Motivation
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Transcript of Motivation
What Is Motivation?• Motivation is an important factor which
encourages persons to give their best performance and help in attaining organizational goals.• Motivation is what causes us to act,
whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge.
DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION According to Brech, ”Motivation is a
willingness to expand energy to achieve a goal or a reward.”
Characteristics of motivation• Energetic force• Internal feeling• Goal oriented• Both positive and negative• Motivation in totality• Motivations change• Complex process
Importance of Motivation
• Satisfaction of needs• Job satisfaction• Productivity• Reduction in labour turnover and
absenteeism• Acceptance of organization changes• Increase in all round efficiency• Better use of resources• Creates friendly work environment
Causes of low Motivation level
• Work is inadequately divided.• One employee is getting higher pay for
doing less important work compare to one who is doing more quality work and getting less salary.
• If a worker is not well, physically or mentally.
• When there is no chance of promotion.• If the employee does not get any sense
of achievement while working in the organization.
Factors improving Motivation
• Two way communication• Proper incentive system• Human relation approach•Welfare schemes• Participation in management• Improve worker’s training
Abraham Maslow He described how different
needs have greater priority than others. When he did, he found that our needs can be understood better by arranging them in the order of their importance, in our lives.
What Is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory?
• Maslow was a psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs:
1. Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, cloths, sleep, etc.
2. Safety needs – pension for old age, insurance plan, compensation for lay off , etc.
• 3. Belongingness or social needs – love, work group, family, affection, relationships, etc.
• 4. Esteem needs - self-respect, achievement, self-confidence, status, appreciation, managerial responsibility, etc.• 5. Self-Actualization needs -
realizing personal potential, self-development, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.
Three basic ingredients of Maslow’s theory :1) A man is a social animal. He always want
more and more. His needs are of many types.
2) There is a hierarchy of those needs i.e. these needs are arranged in series of preference. After the low needs are satisfied, the needs at higher level take their place. A man whose stomach is full becomes conscious of other needs.
3) A satisfied need can never work as a motivator. Only those needs which are not satisfied act as a motivator.
What Is Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?
• Frederick Herzberg’s an American psychologist who became one of the most influential names in business management.
• Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, also known as the two-factor theory proposes that:– Intrinsic factors are related to job
satisfaction and motivation–Extrinsic factors are associated with
job dissatisfaction
He found that there are two sets of needs :
• Hygiene Factors–Factors that eliminate job dissatisfaction but don’t motivate.
• Motivational factors–Factors that increase job satisfaction and motivation
What Are McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y?
Douglas McGregor was a Management professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He also taught at the Indian Institute of Management ,Calcutta
McGregor is best known for proposing two assumptions about human nature:
• Theory X– The assumption that employees dislike work, are
lazy, avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to work
• Theory Y– The assumption that employees are creative,
enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction
Comparison Theory X Theory Y1. Communication One way Two way 2. Planning Top management
does itInvolvement of all
3. Decision-making At top level Involvement of all4. Management Autocratic Democratic 5. Delegation and Decentralization
Minimum Maximum
6. Direction and control
From the top Self-control and self-direction
7. Assumption regarding people
Dislike work Like work
8. Assumption regarding responsibility
Dislike responsibility Accept and seek responsibility
9. Response to change
Resistant to change They recognize and accept changes
10. Creativity assumption
People lack creativity They possess creative potential
Methods Of Motivation• Financial Motivation• Non Financial Motivation Participation Job enrichment Integrating the
communication flow Positive reinforcement Terms of employment Favorable work
environment