MOTIVATION

Motivation is the process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals.

Meaning

Motivation is an internal feelingMotivation produces goal directed behaviour

Motivation contains system orientation

Motivation either positive or negative

Primary & Secondary Motivation

Features of Motivation

Productive use of resourcesIncreased efficiency and outputAchievement of goalsDevelopment of friendly relationship

Stability in workforce

Importance of Motivation

Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory Alderfer’s ERG Theory Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory Theory X And Theory Y

Theories Of Motivation

Abraham Harold Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) wasan American psychologist who was best known for creatingMaslow’s hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological healthpredicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization

Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory

Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory

Clayton Alderfer’s modified need hierarchy collapses Maslow’s five hierarchical levels into three :

E - Existence needs R - Relatedness needs G - Growth needs

Alderfer’s ERG Theory

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

Theory X Assumptions

Employees inherently dislike work and will try to play

Since employees dislike work, they must be coerced, controlled and threatened with punishment to achieve goals

Employees will shirk responsibilities and seek formal direction whenever possible

Most employees wants security above all in their work and display little ambition

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

Theory Y Assumptions Employees can view work as being as natural

as rest or avoid it People will exercise self direction and self

control if they are committed to the objectives Under proper conditions, employees do not

avoid responsibility People want security but also have other needs

such as self-actualisation and esteem

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