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![Page 1: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Moscow State
University
& JINR -Dubna
Alexander Studenikin
“Particle Physics and Cosmology”XXIII Rencontres de Blois
31/05/2011
New bounds on neutrino magnetic moments
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Outline
Neutrino magnetic moments
(critical) comments on recently obtained and published experimental bounds on
… the claim that experimental bounds on
can be significantly improved if atomic ionization mode
in scattering is accounted for …
ν-e
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K.Kouzakov, A.Studenikin, “Magnetic neutrino scattering on atomic electrons revisited”Phys.Lett. B 105 (2011) 061801, arXiv: 1011.5847
“Electromagnetic neutrino-atom collisions: The role of electron binding” to appear in Nucl.Phys.B (Proc.Supp.) 2011 (Proc. of Neutrino Oscillation Workshop 2010)
K.Kouzakov, A.Studenikin, M.Voloshin, “Neutrino-impact ionization of atoms in search for neutrino magnetic moment”, arXiv: 1101.4878, 25 Jan 2011 Phys.Rev.D (2011) , accepted for publication“On neutrino-atom scattering in searches for neutrino magnetic moments” arXiv: 1102.0643, 3 Feb 2011 Nucl.Phys.B (Proc.Supp.) 2011 (Proc. of Neutrino 2010 Conference)“Testing neutrino magnetic moment in ionization of atoms by neutrino impact”, arXiv: 1105.5543, 27 May 2011JETP Lett. 93 (2011) 699
M.Voloshin, “Neutrino scattering on atomic electrons in search for neutrino magnetic moment”Phys.Rev.Lett. 105 (2010) 201801, arXiv: 1008.2171
![Page 4: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outline (II)
A short review on neutrino electromagnetic properties ( including magnetic moments )
Conclusions
![Page 5: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
C.Giunti, A.Studenikin : “Theory and phenomenology of neutrino electromagnetic properties” Rev.Mod.Phys. (in preparation)
Carlo Giunti, Alexander Studenikin :“Neutrino electromagnetic properties” Phys.Atom.Nucl. 73, 2089-2125 (2009) arXiv:0812.3646 v5, Apr 12, 2010
A.Studenikin : “Neutrino magnetic moment: a window to new physics” Nucl.Phys.B (Proc.Supl.) 188, 220 (2009)C. Giunti, A. Studenikin :“Electromagnetic properties of neutrinos” J.Phys.: Conf.Series. 203 (2010) 012100 arXiv:1006.3646 June 8, 2010
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Why
magnetic moment of ?
![Page 7: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
electromagnetic properties of
…Why
provide a kind of
window / bridge to
NEW Physics ?
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… in spite of
results of terrestrial laboratory experimentson EM properties
as well as
data from astrophysics and cosmology
are in agreement with “ZERO” EM properties
… However, in course of recent development of knowledge on mixing and oscillations,
![Page 9: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
… a tool for studying physics beyond the Standard Model…
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… much greater values are desired
for astrophysical or cosmology
visualization of
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…the present status…
to have visible
is not an easy task for
theoreticians
and experimentalists
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electromagnetic properties
… puzzling
something that is tiny or probably even does not exist at all…
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exhibits unexpected properties (puzzles)
E.Fermi, 1933
Pauli himself wrote to Baade:
“Today I did something a physicist should never do.I predicted something which will never be observedexperimentally...".
“ “…recent claim for new experimentalbound on (with atomic ionization effect) continue chain of puzzles…
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electromagnetic vertex function
Matrix element of electromagnetic currentis a Lorentz vector
should be constructed using
vectors and
matrices
tensors
q
p´ p
Lorentz covariance (1)and electromagneticgauge invariance (2)
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1) CP invariance + hermiticity = 0 ,
Matrix element of electromagnetic current between neutrino states
,
where vertex function generally contains 4 form factors
dipole1. electric
4. anapole 2. magnetic
3. electric
Dirac
Hermiticity and discrete symmetries of EM current put constraints on form factors
EM properties a way to distinguish Dirac and Majorana
2) at zero momentum transfer only electric charge and magnetic momentcontribute to ,
3) hermiticity itself three form factorsare real: .
Majorana1) from CPT invariance (regardless CP or CP ) .
= 0 …as early as 1939, W.Pauli…
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In general case matrix element of can be considered between different initial and final states of different masses
and
form factors are matrices in mass eigenstates space.
Dirac
1) hermiticity itself does not apply restrictions on form factors,
o
( off-diagonal case )
2) CP invariance + hermiticity
,
are relatively real (no relative phases) .
Majorana
1) CP invariance + hermiticity
or
… beyond SM…
… quite differentEM properties …
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… for non-diagonal = transitional
If diagonal
were confirmed
then
Dirac
Majorana
… importance of studies…
… progress in experimental studies of
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magnetic moment in experiments
Samuel Ting ( wrote on the wall at Department of Theoretical Physics of Moscow State University ) :
“Physics is an experimental science”
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Studies of ν-e scattering - most sensitive method of experimental
investigation of
Cross-section:
where the Standard Model contribution
T is the electron recoil energy and
for anti-neutrinos
to incorporate charge radius:
![Page 21: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
from A.Starostin
Magnetic moment contribution is dominated at low electron
recoil energies when and… the lower the smallest measurable electron recoil energy is, the smaller values of can be probed in scattering experiments …
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MUNU experiment at Bugey reactor (2005)
TEXONO collaboration at Kuo-Sheng power plant (2006)
GEMMA (2007)
BOREXINO (2008)
GEMMA I 2005 - 2007
Montanino,Picariello,Pulido, PRD 2008
…was considered as the world best constraint…
based on first release of BOREXINO data
![Page 23: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
GEMMA (2005-2008)Germanium Experiment on measurement
of Magnetic Moment of Antineutrino JINR (Dubna) + ITEP (Moscow) at Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant
A.Beda et al, Phys.Atom.Nucl.Lett. 7 (2010) 406
result known since 2009: A.Beda, E.Demidova, A.Starostin et al,
arXiv:09.06.1926 , June 10, 2009,
A.Beda, V.Brudanin, E.Demidova et al, in: “Particle Physics on the Eve of LHC”,
ed. A.Studenikin, World Scientific (Singapore),
p.112, 2009 (13th Lomonosov Conference) www.icas.ru
…till 13 January 2010 and again since autumn 2010 best limit on magnetic moment
![Page 24: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
… quite recent claim that ν-e cross section should be increased by Atomic Ionization effect:
H.Wong et al. (TEXONO Coll.), arXiv: 1001.2074, 13 Jan 2010, reported at Neutrino 2010 Conference(Athens, June 2010), PRL 105 (2010) 061801
?
