Report On

MOODS AND EMOTIONS

PRESENTED TO: Mr. AAMER NADEEM

GROUP NAME: RESPONSIBLE

GROUP LEADER: AKHTAR HUSSAIN CHUGHTAI

PRESENTED BY: ADNAN ASLAM KHAN

MB-09-28

AKHTAR HUSSAIN CHUGHTAI

MB-09-22

MUHAMMAD IHSAN UL HAQ

MB-09-01

NADEEM AKHTAR

MB-09-25

SUBJECT: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

SEMESTER: 3nd MBA (Morning)

January 01, 2011

This modest Endeavour is actually keened to the always uplifted hands of our

“Beloved Parents”

The hands ever praying for us

These hands may never fall down

&

To our

Brothers,

Sisters,

Friends

&

“Well Wisher Mr. Aamer Nadeem”

“And which one of the favors of your Lord that you deny”

All acclamations and appreciations are for Almighty ALLAH, WHO bestowed

mankind with knowledge and wisdom, and granted him vicegerance on earth. All the respect

and honors to Hazart Muhammad (SALLALLA HO ALEHI WA’ALEHI WASLLAM)

a star brightening the path of faith and knowledge, and luminary to truth and justice who

enabled us to recognize our Creator and declared it to be obligatory duty of every Muslim to

acquire knowledge.

We would like to thank our respected teacher Mr. Aamer Nadeem who has given us

this opportunity to explore our skills and made a Report on topic “Emotions & Moods”. He

has given us thorough knowledge and provides deep understanding about “Organizational

Behavior” because of that we are able to complete this report.

How can we overlook to articulate my admiration and unfathomable sagacity of

appreciation from core of our heart to our loving parents who always considered us in their

prayers and bestowed us with this blessing of higher education. Appreciation and thanks to

our brothers and sisters for their excellent co-operation and encouragement.

May ALLAH bestow strength and contentment to all these splendid celebrities (Aamin).

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Emotions are the feelings experienced towards an object, person or event that create a

state of readiness. Emotions tend to last for much shorter periods. Emotions also tend to be

more extreme than moods and temperament, with higher highs and lower lows. We can

become very angry very quickly, though it is difficult to stay very angry and it may subside

into a irritable mood or be replaced by another completely different emotions. Some

examples of a human's common emotions include happiness, sadness, joy, depression, love,

anger, and so on. They can also be divided into positive and negative sub-categories. Moods

are shorter-term emotional states, typically lasting hours, although they can last for days or

longer. A mood dimension is consisted of Positive Emotions such as Excitement,

Cheerfulness at High End and Boredom, Tiredness at Low End. It consists Nervousness,

Stress, and Anxiety at higher end and Relaxation, Tranquility at the Low End. Affect is a

generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience and encompasses

both emotions and moods.. Emotions are caused by significant life events whereas moods

emerge from ill defined, often unknown, causes. There are different dimension of emotions

like variety, intensity, frequency and duration and biology of emotions. Ther are so many

functions of emotions and moods. Emotions communicate information to other people.

Emotions get us ready to act. Emotions deepen our experience of life. Emotions have

different resources. Personality predisposes people to experience certain moods and

emotions. Evidence suggests that whether has little effect on mood. Stress affects emotions

and moods. Sleep also effect emotions. Exercise enhances people’s positive mood. Age and

gender also influence emotions. External constraints like organizations and culture also have

effect on emotions and moods. A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally

desired emotions during interpersonal transactions. Felt emotions are an individual’s actual

emotions. Displayed emotions are those that are organizationally required and considered

appropriate in a given job. AET demonstrates that employees react emotionally to things that

happen to them at work and that this influences their job performance and satisfaction.

Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions.

Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while

other claim it is an inborn characteristic. We are confining our discussion of emotions and

moods by considering their specific application to OB. Selections, leadership, decision

making, motivation, job attitudes and creativity are different fields in which emotions and

moods are applied.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GROUP NAME: RESPONSIBLE.......................................................................................................1

GROUP LEADER: AKHTAR HUSSAIN CHUGHTAI..............................................................................1

Positive and Negative Emotions........................................................................................................8

Positive Emotions..........................................................................................................................8

Negative Emotions........................................................................................................................9

MOODS.............................................................................................................................................9

Mood Emoticons.................................................................................................................................11

FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS.....................................................................................................13

Increasing Your Awareness of Your Emotions....................................................................14

Managing Your Emotions....................................................................................................14

Exercise...............................................................................................................................15

AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY.........................................................................................................18

MYTH OF RATIONALITY

  Organizations have been specifically designed with the objective of trying to control

emotions. A well-run organization was one that successfully eliminated frustration, fear,

anger, love, hate, joy, grief, and similar feelings.

