Motivational & Affective Aspects in

Technology Enhanced Learning:

Topics, Results and Research Route

Teresa Holocher-Ertl, Christine Kunzmann, Lars

Müller, Verónica Rivera Pelayo, Andreas

Schmidt

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Motivation is key for knowledge work

“Knowledge workers are those people who have taken responsibility for their work lives. They continually strive to understand the world around them and modify their work practices and behaviors to better meet their personal and organizational objectives. No one tells them what to do. They do not take No for an answer. They are self motivated.”

David Gurteen

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And emotions, too.

Although often not acknowledged

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Research has been fragmented.

Knowledge Management

CSCW

HCIPsycholog

y

HR Development

Sensor engineering

Economics

Each with different ideas of man, research methodologies, …

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V

MATEL 2010 MATEL 2011

MATEL 2012

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Motivation – the story so far

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Motivation has many facets

motivate individuals to share knowledge?

motivate to use tools (like we designed them)?

motivate to learn?

motivate to adapt to new developments?

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Motivation to learn

What moves or hinders learners to learn

relationship of motivation and goals • "implicit" (interest, challenge-based) • "explicit" motivation (goal-oriented, which can be

"assessed"), These can conflict

• explicit goals can stifle implicit interest. • The challenge lies in balancing these two aspects.

Setting goals, monitoring progress, and self-reflection promote motivation (Holocher-Ertl et al. 2011)

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Motivation to share

Influence of collaboration (Holocher-Ertl et al 2010)

Social dilemma & reasons for free-riding (Cress 2010)

Role of self-presentation (Schwaemmle et al. 2010)

Ethnographic field studies in the context of MATURE

Kunzmann & Schmidt 2009

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Motivation to use a specific tool

Is not specific to TEL, but embedded in a broader research stream on user acceptance and satisfaction

Many concepts and approaches, ranging from usability, joy of use to user experience

Popular approach: gamification • Using game mechanisms, e.g., leaderboards, scores

(Parra et al. 2012)

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Motivational design

patterns

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Emotions

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Affective Aspects

Emerging topic First prototypes and studies

Common understanding of the role of emotional aspects

Broad base of theory from psychology Complicated and difficult to apply in a design process Circumplex Model of Affect by Russell & Krathwohl’s

model

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Affective Aspects in TEL: Purposes & Goal

Specific approaches to apply technology in a learning context

Adaptive systems

Raising awareness, reflection

Influence and regulate emotions

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Affective Aspects in TEL: Challenges

Lack of a common language Multiple visualizations and representations

No universal preference to express and communicate emotions

Dependent on the current personal context

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Affective Aspects in TEL: Barriers and concerns

Not seek to replace human perception, but rather to augment it.

Problematic assumptions (Voigt et al., 2011)• Oversimplifying assumptions • Assumption of uniformity • Idealistic assumptions about cognitive

and affective support in communities

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Conclusions: Affective & motivational aspects

Emotions• low level of abstraction, close to observation• Short-lived and quick to change• Effects on learning very complex

differences between short-term and long-term effects• Emerging research area with incoherent streams

Motivation• Higher level of abstraction• More stable and more easily to be linked to learning

processes• Research area higher level of maturity

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Conclusions: Relationship of affective and motivational aspects

The relationship between emotions and learning outcome (and work performance) is not an easy one – negative emotions can increase the learning and work performance.

The relationship between emotions and motivation is likewise not an easy one.

The role of emotions (and motivation) increases in informal learning contexts compared to formal context as in formal context “having to do sth.” overcomes temporary emotional and motivational aspects.

http://matel.professional-learning.eu

Acknowledgements:

Picture: poisson rouge sautant d'un aquarium © Simon Coste #543847 – fotolia.com

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