Motor Basics - 2015
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Transcript of Motor Basics - 2015
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MOTORS
2015
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Electrical Motor:An electrical motor is such an electromechanical device which convertselectrical energy into a mechanical energy.
Some Basic Physics formulae:POWER = VOLTAGE X CURRENT SPEED = 120 x F
P
FORCE = B X I X L
GD X RPM Secon!
TOR"UE = POWER X #$% &G'( )* + Acce,n T-(e. = /$ X T*
SPEED
Principle of three phase induction motor:
Date and Place of Presentation in Arial
Italic 11 pt
Presented y in Arial 1! "t
BASIC PRINCIPLE O MO!OR
1
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BASIC PRINCIPLE O MO!OR
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Date and Place of Presentation in Arial
Italic 11 pt
Presented y in Arial 1! "t
#
STATORMOTOR
ROTOR
MO!OR PAR!S
$AM%&AT%O&S
http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=EAVuCc_Q9FJEjM&tbnid=VA1NSJOpguAJDM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Felectrical-engineering-portal.com%2Fconstruction-of-3-phase-ac-induction-motors&ei=46meU5XbLdG_uATz-YGgDA&bvm=bv.68911936,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNGCJOsJ6Ewm7_8DtzdPf_TCSIytFQ&ust=1402993458396635 -
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MO!OR PAR!S
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BASED ON SOURCE OF SUPPL
1. '( MOTOR2. A( MOTOR
BASED ON AREA OF USE
1. SA)* AR*A
2. +A,AR'O-S AR*Aa. )$AM* PROO)
. &O& SPAR/%&c. %&(R*AS*' SA)*T
#. (RA&* +O%ST '-T
!"PES O MO!OR
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Date and Place of Presentation in ArialItalic 11 pt
5
TP* O) MOTOR MO-&T%&
o3-4on)*, Mo5n)-n6 Ve3)-c*, Mo5n)-n6
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DEGREE OF PROTECTION IS INDICATED B IP FOLLOWED B TWO DIGITS LI7E IP
TE FIRST NUMERAL INDICATES PROTECTION AGAINST CONTACT AND INGRESS OF
FOREIGN BODIES8 SECOND NUMERAL INDIACATES PROTECTION AGAINST INGRESS
OF WATER
'*R** O) PROT*(T%O&
'R%PP%& 3AT*R50 MM
12 MM
2.5 MM
1 MM
&O %&R*SS O)'-ST %& +ARM)-$4T
'-ST PROO)
PROT*(T%O& AA%&ST 'R%PP%&
3AT*R 3+*& *&($OS-R* %ST%$T*' 15 '*RR**
PROT*(T%O& AA%&ST SPRA%&3AT*R-P TO 60 '*R**
3AT*R SP$AS+*' )ROM A&'%R*(T%O&
3AT*R 7*T 3%$$ +A8* &O+ARM)-$ *))*(T
3AT*R 7*T )ROM PO3*R)-$ S*A 3%$$+A8* &O +ARM)-$ *))*(T
1
2
#
!
5
6
1
2#
!
5
6
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M*T+O' O) (OO$%&
+eat is trans9erred 9rom one location to another y conduction: convection and radiation.
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M*T+O' O) (OO$%&
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%&S-$AT%O& ($ASS
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START%& O) MOTORS
Thermal 3ithstand timeThe thermal withstand time or short circuit current withstand ca"aility is ameasure o9 the short circuit current a motor can tolerate without eingdamaged when a short circuit current 9lows through winding.
Starting TimeTime re;uired to attain rated s"eed.
Starting Time de"ends on9
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Starting (urrent
1.%*1 Motor 6 times rated current
2.%*2 Motor > times rated current
#.%*# Motor ? times rated current
+OT@(O$' Start
1.&o o9 Permissile Start@hour Thermal 3ithstand time @ Starting time
2.load '= B Motor '=: the motors can sa9ely withstand # consecutive starts9rom cold condition 2 consecutive starts 9rom hot condition
#.+igh '= means high starting time means less no o9 start.
