Full mouth rehabilitation with implant supported restorations
Mouth of the Columbia River Jetties Major Rehabilitation.
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Transcript of Mouth of the Columbia River Jetties Major Rehabilitation.
Mouth of the Columbia River JettiesMajor Rehabilitation
Pacific
Ocean
Baker Bay
North Jett
y
South Jetty
Clatsop Spit
Peacock Spit
Washington
Oregon
Sand Island
Ilwaco
AstoriaHammond
Chinook
Jetty “A” Sand Island Pile Dikes
Long Beach
North Head
Columbia River Estuary
MCR
Nav
igatio
n
Lower Columbia River Nav Channel
N
Channel
Pacific
Ocean
Baker Bay
North Jett
y
South Jetty
Clatsop Spit
Peacock Spit
Washington
Oregon
Sand Island
Ilwaco
AstoriaHammond
Chinook
Jetty “A” Sand Island Pile Dikes
Long Beach
North Head
Columbia River Estuary
MCR
Nav
igatio
n
Lower Columbia River Nav Channel
NN
Channel
MCR North Jetty - Construction and Repair History
1917
1939
1965 2005
(Receded approximately 1800’ in length since 1916)
MCR South Jetty - Construction and Repair History
1913 1886
1931-1934
1961- 1962
1982
2006
2007
(Receded approximately 5000’ in length since 1885 - 1913)
Design Development
• Least cost, most reliable repair, environmentally acceptable.
• Jetty cross section options:
– Dimensions: crest elevation, crestwidth, sideslope
– Material types: stone, concrete, combination
• Due to the variability in design climate and repair history, design applications will vary:
– Between the three structures
– Along the length of each structure.
• Both physical and two numerical modeling are used to assess and fine tune the designs.
Physical Modeling of Cross Design Options – Optimize Reliability
Jetty Resilience Compromised by Wave Action
= reliability-based decision point
Reach of North Jetty NOT Repaired Since
1917 Original Construction
Severe Deterioration of Jetty Heads MCR Jetty Breach Feb 2006
Threatened Jetty Section
Progr
essiv
e Dam
age
2005 North Jetty = 58,000 tons Armor Stone (5-12 tons)
2006 – 2007 South Jetty = 160,000 tons Armor Stone (5-30 tons)
Sand infill from north side throughdamaged structure.
Submerged head of north jetty helping to hold Peacock Spit and Benson Beach.
Major Rehab Considerations
• Engineering Features– Lagoon Fill– Spur Groins– Capping
Repaired in 2005
Sep 2002
MCR North Jetty
12 m
10 m8 m
14 m
SOUTH JETTY
6 m
MCR Navigation channel
Existing spur groins on south jetty.
North Jetty
South Jetty
Clatsop Spit
MCR Channel
Peacock Spit
NJS
Use the NJS to reduce the scour rate along the southern toe of the north jetty (place 0.2 - 0.5 Mcy/yr)
Use the SWS to feed material onto Peacock Spit and Sustain the sediment budget north of MCR (place 1.5-2.5 Mcy/yr):
SWS
1939
Benson Beach
Shoreline 1913North Head
*
*head of jetty in 2002
2002
North Head
Shoreline receded 2,000 ft since 1939
North
Jetty
Shoreline 1913
*
As shoals recede, jetties become vulnerable to foundation scour and
wave attack
South Jetty Head – 4000 ft loss in length
Major Rehab Alternatives
• Scheduled Repair
• Immediate Rehab– Minimum Template– Large Template– Composite Template
• Scheduled Rehab
N
2030405060708090100
110
120
= spur groin
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ocean/Beach Side
Channel Side
Existing Core Stone
Present Seabed
Original Seabed
NB1 stone: 25 to 5 ft MLLW = 10-30 ton (mean = 22 ton)NB2 Relic Stone: -10 to -20 ft MLLW = 6-26 ton (mean = 16 ton)
NB3 Surplus Relic Stone and New Filler: below -20 ft MLLW = 1-15 ton (mean = 8 ton)Reworked Relic Armor Stone = 5-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)
Reworked Core Stone = 0.25 - 3 ton (mean = 1.5 ton)all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
1v:2h
South North
1v:1.5h
= NB1 select armor units: 5 to -10 ft MLLW: for stone = 20 - 40 ton (mean =28 ton)
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
Relic Stone
Gravel
Sand
Existing Ground
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ocean/Beach Side
Channel Side
Existing Core Stone
Benson Beach
Original Seabed
