Motivating Yourself and Others

The Complex Nature of MotivationIt is the influences that account for the

initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior

Motivation Is Two-Dimensional

Internal motivation comes when work is meaningful or gives sense of purpose

External motivation is an action taken by another person

Motivation to Satisfy Basic DesiresEverything we experience as meaningful can

be traced to one of sixteen basic desires or combinations of desires

The challenge is to determine which five or six (core values) are most important to you

Figure 7.1 Sixteen Basic Desires in the Reiss Profile

Characteristics of MotivesThe “why” of human behaviorFive characteristics of motives:

individualisticchangingmay be unconsciousare often inferredare hierarchical

Influential Motivation TheoriesMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsHerzberg’s Motivation-Maintenance TheoryThe Expectancy TheoryMcGregor’s Theory X and Theory YThe Goal-Setting Theory

Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsPeople tend to satisfy their needs in a

particular order, “The Hierarchy of Needs”Theory has three main assumptions

People have a number of needs that require some measure of satisfaction

Only unsatisfied needs motivate behaviorNeeds are ordered according to prepotency

Figure 7.2 - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological Needs

Safety and Security Needs

Social or Belongingness Needs

Esteem Needs

Self-Actualization Needs

Maslow’s Theory Reconsidered

Table 7.1

Herzberg’s Motivation-MaintenanceTheoryMaintenance factors includethings people consider essential to any job

Motivational factors are benefits above and beyond the basic elements of a job

Table 7.2

The Expectancy TheoryBased on assumption that motivation is tied

to whether one believes success is possible

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory YManagers who are in charge of motivating

their employees are divided into two groups, Theory X and Theory Y

The Goal-Setting TheoryGoals tend to motivate in four ways

provide purpose by directing attention to a specific target

encourage to make the effort to achieve something specific

requires sustained effort and therefore encourages persistence

connects the dream and reality

Figure 7.3 - A Model of How Goals Can Improve Performance

Contemporary Employee Motivation StrategiesMotivation strategies:

Through job designThrough incentivesThrough learningThrough empowermentThrough others’ expectations

Motivation Through Job Design

Motivation Through Incentives

Motivation Through LearningOpportunities

Motivation Through Empowerment

Motivation Through Others’Expectations

Motivating the GenerationsFuture majority of workforce will be

Generation X and Y

Figure 7.4 - Motivational factors for generations

Self-Motivation StrategiesNurture a gritty natureGo outside your comfort zoneStrive for balance Take action