START%& O) MOTORS
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Motor Tor;ue S"eed (urve
START%& (-R8*
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M*T+O'S O) START%&
< 'O$
< STAR '*$TA
< A-TO TRA&S)ORM*R
< SO)T START*R
< 8AR%A$* )R*4-*&( 'R%8*
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'O$ START%&< +igh %nrush (urrent< +igh Starting Tor;ue< )ull 8oltage across motor terminals
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STAR '*$TA START%&< 1@#rd%nrush (urrent as com"ared to 'O$< 1@#rdStarting Tor;ue as com"ared to 'O$< 8@C# 8oltage across motor terminals
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SO)T START*R< $ow %nrush (urrent< $ow Starting Tor;ue< $ow 8oltage across motor terminals
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8AR%A$* )R*4-*&( 'R%8*
< 8oltage and )re;uency (ontrolled
< &o %nrush (urrent< +igh Starting Tor;ue
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(OMPAR%SO& O) START%& 'O$@STAR '*$TA@SO)T START*R
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(OMPAR%S%O& O) '%))*R*&T M*T+O'DS O) START%&
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*))*(T O) AM%*&T T*MP*RAT-R* @ A$T%T-'* @ 8O$TA* %MA$A&(*
Fo3 (o)o3! :-); A( /0 10>
21'/ 10# /0'% 10#
%0 100 0 100
% F5 F6
0 F1 >0 F2
A,)-)5e A>
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DUT
1.S1 (O&T%&-O-S '-T2.S2 S+ORT T%M* '-T#.S# %&T*RM%TT*&T '-T!.S! %&T*RM%TT*&T '-T 3%T+ START%&5.S5 %&T*RM%TTA&T '-T 3%T+ START%& A&' *$*(TR%(A$ R*A/%&6.S6 (O&T%&-O-S OGP*RAT%O& P*R%O'%( '-T>.S> H (O&T%&-O-S OP*RAT%O& P*R%O'%( '-T3%T+ *$*(TR%(A$ R*A/%&
?.S? (O&T%&-O-S OP*RAT%O P*R%O'%( '-T 3%T+ R*$AT*' $O3 SP**'(+A&*SF. SF '-T 3%T+ &O& P*R%O'%( $OA' A&' SP**' 8ARA%T%O&
'-T (($* @ *AR%&
BEARING
1. A$$ *AR%&2. RO$$*R *AR%. T+-RST *AR%&!. S$**8* *AR%&
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M*T+O' O) (O-P$%&< 'irect (ou"ling
< eared (ou"ling< )luid (ou"ling< elt Pulley
< (hain (ou"ling
< 'isI (ou"ling
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EFFECT OF CONVERTER +VFD. SUPPL VOLTAGE ON MOTOR
PERFORMANCE
(onstants"eed
(onstant s"eed o"eration de"ending on no. o9 "oles and su""ly 9re;uencyMechanical means liIe gears: "ulleys are re;uired to change s"eed which
involves loss o9 energy
S"eed
accuracy
S"eed changes as "er the variations in 9re;uency.
S"eed can not e set at a 9iJed value+igh startingcurrent
Starting current as high as 6 to ? times the rated current
+igh startinglosses
+igh starting losses associated with high starting current high heating o9motor
Reversals $imited reversals due to high starting losses
)ans@"um"swith reduced9low.
*;ui"ments liIe "um"s: 9ans etc. change their 9low y mechanicalmeans: eg Throttling @ 'am"ers. Same electrical "ower consumed
W; VFD 3e5-3e ' $imitations o9 motors running on grid su""ly
http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133 -
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S"eed (ontrol ood "recise s"eed control in re;uired s"eed range
AdKust the s"eed o9 the motor and Iee" it constant under variale
system "arameters
$imiting starting
current
(ontrols starting current o9 motor without a99ecting the tor;ues o9 the
motor reduces starting losses
Power Saving $ess "ower consumed 9or 9ans@ "um" a""lications y o"erating at
low s"eeds instead o9 throttling @ dam"er use.