NC1 stone: 25 to 5 ft MLLW = 10-30 ton (mean = 22 ton) NC2 Relic Stone: -10 to -20 ft MLLW = 6-26 ton (mean = 16 ton)
NC3 Surplus Relic Stone and New Filler: below -20 ft MLLW = 1-15 ton (mean = 8 ton)Reworked Relic Armor Stone = 5-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)
Reworked Core Stone = 0.25 - 3 ton (mean = 1.5 ton)all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
1v:3h
South North
1v:1.5h
1v:2h1v:2h
=optional area to use concrete armor units
= NC1 select armor units: 5 to -10 ft MLLW; for stone = 20 - 40 ton (mean =28 ton)
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
=area to use concrete armor units - would preclude land access along crest for futre repair unless cap is placed
Relic Stone
NORTH JETTY MAJOR REHABILATION-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
01020304050
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Ocean/Beach SideChannel Side
Present Seabed
Relic Armor Stone Original Seabed
1v:3h
1v:2.5h
South North
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
1v:2.5h
1v:3h
= NH1 concrete armor units: 10 to -10 ft MLLW = 15-25 ton (mean = 20 ton), or sized as needed to resist wave actionNH2 Relic Stone: -10 to -20 ft MLLW = 25-45 ton (mean = 34 ton)
all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ocean/Beach Side
Channel Side
Existing Core Stone
Relic Armor Stone Benson Beach
Original Seabed
Interim Repair = 6-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)Relic Armor Stone = 5-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)
Core Stone = 0.25 - 3 ton (mean = 1.5 ton)all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
1v:1.5h
South North
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
10 T
New Rock
Sand Foundation
Existing Rock
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ocean/Beach Side
Channel Side
Existing Core Stone
Relic Armor Stone
Original Seabed
Interim Repair = 6-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)Relic Armor Stone = 5-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)
Core Stone = 0.25 - 3 ton (mean = 1.5 ton)all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
1v:1.5h
South North
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
New Rock
Sand Foundation
Existing Rock
Gravel
Sand
Existing Ground
Selected Plan
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Year, after 1917
Pro
ba
bilit
y o
f S
ati
sfa
cto
ry P
erf
orm
an
ce
, P
(S)
MONTE CARLO: Variation in North Jetty "Structure Reliability" during :1917-2006
Historical Condition - Dynamic Reliability, P(s)
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Year, after 2006
Pro
bab
ility
of
Sa
tisf
act
ory
Per
form
ance
, P(S
)
MONTE CARLO: Variation in North Jetty "Structure Reliability" during :2006-2070
REHAB Option B - Dynamic Reliability, P(s)
Reliability: Major feature restoration consisting of structural work on Corps operated and maintained facility
• Goal: Develop the most cost-effective reliable structure that serves the purpose for the navigation channel
Applicable Environmental Laws
• NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act)– Mitigated FONSI Environmental Assessment
• CWA (Clean Water Act)• CZMA (Coastal Zone Management Act)• ESA (Endangered Species Act)
– Biological Assessment– Biological Opinion
• Marine Mammal Protection Act• Magnuson-Stevens Act
Potential Impacts
• Listed Species and Critical Habitat• Impacts to Aquatic Organisms• Impacts to Commercial and Recreational
Fisheries• Essential Fish Habitat• Cultural Resources• Socio-Economic• Section 404 Waters and Wetlands
ESA Species in Project Vicinity 13 Runs of Salmonids
Chinook Salmon
Juvenile Fish Studies
North Jetty Disposal Site
Jetty A
ESA Species in Project Vicinity Pelagic Mammals and Turtles
Right Whale
Green Sea Turtle
ESA Species in Project Vicinity Birds (Pelican, Eagle, Murrelet, Plover)
Pelican
Plover
Eagle
Murrelet
ESA Species in Project Vicinity
Steller Sea Lions
Other Species of Concern
Dungeness CrabCalifornia Sea Lion