Motivation and Personality — the Humanistic Perspectives.
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Transcript of Motivation and Personality — the Humanistic Perspectives.
A need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal
Instincts Drives and incentives Drive-reduction theory homeostasis, incentive
Optimum arousal exploration—driven by curiosity
Personality Theory: The Humanistic Perspective
Instead of driven by drives or instincts, we human being are pulled by a hierarchy of instinctoid needs or motives
Backgrounds The “third force” Western culture, philosophy and
modern physics Focus on mental capabilities
that set human apart Focus on meaning instead of
objectivity Pay more attention on our value,
dignity, and the whole person—self actualization
The higher the motives, the later it appears in the progress of evolution
It is also true in the individual’s development (phylogeny-ontogeny)
Higher order needs have nothing to do with survival
Prerequisites are needed to satisfy the high order motives, but it can achieve happiness, peace, and colorful spiritual life
Deficiency orientation — the preoccupation with perceived needs for material things
Deficiency-oriented people come to see life as a meaningless exercise in disappointment and boredom, and they may begin to behave in problematic ways
Growth orientation — growth-oriented people do not focus on what is missing, but draw satisfaction from what they have, what they are, and what they can do……people feel joy, even ecstasy, in the mere fact of being alive, being human, and knowing that they are utilizing their fullest potential
Self-actualizing persons
They are people with exceptional healthy personalities, marked by continued personal growth
Characteristics of self-actualizing people
Clear, efficient perception of reality and comfortable relations with it
Comfortable acceptance of self, others, and the nature
Spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
Problem or task centering (having something outside themselves they “must” do as a mission)
Detachment and need for privacy
Autonomy, independence of culture and environment
Continued freshness of appreciation
Feelings of kinship and identification with the human race (or fellowship with humanity)
Strong friendships, but limited in number
Democratic character structure Ethical discrimination between
good and evil Philosophical, unhostile sense
of humor Balance between polarities in
personality Creativity