A?*n)*6e! o VFD e (o)o3!
EFFECT OF CONVERTER +VFD. SUPPL VOLTAGE ON MOTOR
PERFORMANCE
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Additional heatgeneration
Since the wave9orm is not a sine wave and contains harmonics:additional heat is generated in the windings
+igh stresses on
insulation
P3M: %T devices o"erate at very high 9re;uencies L2I+ to
15I+Nand have very short rise times leading to high dv@dt. Thisstresses the insulation: es"ecially the 9irst coil
Sha9t inducedvoltages andearing 9ailures
+igh 9re;uencies o9 the stator induce sha9t voltages in the rotor .This can cause current through the earing i9 the voltage is high L 500 m8N
This current "asses through earings and causes "itting andsuse;uent early 9ailure o9 the earings
%ncrease in noiselevel
Motor noise levels are slightly higher due to the high 9re;uenciesand ra"id voltage changes
A?e3!e eec)! o VFD !5,
EFFECT OF CONVERTER +VFD. SUPPL VOLTAGE ON MOTOR
PERFORMANCE
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Additional heatgeneration
3henever re;uired: motors can e o99ered with higher core
length or higher 9rame or 9orced cooling
+igh stresses oninsulation
'ual coated winding wire as "er %S 1#>#0 Part H1#1FF! 8P% "rovided with solventless resin Additional insulation i9 system voltage is greater than 5008
Sha9t induced voltagesand earing 9ailures
%nsulated earing on &on 'riving *ndLO"tional i9 re;uired y customerN
T*&-n6 c*3e o *?e3!e eec)! o VFD !5,
EFFECT OF CONVERTER +VFD. SUPPL VOLTAGE ON MOTOR
PERFORMANCE
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'%))*R*&T APP$%(AT%O&S )OR 8)'
(onstant tor;uea""lication
Tor;ue re;uired y the load remains constant in the s"eed range 0 to ase s"eed
*Jam"les cranes: hoists: reci"rocating com"ressors etc.
8ariale tor;ue a""lication
Tor;ue varies in the s;uare "ro"ortion o9 s"eed *Jam"le (entri9ugal "um"s: 9an: lower: etc.
(onstant "ower a""lication
As s"eed increases the tor;ue reduces *Jam"le Metal cutting lathes: wire winding machines
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+A,AR'O-S AR*A MOTORS 3%T+ 8)'
Testing o9 (omined unit o9Motor Q 'rive
(ustomer@$ has to organie 9or third "arty testwitnessing y testing authorities: eg. *RT$:(MR%:/ARA&'%/AR $A.
A""roval o9 comined unito9 Motor Q 'rive P*SO gives a""roval ased on test re"orts.
(ommissioning o9comined unit
Only a9ter the a""roval 9rom P*SO.
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ased on the "resence o9 haardous gases the areas are classi9ied as under
S*$*(T%O& O) +A,AR'O-S AR*A MOTOR AS P*R ,O&* ($ASS%)%(AT%O&
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T*MP*RAT-R* ($ASS
ased on the ignition tem"erature o9 the gases the 9ollowing tem"erature
classes are de9ined
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($ASS%)%(AT%O& O) +A,AR'O-S AS*S
as rou"s
a. as rou" % L(oal MinesN
. as rou" %% A %% LOil MinesN
c. as rou" %% (
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STAT-TOR APPRO8%& O'%*S
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)$AM*PROO) MOTORS )OR 50( AM%*&T T*MP*RAT-R*
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R*4-%R*M*&TS )OR S*$*(T%O& O) MOTOR
1. Area o9 use along with one Sa9e : +aardous
2. Amient Tem"erature
#. 'uty (ycle: no. o9 starts@hour
!. '= o9 the driven e;ui"ment
5. Method o9 starting 'O$: 8)': Start 'elta etc.
6. Method o9 raIing *lectrical @ Mechanical
>. (ou"ling ty"e 'irect: earoJ etc
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