…new bounds …
![Page 25: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
H.Wong et al., (TEXONO Coll. ), arXiv: 1001.2074, 13 Jan 2010, PRL 105 (2010) 061801
A.Beda et al.(GEMMA Coll. ),arXiv: 1005.2736, 16 May 2010
…much better limits on effective magnetic moment …
Neutrino 2010 Conference, Athens
… atomic ionization effect accounted for …?
?
… ν-e scattering on free electrons … (without atomic ionization)
… however …
… atomic ionization effect accounted for …
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K.Kouzakov, A.Studenikin, “Magnetic neutrino scattering on atomic electrons revisited”Phys.Lett. B 105 (2011) 061801, arXiv: 1011.5847
“Electromagnetic neutrino-atom collisions: The role of electron binding” to appear in Nucl.Phys.B (Proc.Supp.) 2011 (Proc. of Neutrino Oscillation Workshop 2010)
K.Kouzakov, A.Studenikin, M.Voloshin, “Neutrino-impact ionization of atoms in search for neutrino magnetic moment”, arXiv: 1101.4878, 25 Jan 2011 Phys.Rev.D (2011) , accepted for publication“On neutrino-atom scattering in searches for neutrino magnetic moments” arXiv: 1102.0643, 3 Feb 2011, Nucl.Phys.B (Proc.Supp.) 2011 (Proc. of Neutrino 2010 Conference)“Testing neutrino magnetic moment in ionization of atoms by neutrino impact”, arXiv: 1105.5543, 27 May 2011JETP Lett. 93 (2011) 699
M.Voloshin, “Neutrino scattering on atomic electrons in search for neutrino magnetic moment”Phys.Rev.Lett. 105 (2010) 201801, arXiv: 1008.2171
![Page 27: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
M.Voloshin, 23 Aug 2010;K.Kouzakov, A.Studenikin, 26 Nov 2010;H.Wong et al, arXiv: 1001.2074 V3, 28 Nov 2010
No important effect of Atomic Ionization on cross
section in experiments once all
possible final electronic states accounted for
![Page 28: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
p→
p→'
q→
energy and spatial momentum transfer from neutrinos to atomic electrons
Four momentum transferq = p – p '
scattering on atoms (Ge) at low energy transferT ~ few keV and lower so that for most of reactorGe atom recoil energy ,
interaction with nucleus is neglected
scattering on atomic e is important:
Kouzakov, Studenikin, 2010;Kouzakov,Studenikin,Voloshin, 2011
Neutrino-impact ionization of atoms in in serarch for
![Page 29: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Double differential ν-e cross section
summ is over all states of electron system, initial state
where dynamical structure factor (Van Hove, 1954)
and
Kouzakov, Studenikin, 2010;Kouzakov,Studenikin,Voloshin, 2011
Fourier transforms of electron density and current
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For single-differential inclusive cross section measured in experiment
transversal contribution
practically for most
is negligible SM electroweak contribution to cross section
nonrelativistic limitFor free electron
… the same for electron bound in atom …
,
free electron approximation is valid
(ν-e scattering on free electrons)
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GEMMA (2005-2008)Germanium Experiment on measurement
of Magnetic Moment of Antineutrino JINR (Dubna) + ITEP (Moscow) at Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant
A.Beda et al, Phys.Atom.Nucl.Lett. 7 (2010) 406
result known since 2009: A.Beda, E.Demidova, A.Starostin et al,
arXiv:09.06.1926 , June 10, 2009,
A.Beda, V.Brudanin, E.Demidova et al, in: “Particle Physics on the Eve of LHC”,
ed. A.Studenikin, World Scientific (Singapore),
p.112, 2009 (13th Lomonosov Conference) www.icas.ru
…till 13 January 2010 and again since autumn 2010 best limit on magnetic moment
![Page 32: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Conclusions
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anapole
chargedipole magnetic and electric
EM properties a way to distinguish Dirac and Majorana ( ):
Limits from reactor ν-e scattering experiments (2009, 2010):
A.Beda et al. (GEMMA Coll.)
e.m. vertex function
4 form factors
Limits from astrophysics, star cooling (1990):
G.Raffelt
electrically millicharged
In extensions of SM
enhancement of magnetic moment , even
![Page 34: Moscow State University & JINR - Dubna Alexander Studenikin “Particle Physics and Cosmology” XXIII Rencontres de Blois 31/05/2011 New bounds on neutrino.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649dd35503460f94ac9ebe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
is “presently known” to be in the range
provides a tool for exploration possible physicsbeyond the Standard Model
Due to smallness of neutrino-mass-induced magnetic moments,
any indication for non-trivial electromagnetic properties of , that could be obtained within reasonable time in the future,
would give evidence for interactions beyond extended Standard Model
11