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More than just small scale forest management
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More than just « small-scale forest management »
Geneviève Michon –IRDRobert Nasi – CIFORGérard Balent - INRA
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Farmers and forests
Chestnut forest, Corsica
Mosaic of fields and farmers’ forests Small fragmented rural forest, France
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Argan forest, Marocco
Eucalyptus forest, Timor
Oak parklands, Corsica
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Domestic forest for collection, Sumatra, Indonesia
Farmers’ forest in S&B area, Sumatra, Indonesia
Spared forest Dipterocarp; laos
Village agroforest, West Java, Indonesia
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Humanity and naturality• The material part: ecology, local knowledge and practices
– « Domesticating »: bringing « nature » into the « domestic » human sphere • Domesticating trees• Domesticating ecosystems• Domesticating landscapes
• The immaterial part: the human component of domesticated forests– Economic dimension– Symbolic dimension– Intergenerational linkages: to the ancestors and for the future generations– Political dimension: territory and identity
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Domesticating trees: the visible processes
Grafting selected varietiesPlanting
wildings and varieties
Increasing production through working on the tree form
Western Chestnut
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Domesticating trees: the invisible processesArgan (Argana spinosa) tree and oil in Marocco
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Domesticating ecosystem: manipulating global forest development
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Domesticating ecosystem: manipulating regeneration
« Ingeneering » the ecosystem
Ffilling natural or induced gaps
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Domesticating landscapes: developing infrastructures
Buildings: storing, drying, milling
Terraces
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Domesticating landscapes: introducing rights
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Domesticating landscapes: infrastructures + rights = diversity
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Belonging to the domesticityEconomy: support of livelihoodEconomy: support of livelihood
Patrimony: transgenerational intentions
Symbolism: linking to the immaterial world
TerritoryPolitical dimension
Identity
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And the policy framework ???• The Agriculture / Forest divide: forest or not forest?• Forest policies: do not really acknowledge the multidimensional value
of local forests– Production forests? (not intensive timber production areas, too « degraded »,
timber is minor)– Conservation forests? (not biodiversity sanctuaries: too much humanity: reserve
concept not working)– Social forest? (reluctance for full local rights, authority and legitimacy
recognition)
• Agricultural policies: care for single productions (chestnut, argan oil), not for the maintenance of the forest ecosystem integrity
• Conservation policies: do not care for development and modernization• A bit of everything (production + environment + social)• « Sustainable Development »: a more favorable framework?
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New opportunities, new initiatives
• Community forests• Local product certification (G.I.)• Biodiversity or ethnic products • Environmental services
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Intensive vegetable growing in MaroccoOil palm development in Indonesia
But
• Long term tendancies and global trade policies
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Socio-environmental intensification?