Motivation & Emotion in Everyday Life

Mrs. Hensley

AP Psych

Motivational Concepts Motivation: a need or desire that energizes

behavior and directs it toward a goal “the intense love and joy Ralston felt

demonstrate the close ties between our emotions and our motivated behaviors

Our motivations arise from the interplay of nature and nurture

3 perspectives psychologists use to understand motivated behaviors Drive reduction theory Arousal theory A hierarchy of needs

Question??

For each motive-”how are we pushed by our inborn bodily needs and pulled by incentives in the environment?

Drive Reduction Theory Makes 3 assumptions:

We have physiological needs such as the need for food or water

If a need is not met, it creates a drive, an aroused, motivated state such as hunger or thirst

That drive pushes us to reduce the need by eating or drinking-for example Homeostasis: our body’s natural tendency to

maintain a steady internal state (staying the same)

Incentives

Arousal theory

Arousal=energy/tense Some motivated behaviors increase arousalExamples???

A Hierarchy of Needs

Some needs are more important than others

Abraham Maslow viewed human needs as a pyramidDiscuss hierarchy

HungerNeed to belong

Emotion, Arousal, Behavior & Cognition Motivated behavior is often connected to powerful

emotions Emotions are our body’s adaptive response,

supporting our survival When we face challenges, emotions focus our

attention and energize our action Heart races, pace quickens, etc. Emotions are a mix of:

Bodily arousal Expressive behaviors Conscious experiences

Assignment Provide adequate explanation of the following:

What physiological factors cause us to feel hungry?

How do psychological, biological, cultural, and situational factors affect our taste preferences and eating habits?

What factors predispose some people to become and remain obese?

What evidence points to our human need to belong?

How does social networking influence us?

Explain the theories of emotion and provide an example of each:

James lange theory

Cannon-bard

Scachter-singer

Zajonc;ledoux

Lazarus

Assignment cont’d

What are some basic emotions? Hat is the link between emotional arousal and

the autonomic nervous system? How do we communicate nonverbally? How do

women and men differ in these abilities? How are nonverbal expressions of emotion

understood within and across cultures? How do facial expressions influence our

feelings?