Moral judgment of economic behavior under risk in relation to moral emotions
-
Upload
adelaide-richter -
Category
Documents
-
view
46 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Moral judgment of economic behavior under risk in relation to moral emotions
Moral judgment of Moral judgment of economic behavior under economic behavior under risk in relation to moral risk in relation to moral emotionsemotions
Tadeusz TyszkaAcademy of Entrepreneurship and Management
Tomasz ZaleskiewiczWarsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities
AgendaAgenda
1. Reference to our previous study2. Idea of the present study3. Methodology4. Results5. Discussion
The basic ideaThe basic idea
Some economic decisions are associated not only with financial outcomes (gains/losses) but also with moral outcomes (negative/positive)
EXAMPLEEXAMPLE
Person A faces severe financial problems because he has been fired, has large debts and must provide for a big family. He finds a wallet on the street, containing a substantial sum of money. The owner’s name and address are in the wallet. On the other hand, person A can easily keep the wallet instead of returning it to the owner.
Our previous studyOur previous studyFour economic scenarios that
described people facing a moral conflict (wallet, safety, product, bribe)
Participants asked to judge an immoral behavior
Immoral behavior in two scenarios (bribe, product) blamed more then in two other scenarios (wallet, safety)
Our previous studyOur previous studyHigher level of blame positively
correlated with reaction timeHigher level of blame
insensitivity to quantitative risk parameters (outcomes and probabilities) deontological judgment
Lower level of blame high sensitivity to quantitative risk parameters consequentialistic judgment
A new research questionA new research questionWhere does this difference in
moral judgment come from?Why do people behave as
deontologists in some situations and as consequentialists in other situations?
A possible solutionA possible solutionImmoral behavior can evoke
different level of negative affect. People blame immoral behavior harsher when affect is stronger (Greene et al., 2001; Haidt, 2001; 2003; Kahneman & Sunstein, 2005)
Violating some moral norms can evoke stronger negative affect than violating other moral norms
The hypothesisThe hypothesis
Violating the norm in those scenarios where moral judgments were consistent with the deontological position will evoke stronger negative emotions than violating the norm in scenarios where judgments were consistent with the consequentialist position
The fThe four scenariosour scenarios S1 introducing safety changes in
a factory;S2 returning wallet found on a
street;S3 selling a product that can be
dangerous for consumers;S4 accepting a bribe
Part 1 – self-oriented moral Part 1 – self-oriented moral emotionsemotions
Participants asked to imagine that they were evolved in the scenarios and behaved in an immoral way
P’s asked to evaluate how much guilt, shame or embarrassment they would feel (on a 100-point scale)
Part 2 – others-oriented Part 2 – others-oriented moral emotionsmoral emotions
Participants asked to imagine that they observed immoral behaviors of other people
P’s asked to evaluate how much anger, disgust and contempt they would feel (on a 100-point scale)
Part 1 – Results (self-Part 1 – Results (self-oriented moral emotions)oriented moral emotions)
W al le t S a fe ty P rodu c t B ribe
S CE N A RIO
60
65
70
75
80
85
90A
ve
rag
e a
ffe
cti
ve
ju
dg
me
nt
F(3,243) = 13.136; p < .0001
Part 2 – Results (others-Part 2 – Results (others-oriented moral emotions)oriented moral emotions)
Wallet Safety Product Br ibe
SC EN AR IO
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95A
vera
ge a
ffective judgm
ent
F(3,252) = 42.256; p < .0001
DiscussionDiscussionViolating moral norm when judgment
consistent with deontological position (fast judgment, insensitivity to basic risk parameters) stronger negative affect
Violating moral norm when judgment consistent with consequentialistic position (slower judgment, insensitivity to basic risk parameters) weaker negative affect