More Women in the Workforce – Making sense for business and the Economy Irish Presidency 2013 -...
12
Making sense for business and the Economy Irish Presidency 2013 - Gender Equality Conference Dublin Castle 29-30 April Willem ADEMA Senior Economist, Social Policy Division,
description
More Women in the Workforce – Making sense for business and the Economy Irish Presidency 2013 - Gender Equality Conference Dublin Castle 29-30 April . Willem ADEMA Senior Economist, Social Policy Division, OECD. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of More Women in the Workforce – Making sense for business and the Economy Irish Presidency 2013 -...
More Women in the Workforce –
Making sense for business and the Economy
Irish Presidency 2013 - Gender Equality Conference
Dublin Castle 29-30 April
Willem ADEMA Senior Economist, Social Policy Division, OECD
Gender gaps in educational attainment have closed and/or reversed)in OECD countries but…
Proportion of men and women who have a tertiary degree 2010, by age group
AUTBEL CZE
DNKES
T FIN FRA
DEU GRCHUN ISL IRL ITA LU
XNLD NOR
POL
PRT
SVK
SVN ES
PSW
ECHE
TUR
GBR0
10
20
30
40
50
60
AUTBEL CZE
DNKES
T FIN FRA
DEU GRCHUN ISL IRL ITA LU
XNLD NOR
POL
PRT
SVK
SVN ES
PSW
ECHE
TUR
GBR0
102030405060
male 55-64 female 55-64
Source: OECD (2012), Education at a Glance
... despite gains in education, gender employment gaps continue to persist, also through the crisis.
Employment rates by age group and gender, quarterly from 1st quarter 2007 to last quarter 2012
Q1-2
007
Q3-2
007
Q1-2
008
Q3-2
008
Q1-2
009
Q3-2
009
Q1-2
010
Q3-2
010
Q1-2
011
Q3-2
011
Q1-2
012
Q3-2
012
30
35
40
45
50
OECD - Young peopleMen 15-24 Women 15-24
Q1-2
007
Q3-2
007
Q1-2
008
Q3-2
008
Q1-2
009
Q3-2
009
Q1-2
010
Q3-2
010
Q1-2
011
Q3-2
011
Q1-2
012
Q3-2
012
60657075808590
OECD – Working age pop.Men Women
Source: OECD Gender Data Portal, www.oecd.org/gender/data
Women continue to have slower career progression …
Women’s shares in the labour force and senior management in the private sector, 2010
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 270
10
20
30
40
50
60Labour force share Senior manager share%
Source: OECD (2012), Closing the Gender Gap, Act Now
… be predominantly employed in certain economic service sectors…
Feminisation rates of service activities
Whole and retail trade, hotels and restaurants
Health and social work
Finance, intermediation, real estate, renting and business activities
Education
Other community activities, private household with employed persons
Public administration and defense
Transport, storage and communication
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
50
78
45
70
58
46
25%
Source: OECD (2012), Closing the Gender Gap, Act Now
… are less likely to be entrepreneurs...
Employers as a proportion of the employed, by gender, 2010
0
2
4
6
8
10
12Women Men%
Source: OECD (2012), Closing the Gender Gap, Act Now
… and have lower earnings.
Gender pay gap in earnings for full-time employees, 2000 and 2010
AUTBEL CZE
DNK FIN FRA
DEU GRCHUN ISL IRL ITA NOR
POL
PRT
ESP
SWE
CHEGBR
0
10
20
30%
Source: OECD (2012), Closing the Gender Gap, Act Now
• Women are better educated and occupy more highly skilled, better paid jobs than before. It would be more efficient if economies and societies made better use of this through by:
- Labour market institutions that allow swift adjustments of work patterns
- Combined with family-friendly policies (e.g. childcare)…- … while encouraging more equal gender sharing of paid and
unpaid work (tax/ben policy, family policy)- Assessment and monitoring
Policy levers
AUS
AUTBELCAN
CHN DNK
EST
FINFRA DEU
HUN
IRLITA
JPN
KOR
MEX
NLD NZL
NOR
POL PRTSVN
ZAF ESP SWE
TUR
GBR
USAAUS
AUTBEL
CAN
CHN
DNKEST FINFRA
DEU
HUN IRLITA
JPNKOR
MEXNLD
NZL NORPOL
PRT
SVN
ZAF
ESP SWE
TURGBR
USA
0
100
200
300
400
500
20 30 40 50 60 70 80Women employment rate, %
Minutes of unpaid work per day
Female: R² = 0.43 Male: R² = 0.21
Men could do more at home
Unpaid work and female employment rates, recent years
Source: OECD (2012), Closing the Gender Gap Act Now. (www.oecd.org/gender)Source: OECD (2012), Closing the Gender Gap, Act Now
Provide paid employment-protected parental leave and promote more equal use among parents
Paid parental leave (supplementary to paid maternity leave), 2008• Paid parental leave, Evidence suggests :
– extending parental leave entitlements had a small positive effect on the female-to-male employment ratio but only up to two years of leave;
– extending paid parental leave is associated with an increase in the gender pay gap among full-time workers;
• Encourage fathers to take available parental leave, also by reserving part of the parental leave entitlement for their exclusive and non-transferable use.
AUS
AUT
BEL
CAN
CZE
DEU
DNK
FIN
GBRIRL
JPN
KOR
NOR
NZL
SVK
USA
R² = 0.604
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 50 100 150 200Number of paid weeks of parental leave
Gender pay gap age 30-34 %
Source: OECD (2012), Closing the Gender Gap, Act Now
Closing the gaps in participation can help sustain labour force and gdp growth
No change scenarioConvergence in participation ratesConvergence in intensity of labour market participation
35 000
39 000
43 000
47 000 Germany
30 000
34 000
38 000
42 000 United Kingdom
Source: OECD (2012), Closing the Gender Gap, Act Now
THANK YOU and FURTHER READING!
www.oecd.org/gender
