tilt towards the sun
- Result is a slight shift in location of: Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle
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Barycenter – the point between 2 objects where they balance each other - The center of mass between 2 or more celestial bodies that orbit each other - Both bodies orbit around a point that is NOT the center of the larger body
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iSR3Yw6FXo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iSR3Yw6FXo
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Earth’s
circumference Video: Earth’s Equatorial Bulge
Video: Shape of
Earth
Earth’s
Circumference
http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzcircumference.htmhttp://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzcircumference.htmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXiRupBxI9Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGrgitTXhBYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGrgitTXhBY