Morphology (Tutorial 4)

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By Team Woosh

Question 1

Syllables ≠ Morphemes

Syllables ≠ Morphemes Morphemes:

- Smallest unit of words that carries meaning or function Syllables:

- Rhythmic units of speech Limerick:

- Five line poem with strict rhyme scheme- Rhyme at first two lines with last and the third and fourth line- AABBA

Syllables ≠ Morphemes

Hen VS Wren Beard VS Feared

Syllables ≠ Morphemes

Hen- Syllables: Hen- Morphemes: Hen

Wren- Syllables: Wren- Morphemes: Wren

Syllables ≠ Morphemes

Beard- Syllables: Beard- Morphemes: Beard

Feared- Syllables: Feared- Morphemes: Fear-ed

Feared

Fear -ed

Question 3

Structural Ambiguity

Structural Ambiguity• Structural Ambiguity

• More than one structure available for a complex expression• Eg. Unlockable

• Lexical Ambiguity• Multiple meanings of a single item• Eg. Bank Lexical

Ambiguity

Structural Ambiguity

Structural Ambiguity

i) Unlockable: - not able to be locked

ii) Unlockable: - able to be unlocked

unlockable

un- -lockable

lock- -able

unlockable

unlock- -able

un- -lock

Structural Ambiguity

unlockable

un- -lockable

lock- -able

unlockable

unlock- -able

un- -lock

BASE!

Question 2

Morphological Trees

Question 2a

Adj

unbelievable

un believable

believe able

Af

RootAf

Adj

Verb

* Unbelieve Unbearable Unsubscribe Unbolt

Question 2b

industrialize ation

industry

lizeindustrial

ial

IndustrialzationBase

Adj

Base

Verb

Noun Root

Af

Af

Noun

Af

Question 2c

Nuclear Physicist

nuclear physicistWord

physics ist

Base

Af

Adj

Noun

Noun

Noun

Root

Question 2d

McCainiac

McCain iac

Noun

Noun

Root

Brainiac Maniac Insomniac Cardiac (Adj)

http://www.imakenews.com/lweaver/e_article001202442.cfm?x=bdhk3s9,b4wmV4K7,w

Question 2eN-N Compounding

microwave ability

micro wave able ity

Noun

NounNoun

WordWord

AfAf RootRoot

AdjNoun

Microwavability

Question 4a (a) tabeta (b) aketa (c) tabesaseta (d) akesaseta (e) taberareta (f) akerareta

(g) tabesaserareta(h) akesaserareta(i) tabesasenai(j) tabenai(k) tabesaserareru

Question 4a (a) tabeta (b) aketa (c) tabesaseta (d) akesaseta (e) taberareta (f) akerareta

(g) tabesaserareta(h) akesaserareta

Past - ta

Question 4a (a) tabeta (b) aketa (c) tabesaseta (d) akesaseta (e) taberareta (f) akerareta

(g) tabesaserareta (h) akesaserareta (i) tabesasenai (j) tabenai (k) tabesaserareru

“open” - ake “eat” - tabe

Question 4a

(e) taberareta – ‘X was eaten’ (f) akerareta – ‘X was opened’ (g) tabesaserareta – ‘X was made to eat Y’

(h) akesaserareta – ‘X was made to open Y’

Passive Marker - rare

Question 4a

Causative Marker - sase

(c) tabesaseta – ‘X made Y eat Z’ (d) akesaseta – ‘X made Y open Z’ (g) tabesaserareta – ‘X was made to eat Y’ (h) akesaserareta – ‘X was made to open Y’

(i) tabesasenai – ‘X doesn’t/won’t make Y eat Z’

(k) tabesaserareru – ‘X is/will be made to eat Y’

Question 4a

Negative Marker - nai

(i) tabesasenai – ‘X doesn’t/won’t make Y eat Z’ (j) tabenai – ‘X doesn’t/won’t eat Z’

Question 4a

Non-Past Marker - ru

(k) tabesaserareru – ‘X is/will be made to eat Y’

Question 4b(i)Firstly, compare (a) to (k)

(a) tabeta (b) aketa (c) tabesaseta (d) akesaseta (e) taberareta (f) akerareta

(g) tabesaserareta (h) akesaserareta (i) tabesasenai (j) tabenai (k)tabesaserareru

Question 4b(i)Firstly, compare (a) to (k)

Root (ake, tabe) is always the first in the verb

(a) tabeta (b) aketa (c) tabesaseta (d) akesaseta (e) taberareta (f) akerareta

(g) tabesaserareta (h) akesaserareta (i) tabesasenai (j) tabenai (k)tabesaserareru

Question 4b(i)

(a) tabeta (b) aketa (c) tabesaseta (d) akesaseta

(e) taberareta (f) akerareta (g) tabesaserareta (h) akesaserareta

Question 4b(i)

(a) tabeta (b) aketa (c) tabesaseta (d) akesaseta

(e) taberareta (f) akerareta (g) tabesaserareta (h) akesaserareta

Past (ta) would always bein the last position

Question 4b(i)

• Then (g) and (h)..

(g) tabesaserareta (h) akesaserareta

Question 4b(i)

• Then (g) and (h)..

(g) tabesaserareta (h) akesaserareta

Sase: CausativeRare: Passive

Causative before Passive

Question 4b(i)

• And finally, putting them together..

Root - FirstCausative - SecondPassive - ThirdPast - Last

Answer: Root, Causative, Passive, Past

Question 4b(ii)

(k) tabesaserareru

Looking at (k),

Last – RUCausative would come before the non-past

Question 4b(ii)

So, putting them together..

Root - FirstCausative - SecondNon-Past - Last

Answer: Root, Causative, Non-Past

Question 4b(iii)

Looking at (I) and (j), (i) tabesasenai (j) tabenai

Question 4b(iii)

Looking at (I) and (j), (i) tabesasenai (j) tabenai

Negative is always lastHence causative between root and negative

Question 4b(iii)

So, putting them together..

Root - FirstCausative - SecondNegative - Last

Answer: Root, Causative, Negative

Question 4c(i)•

'(She) will make (him) open (them).'

RU SASE AKE

Answer: Akesaseru1st: Root (open)2nd:Causative (make)3rd: Passive4th: Past/Non-Past

Question 4c(ii)

'(He) will be made to open (them).'

RU SASERARE AKE

Answer: Akesaserareru1st: Root (open)2nd:Causative (made to)3rd: Passive4th: Past/Non-Past

Question 4d(i)

• Uketa = (She) took (a test)

Uke = Take Ta = Past

Question 4d(i)

• '(She) was made to take (a test).'

TA SASERARE UKE

Answer: Ukesaserareta1st: Root (take)2nd:Causative (made)3rd: Passive4th: Past/Non-Past (was)

Question 4d(ii)

'(She) makes (him) take (a test).'

SASERU UKE

Answer: Ukesaseru1st: Root (take)2nd:Causative (makes)3rd: Passive4th: Past/Non-Past

Question 4d(iii)

'(She) will not take (a test).'

NAI UKE

Answer: Ukenai (?)

Proudly Presented By..

Team WOOSH!

Zack, Will, Zu Mei, Chun Qian