AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

PROJECT: ANALYSIS OF THE EDUCATION

AND TRAINING SECTOR

COUNTRY: MOROCCO

ECONOMIC AND SECTOR WORK

Drafting

Team

Team Leader: Andr Francis Ndem, Education Economist, OSHD.2

Team Members:

Mr. Borel Anicet Foko Tagne, Education Economist, OSHD.1

Mr. Alain MINGAT, Consultant-Economist, OSHD.2 Sector Director

Mrs. A. Soucat, Director, OSHD Country Director

Mr. N. Matondo-Fundani, ORNB Sector Division Manager, OSHD.2

Mr. B. Savadogo

Peer

Reviewers

Ms. N. D. Yameogo, Senior Research Economist, EDRE.2

Mr. M. C. Guedegbe, Chief Education Analyst, OSHD.2

Mr. M. Gueye, Principal Education Economist, OSHD.2

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

PROJECT : ANALYSIS OF THE EDUCATION

AND TRAINING SECTOR

COUNTRY : MOROCCO

ECONOMIC AND SECTOR WORK

OSHD DEPARTMENT

April 2013

Translated document

Appraisal Team

Regional Director : Mr. N. MATONDO-FUNDANI, Director, ORNB

Sector Director : Mrs. A. SOUCAT, Director, OSHD

Team Leader : Mr. Andr Francis NDEM, Education Economist, OSHD.2

Analysis of the Moroccos education and training system: efficiency and employment challenges

This report was produced by Alain Mingat (Consultant, OSHD), Andr Francis Ndem

(Education Economist, OSHD) and Borel Anicet Foko Tagne (Education Economist, OSHD).

The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not

necessarily reflect the views of the ADB.

This document was prepared by the African Development Bank (ADB). Designations

employed in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the

institution concerning the legal status of any country, or the limitation of its borders. Although

efforts have been made to present reliable information, ADB assumes no responsibility for the

consequences of its use.

The authors would like to thank Leila Jaafor (Social Development Expert, OSHD/MAFO),

Nadab Hathoura Massissou (Education Economist, OSHD), Loubna Bourkane (Development

Economist, OSHD) and Mouhamed Gueye (Education Economist, OSHD) for their various

contributions to the production of this study.

The ADB and the authors of the study would like to thank the following for their institutional

support:

At the Ministry of the Economy and Finance of Morocco: Ms. Maria Oucible, Head of the

Multilateral Financing Division, Ms. Nadia El Andaloussi, Divisional Inspector at the Budget

Department, and Mr. Taoufik Elalj, Head of the Education Service.

At the Ministry of Education: Mr. Abdelhaq El Hayani, Director of Strategy and Planning

Statistics, and Mr. Abdelhak Ghouli, Head of the Planning Division.

At the Ministry of Employment and Vocational Training: Ms. Naima Sabri, Head of the

Studies Division.

At the Ministry of Higher Education and Vocational Training: Ms. Mehdia Haddad, Head of

the Statistical Surveys and Processing Service.

At the Office of the African Development Bank in Morocco: Ms. Amani Abou-Zeid, Resident

Representative, Mr. Boubacar-Sid Barry, Programme Officer, Ms. Inass Benmalek, Secretary,

and Ms. Habiba Ghannami, Secretary.

The peer review was conducted by Nadge Dsire Yameogo, Senior Research Economist

(EDRE.2), Michel Corbin Guedegbe, Chief Education Analyst (OSHD.2), and Mouhamed

Gueye, Principal Education Economist (OSHD.2).

Analysis of the Moroccos education and training system: efficiency and employment challenges

Summary

1. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

2. DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

3. QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS: ENROLMENT SITUATION ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4

4. QUALITATIVE ASPECTS: EMPLOYMENT OF GRADUATES AND APPRENTICESHIP -------------------------------- 5

4.1 Relationship with the labour market -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

4.2 Student achievements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

5. TRANSFORMATION OF RESOURCES INTO OUTCOMES ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9

6. EDUCATION SYSTEM EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MARGINS ------------------------------------------------------ 10

7. IMPROVEMENT OF EMPLOYMENT RATIO----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

8. KEY FINDINGS AND LESSONS FOR THE ADB ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13

BIBLIOGRAPHIY

ANNEXES

List of Tables TABLE 1: TRENDS IN THE SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION BY EDUCATION LEVEL AND DEPENDENCY RATIO, 1970-2030

TABE 2: TRAINING-EMPLOYMENT RATIO; ANNUAL FLOWS BETWEEN 2005 AND 2010

TABLE 3: RATIO OF NUMBER OF HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATES TO NUMBER OF MANAGERIAL JOBS , 2010

TABLE 4: SITUATION OFEXECUTIVE JOBS AND HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATES TABLE 5: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF THE SALARIES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION TEACHERS, 2010

List of Figures FIGURE 1: CROSS-CUTTING ENROLMENT PROFILE, 2000-2005-2010

FIGURE 2: CROSS-CUTTING AND PSEUDO-LONGITUDINAL RETENTION PROFILES FOR 2011

FIGURE 3: OBSERVED AND EXPECTED TRENDS (2012-2020) IN HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLMENTS

FIGURE 4: SITUATION OF EXECUTIVE JOBS AND HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATES

FIGURE 5: AVERAGE ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS; INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON, 2007

FIGURE 6: PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AS % OF GDP, 2010

FIGURE 7: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF QUANTITATIVE (SYSTEM) AND QUALITATIVE (PRIMARY) EFFICIENCY

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i

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

AFD French Development Agency

ANAPEC National Agency for the Promotion of Employment and Skills

ADB African Development Bank

BTS Higher Technical Certificate

MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework

IEC Internal Efficiency Coefficient

CSE Higher Education Council

COMFEMEN Conference of Education Ministers of Countries Using French in Common

EDS Demographic and Health Survey

ENS Higher Teacher Training College

EFA Education for All

HCP High Commission for Planning

IEA International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement

UIS UNESCO Institute for Statistics

MLA Monitoring Learning Achievement

MEF Ministry of the Economy and Finance

MEN Ministry of National Education

MDG Millennium Development Goal

PASEC CONFEMEN Educational Systems Analysis Programme

GDP Gross Domestic Product

SACMEQ Southern African Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality

AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

PCR Primary Completion Rate

GMR Gross Mortality Rate

GER Gross Enrolment Rate

ICT Information and Communication Technologies

TIMSS Trends in Mathematics and Science Study

ARR Average Repetition Rate

NER Net Enrolment Ratio

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities

UNICEF United Nations Childrens Emergency Fund

1

1. Introduction

1.1 This report analyses the characteristics of Moroccos education system within the

national demographic, geographic and economic context. These characteristics concern the

overall funding of the system and modes of operation in different levels of education. They

also concern enrolment outcomes and disparities, student achievement, and employment of

school leavers (particularly young people). As regards employment, the analysis does not

explore the qualitative description of labour demand. It focuses instead on a study of

quantitative situation of enrolment and employment, on the one hand, and the relationship

between these two factors, on th