MORE FOOD FROM THE EXISTING LAND RESOURCES Dr. …
Transcript of MORE FOOD FROM THE EXISTING LAND RESOURCES Dr. …
MORE FOOD FROM THE EXISTING LAND RESOURCES
Dr. Muhammad Sarwar
What is the Issue?• Land resources limited or squeezing due to
• More urbanization
• Industrialization
• More mouths to feed due to population increase
• Competition among nations to produce low cost food is increasing
• Nations not self-sufficient in food are not bio-secure
• Food insufficiency can lead to slavery
Need to
• Produce more food
• At low cost
Focus of presentation
• Animal food
• Meat and milk
How to produce more food at low cost?
1. Increase animal number?
But land can’t support more heads!
2. Increase animal productivity? Yes
Produce more from the same land resources
How to increase animal productivity?
This can be done through:
1. Improved genetics of farm animals
2. Better nutrition
Improving Genetics:
Through
• Selection for higher milk and meat within local breeds (Long term planning)
• Importing exotic germ plasm (short term)
Result
More milk and meat through the same land resources
Improved nutrition of farm animals
Why?
Fulfill the nutrient requirements of the animals to produce to their maximum potential
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C P TDN
Mill
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Met
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on
Requirement (MT)
Availability (MT)
%Deficiency
Livestock are getting: 62% of Required CP74% of Required TDN
Existing situationNutrient Availability and Requirement for Livestock in Pakistan
Major Feedstuffs for livestock feeding in Pakistan
51%38%
3%
2% 6%
Fodder/Crop Residue Range Lands/GrazingPost Harvest Grazing Oil SeedsCereal By-products
How to increase nutrient supply to the animals from the existing land resources?
Harvest more nutrient per acre of land for livestock
How to harvest more nutrients from the same land?
More biomass from the same land through:
• Better seed
• Proper use of fertilizers
• Pest control
Nutrient availability changes with age of plant
Harvest the maximum
Conserve Fodder through Hay
Or through Silage
Conserving fodder as hay or silage
• increases land availability for growing more fodder
Wheat straw?
• Low nutrient availability
• Lost during wheat harvesting with Combine Harvester
Nutrient availability from wheat straw can be increased through chemical treatment with Urea
It increase protein and energy availability from the same amount of straw
With Combine Harvester wheat straw is lost
Here is the solution
It is cost effective
Use of cheaper agro-industrial by products
Examples:
Corn steep liquor
Enzose
Recycling of dung or rumen contents as inoculants in animal feed
Judicious use of available nutrients
• Feeding ad libitum is cost effective than feeding at maintenance level
• Results in more daily growth rate
• More meat
• Animals mature early
• Increased productive life
• So feeding cost reduced and feed used more efficiently
• Because more spent on production than on maintenance
Feeding during critical periods
• Feeding during growing period results in more meat
• Feeding before parturition results in more milk post partum
• Feeding just after parturition
MORE FOOD
MEANS
MORE BIO-SECURITY
THANKS