Motor Vehicles Emissions Control Workshop 2016 · Motor Vehicles Emissions Control Workshop 2016...

Motor Vehicles Emissions Control Workshop 2016

Vehicle emission measurements with PEMS in Hong Kong

Mr. Bruce Organ Manager Emissions Testing & Research

Jockey Club Heavy Vehicle Emissions Testing & Research Centre – Hong Kong IVE

December 14th - 16th 2016

MoVe 2016 - PEMS in HK 2

Jockey Club Heavy Vehicle Emissions Testing & Research Centre

Since 2009 the Hong Kong IVE has supported EPD with their PEMS emissions inventory work in Hong Kong.

Vehicle types tested:

• Passenger car.

• Light & Medium Duty Goods Vehicles.

• Public & Private light buses (Minibus).

• Private Buses (Coaches).

• Franchised Buses (Double Decker).

• Taxis (LPG)



IVE – Institute for Vocational Education PEMS – Portable Emissions Measurement System

Structured procedures for equipment setup and data collection is critical for PEMS.

EPD require that stringent requirements are followed:

• ISO16183 part 86.

• US CFR 1065 Subpart J, published by the US EPA.

• UNECE Euro VI standard for PEMS



US CFR – United States Code of Federal Regulations UNECE – United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

PEMS equipment used:

• SEMTECH DS and ECOStar gaseous, particulate & flow measurement systems.

• AVL M.O.V.E – Gas (493) & PM (494) PEMS.

• A&D Technology Ltd (BOB 1000-FT FTIR).

• Trimble GPS.

• Weather station.

• Ancillary supporting equipment.



PEMS Process:

• Fleet assessment, vehicle identification & selection.

• Equipment installation and validation.

• Preliminary checks, vehicle trial & calibration.

• Planning of routes and regions for testing.

• Audit checks and data acquisition.

• Post test data & vehicle checks.

• Data logs, vehicle photos & reporting.



Vehicle selection:

• Fleet characterisation

• Vehicle class – PC, Taxi, LGV, MGV, HGV, PLB, FB.

• Vehicle age and emissions compliance level.

• Type of emissions control devices installed.

• Style of vehicle body and fit out.

• Ensuring it has not been previously tested.



PC – Passenger Car LGV- light Goods Vehicle MGV - Medium Goods Vehicle

Heavy Goods Vehicle PLB – Public or Private Light Bus FB - Franchised Bus

Vehicle selection:



Installation Planning: Measurement systems

SEMTECH DS, ECOSTAR and EFM.



EFM – Exhaust Flow Meter

Measurement systems

AVL MOVE PEMS



Measurement systems

A&D BOB-1000FT (FTIR).



FTIR – Fourier Transform Infra Red

Equipment Installation:

PEMS systems require adequate room on board.

Layout & routing considerations:

• Gas sampling & exhaust lines.

• Electrical generators & batteries for power.

• Gas bottles for analyser operation.

• Ventilation as required.

All vehicles present unique installation challenges.



Supporting Hardware:

Additional hardware is required to record engine, vehicle & environmental conditions:

• Engine RPM & Load.

• Transmission operation conditions.

• Operating temperatures & pressures.

• Any malfunction warnings from ECM.

• Ambient weather conditions.

• Location and traffic conditions.



ECM – Engine Control Module

Preliminary checks:

• Detailed checklists need to be kept to ensure all installed equipment is setup & functioning correctly.

• A trial road test is run to verify the correct range settings of the emissions equipment.

• The initial data is reviewed and required adjustments are made to optimise hardware. Linearisation checks are then performed to ensure all equipment is functioning correctly before data acquisition begins.



Auditing checks:

• Before each on road test, audit checks are performed per the US CFR 1065 requirements. Once completed the vehicle can measure emissions on road for up to 3 hours.

• Every 3 hours the audit checks must be repeated to ensure the measurements are accurate & measurement values have not drifted.

• For data to be valid, audit checks must be successful before & after measurement.



US CFR – United States Code of Federal Regulations

Testing approach: Two methods are utilised. The first is the vehicle chase method. • A vehicle of the same class is targeted & followed so that

its driving pattern is copied. • The geographic testing areas are varied so that a

distribution of results are provided. • Each vehicle class has its unique usage profile, data

collection periods can vary from 7:00 am to 7:30 pm or up to 24 hours.

• The number of hours of test data required varies also with vehicle profile. It can be 7, 8, 10, 12 or 14 hours.



Testing approach: Vehicle chase method.



Testing approach: The second is the fixed route driving pattern.

• A pre-determined route is selected and approved to provide 1 to 1.5 hours of emissions measurements.

• The vehicle can be loaded from 30% up to 100% of payload.

• The fixed route is driven during different times of day to provide a spread of data.

• The route should (if possible) include all local types of driving patterns.



Testing approach: Fixed route driving pattern.



Sample driving route supplied courtesy of Hong Kong EPD - Dr. Carol Wong

Post test data:

• After testing all data files must be checked for completeness and verified with audit data.

• All checklists to be completed and signed.

• The condition of the vehicle engine is also required to be checked. This is verified be mechanical means for older vehicles and complemented by use of ECM testing tools for newer model vehicles.



ECM – Engine Control Module

Does everything go smoothly? • Equipment failures. • Power supply issues. • Filter media damaged during test. • Audit time limits exceeded • Operator error. • Insufficient target vehicles on road. • Traffic jams and/or accidents occur. • Public events or incidents. • Weather – Heavy rainstorms or typhoons. • Test vehicle breakdowns



Things to remember:

There is always a lot to learn, each new emissions standard, vehicle type/model or generation of measuring equipment presents new challenges & complications.

Safety it paramount. There are many hardware items that must be securely mounted, supported, insulated or isolated. Ensure dangerous materials and gases are handled properly.



Thank you for your attention.



Jockey Club Heavy Vehicle Emissions Testing and

Research Centre

Motor Vehicles Emissions Control Workshop 2016 · Motor Vehicles Emissions Control Workshop 2016...

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