Morphology of tagalog
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Morphology (Tagalog)Combo, Jasmine
PenielGatdula, Harry
Santelices, Andrew
BSCS3-3
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•The study of the structure of words & how
words are formed.
•Morpheme: The smallest unit of language that carries meaning (maybe a word or
not a word)
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VariationVA R I AT I O N I N L E X I C O N S
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Languages continuously change because it is a living organism. New words and new uses are being coined at a furious rate to describe new inventions and new experiences.
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As always, new words are being created at the frontiers of science, industry, culture and society. So, aside from the geographical regional varieties we have also other varieties such as the academe/professional variety or speech registers.
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The Filipino Visayan variety has the influence of the regional languages in the area such as Cebuano, Ilongo/Hiligaynon, Kiniray-a, Waray, Samarnon, Aklanon, etc., speakers of these languages would prefer the use of prefix mag in place of the Tagalog suffix um.
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magdating (in place of dumating) to arrive
nagkain (in place of kumain) ate
magbasa (in place of bumasa) to read
mag-ulan (in place of umulan) rainedmagkain (in place of kakain) will eat
Hence they will use:
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Meanwhile, a positive effect on Filipino, as the national language on lingua franca of the Philippines will be the infusion/eventually integration of some words and terms from the Visayan group of languages (Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilongo, Kiniray-a, Samarnon, Waray, Aklanon, etc.) These words and terms are not in the lexicon of the Tagalog-based Filipino. These, they can be a contribution to the development and enrichment of the national language.
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some of these words are the following:
abi-abi (welcome)bana (husband)gintaipan (horizon)kahirup (intimacy)vihud (fish eggs)kamingaw (nostalgia)pagbanlaw (resurrection)pag-uswag (development)tagbalay (host)
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The emergence of the various regional varieties of Filipino from the different ethnolinguistic groups and geographical regions contributed to the development of the national lingua franca and the enrichment of its vocabulary. There is additional contribution of words and terms.
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Hence are some examples:
payao (rice terraces)peyew (rice terraces)bulan (moon)adlaw (sun)aldaw (sun)vihud (fish eggs)cañao (a ritual)higala (a friend)kalinaw (peace)paglaun (hope)
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Still other words from the different varieties of Filipino may end up as synonyms like maganda, magayon, matahum, maanyag.
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English one two four person house
Tagalog isa dalawa apat tao bahay
Tombulu(Minahasa) esa zua (rua) epat tou walé
Central Bikol
saro duwa apat tawo harong
Rinconada Bikol
əsad darwā əpat tawō baləy
Waray usa duha upat tawo balay
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Cebuano usa/isa duha upat tawo bala
y
Hiligaynon isa duha Apat tawo balay
Aklanon isaea, uno
daywa, dos
ap-at, kwatro tawo bae
ay
Kinaray-a sara darwa Apat tawo balay
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Tausug hambuuk duwa upat tau bay
Maranao isa dowa phat taw walay
Kapampangan
metung adwa apat tau bale
Pangasinan sakey dua, duara
apat, apatira too abo
ng
Ilocano maysa dua uppat tao balay
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DerivationAlso known as derivational affixation or
affixation
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-um-
• Added to the verb through affixation or repetition to indicate past, present or future tense.
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Root word
Kain (eat)
Alís (go)
Past tense /Infinitive
Kumain Umálís
Present tense
Kumákain Umáalís
Future tense
Kakain Áalís
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Ma-Added to a noun to change into adjective
Root word Ma-
Gandá (beauty)
Magandá (beautiful)
Yáman (rich)
Mayáman (rich)
Bangó (fragrance)
Mabangó (fragrant)
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compoundingCombine two or more morphemes to form new words
Full and partial compounding
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CompoundingAnak = Child Araw = Day/SunRoot words
combinedNew words
Anak-araw (Maputi)Albino
Bahaghari RainbowSilid-aklatan Library
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ReduplicationFull or partial repetition of a morpheme
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Reduplication
Araw = day Gabi = night
Repetition (must put hyphen)
Meaning
Araw-araw Every dayGabi-gabi Every nightAalis Gomasasaya happy
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References• VARIETIES OF FILIPINO - National
Commission for Culture and the Arts.pdf• "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Tagalog_language&oldid=733514215"• “http://www.cobocards.com/pool/de/list/
Filipino”• "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Filipino_language&oldid=731179318"
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The EndCombo. Gatdula. Santelices. BSCS 3-3
Free Elective 2: Structure of Filipino Language