EMOTIONS AND MOODS

EMOTIONS

Emotions Defined

“Feelings experienced towards an object, person or event that create a state of readiness”

Mood and emotion are experienced everyday by every individual. Emotions as

commonly experienced and discussed are different from moods and temperament in several

ways.

First, emotions tend to last for much shorter periods. The delight at being given a

birthday present may subside in minutes as it is replaced by disappointment about a useless

gift. Emotions thus tend to replace one another and it can be difficult to be both happy and

sad (although we may have a good go at it).

Emotions also tend to be more extreme than moods and temperament, with higher

highs and lower lows. We can become very angry very quickly, though it is difficult to stay

very angry and it may subside into a irritable mood or be replaced by another completely

different emotions.

Emotions tend to be very specific, triggered by noticeable events and are immediate

reactions to these and which drive us to particular actions, for example running away from a

snarling dog or going to chat up an attractive other person.

Emotion is a mental state which makes us to feel and behave in a certain way. For

example when we experience the emotion of fear, we feel scared and we flee as a direct

result of it. Our body also responds to the emotions and our physiology changes according to

how we feel. For example we fall sick when we are deeply saddened or we glow radiantly

when we are extremely happy.

In fact, emotions are the most important aspect of our mental life which contributes

to the quality of our existence. Without our emotions, life is not worth living. It's also

important to us how the people whom we deal with feel. We look at each others faces to

judge the moods we are in. We use the expression of our emotion to let others know how we

feel. The true feelings of a human also can be judged by the tone of the voice, bodily posture

and body language.

Some examples of a human's common emotions include happiness, sadness, joy,

depression, love, anger, and so on.

Interestingly, over six hundred English words are used to define human emotions and

forty two facial muscles are used to express emotional states. Online communication can be

difficult without these words and physical indications; this is where emoticons come into

play. The right emoticon or smiley can convey the exact message that you would be sending

in face-to-face communication. We have a broad range of emoticons for this purpose, so feel

free to take your pick. The emoticons have been neatly organized into categories such as

Sad, Angry, Happy, etc so you can easily find the right smiley.

Positive and Negative Emotions

Emotions can be divided into two groups of simple and complex emotions. They can

also be divided into positive and negative sub-categories.

Positive Emotions

Positive emotions that lead one to feel good about one’s self will lead to an

emotionally happy and satisfied adult, whereas if one is always feeling dissatisfied and

unhappy due to feelings of depression, anger, fear or low self esteem will lead to behavioral

problems.

Love is a very basic and necessary emotion. If a child is nurtured in a loving family

where all members respect and love each other, he or she will develop into an adult who

behaves in a manner similar to the behavioral patterns that he or she learned as a child.

If love does not exist in a family and the family is dysfunctional, severe behavioral disorders

can develop in the children. There have been scientific studies done where animals have died

from lack of love and nurturing.

Negative Emotions

If the child is raised in an atmosphere of anger and hostility, that child will develop

into a very troubled adult who thinks that angry and hostile feelings are normal. As an adult,

he or she will have many difficulties in developing an intimate relationship with a partner

and will need to learn what love is and how to respond in a loving manner to a partner.

At that point, he or she will need to learn how to give the love and nurturing feelings

to one’s self before being able to give them to another.

MOODS

Moods are shorter-term emotional states, typically lasting hours, although they can

last for days or longer. For example you may wake up feeling a bit down and stay that way

for most of the day.

We can be sent into a mood by an unexpected event, from the happiness of seeing an

old friend to the anger of discovering betrayal by a partner. We may also just fall into a

mood.

Medical conditions such as depression are not really moods and are typically caused

by a chemical imbalance in the brain. Moods can be caused by shorter-term chemical

imbalances, for example brought on by a poor diet.

Moods are less intense comparing to the simple emotions. Generally, when you are in

a positive emotional state you can say you are in a good mood, and to the contrary, when you

feel negative emotions, you would express yourself by saying that you are in bad mood.

MOODS: POSITIVE and NEGATIVE

Positive Mood

A mood dimension is consisted of Positive Emotions such as Excitement,

Cheerfulness at High End and Boredom, Tiredness at Low End.

Negative Mood

It consists Nervousness, Stress, and Anxiety at higher end and Relaxation,

Tranquility at the Low End. Positive and Negative Mood Affect our Perceptions and

Perception affect the Behavior.

e.g., an unhappy flight attendant

Work Moods

How people feel when they perform their jobs, are more transitory than values and

attitudes, changing from day to day, hour to hour, or minute to minute. Moods are

categorized as either positive or negative. Positive moods include feeling excited,

enthusiastic, active, strong, peppy, or elated. Negative moods include feeling distressed,

fearful, scornful, hostile, jittery, or nervous. Moods can also be less intense. A worker might

simply feel drowsy, sluggish, calm, placid, and relaxed.

Experiencing different moods depends on a worker’s personality and the situation.

Workers high on the trait of positive affectivity experience positive moods at work, whereas

those high on the trait of negative affectivity experience negative moods. Both major and

minor situational factors, such as receiving a promotion or coming to work in bad weather,

can influence a worker’s mood.

Mood has importance consequences for organizational behavior. Research suggests

that positive moods promote creativity, result in helpfulness to coworkers and customers,

and increase the performance of subordinates. Negative moods result in more accurate

judgments (e.g., a performance appraisal). Both positive and negative moods influence

decision making. Because managers can do many things to promote positive moods, work

moods are receiving additional attention from researchers.

AFFECT

Affect is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience

and encompasses both emotions and moods. One way to classify emotions is by whether

they are positive or negative. Positive affect is a mood dimension consisting of positive

emotions such as excitement, self-assurance, and cheerfulness at the high end, and boredom,

sluggishness, and tiredness at the low end. Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of

nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end, and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the

low end.

Mood Emoticons

Angry Emoticons Sad Emoticons

Happy Emoticons Laughing Emoticons

EMOTIONS VS. MOODS

Emotions are caused by significant life events whereas moods emerge from ill defined, often

unknown, causes.

Emotions influence behaviors while mood influences cognitions.

Emotions are short lived events that last seconds or minutes. On the other hand, moods are

mental events that can last hours or days. In short, emotions are less enduring than moods.

Moods tend to be noted as either positive or negative whereas Ekman and Davidson's noted

six basic emotions; fear, anger, disgust, sadness, joy or happiness and interest. These six

basic emotions can also be noted as either positive or negative. Fear, anger, disgust and

sadness are negative emotions and joy/happiness and interest are positive emotions.

Mood is something a person may not express whereas emotions may be expressed.

Emotions are aroused in people by some specific objects or situations. On the other hand,

moods are not created in someone because of any specific object or any particular situation.

For example, if a person gets angry, he expresses that emotion towards someone. If a person

is in a sad mood, he cannot express it to others.

When compared to moods, emotions are more extreme.

MOODS VS. AFFECT

Mood also differs from affect. Mood is an overall state of being, normally referred to as

either positive or negative. Whereas affect is the experience of emotions.

Affect is more commonly seen than moods, normally through facial or vocal expressions or

body gestures.

EMOTIONS AND DIMENSIONS

Variety

There are many emotions. Six universal emotions have been identified: anger, fear,

sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise. Emotions are identified along a continuum from

positive to negative. The closer any two emotions are to each other on this continuum, the

more people are likely to confuse them.

Intensity

People give different responses to identical emotion-provoking stimuli. Sometimes this

can be attributed to personality. People vary in their inherent ability to express intensity from

never showing feelings to displaying extreme happiness or sadness. Jobs make different

intensity demands in terms of emotional labor. For example, air traffic controllers must

remain calm even in stressful situations.

Frequency And Duration

Emotional labor that requires high frequency or long duration is more demanding and

requires more exertion by employees. Whether or not the employee can successfully meet

the emotional demands of a job depends on both the intensity of the emotions displayed and

for how long the effort has to be made.

Biology Of Emotions

Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the

neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant

mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain.

Defined as such, these emotional states are specific manifestations of non-verbally expressed

feelings of agreement, amusement, anger, certainty, control, disagreement, disgust, disliking,

embarrassment, fear, guilt, happiness, hate, interest, liking, love, sadness, shame, surprise,

and uncertainty.

More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly

related to emotion as others are, while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of

greater emotional relevance.

FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS

Charles Darwin

“The expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals”.

He said that Emotions are Useful because they motivate people to engage in actions

important for Survival.

Listed below are some of the very important things that emotions do for us.

Emotions Communicate Information to Other People

Our emotions tell other people how we are feeling. For example, the expression of anger

may tell someone that we should be left alone, or anxiety and sadness may tell someone that

we need help.

Emotions Provide Us with Information

Emotions give us information about our environment. For example, when we experience

anxiety, we are given information that we may be in danger. When we experience anger, we

might be provided with information that we do not have control or that someone has violated

our rights in some way. Our emotions are our bodies' way of communicating with us.

Emotions Get Us Ready to Act

Emotions allow us to respond quickly and motivate us to act in certain ways. Because our

emotions provide us with information about our environment, they also guide us in acting in

ways that are appropriate to the situation. For example, when you sense danger or threat, you

may respond by leaving the situation.

Emotions Deepen Our Experience of Life

Life would be very boring without emotions. We need both our positive (happiness,

excitement, joy) and negative (anger, anxiety, sadness) emotions. We may sometimes wish

that we could get rid of all of our negative emotions; however, the experience of negative

emotions is necessary to make positive emotions feel positive.

Increasing Your Awareness of Your Emotions

Our emotions are necessary and important. However, the only way we can learn from

our emotions is if we have awareness of them when they occur. Therefore, it can be

important to learn ways of increasing your awareness of your emotions. The more aware you

are of your emotions, the better able you will be in hearing what they have to say.

Managing Your Emotions

Now, just because emotions serve an important function does not mean that they

aren't stressful at times. Emotions, especially very intense ones, can be overwhelming.

Therefore, it can be helpful to learn ways to bring down the intensity of emotions so you can

better approach it and learn from it. There are a number of healthy ways of managing your

emotions that can help make your emotions feel less unpredictable and uncontrollable.

Even though emotions may sometimes feel unpleasant, they are all working for us in some

way. By listening to our emotions, we can get some important information about our

environment and ourselves.

SOURCES OF EMOTIONS

Personality

Personality predisposes people to experience certain moods and emotions. Some

people feel guilt and anger more readily than others do. Some people may feel calm and

relaxed no matter whatever the situation is. Microsoft CEO Bill Gates is known for his

relatively distant, unemotional, analytical nature. He rarely displays Anger. Emotions differ

in their Intensity, but people also differ in how predisposed they are to experience emotions

intensely.

Day Of The Week And Time Of The Day

People tend to be in worst moods (Highest negative mood and lowest positive mood)

early in the weekdays and

in their best moods late in the week, especially on the weekends. People are generally in low

spirits early in the morning. During the course of the day our moods tend to improve and

then decline in the evening. Levels of positive mood tend to peak around the halfway point

between Waking and Sleeping

Whether

Evidence suggests that whether has little effect on mood.

Stress

Stress affects emotions and moods.

Social Activities

They increase positive mood and have little effect on negative mood. They also have

Long-term health benefits.

Sleep

Sleep quality affects mood.

Less and Poor Sleep quality, puts people

in a bad mood is because it impairs

decision making and makes it difficult to

control emotions. It also impairs people’s job satisfaction the next day mostly because

people feel fatigued, irritable and Less Alert.

Exercise

Exercise enhances people’s positive mood. While exercise is not, on its own, a

treatment for clinical depression; studies show that exercise can help improve mood

temporarily in depressed individuals. In fact, for people with mild or moderate depression,

30 minutes of intense exercise can be as effective as medication for improving mood. People

who do not respond to depression medications may show improvement in mood when they

exercise.

Age

Emotional experience tends to improve with Ages

that as we get older, we experience fewer negative

emotions.

Gender

Women show greater emotional expression than men and

experience emotions more intensely. Women are better at reading nonverbal cues than

the men. Men and Women are socialized in different ways Women have innate ability to

read others and

present their emotions than do men because Women have a greater need for social approval.

Women

Can show greater emotional expression.

Experience emotions more intensely.

Display emotions more frequently.

Are more comfortable in expressing emotions.

Are better at reading others’ emotions.

Men

Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent with the male image.

Are innately less able to read and to identify with others’ emotions.

Have less need to seek social approval by showing positive emotions.

EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS ON EMOTIONS

Every organization defines boundaries that identify what emotions are acceptable and

the degree to which they can be expressed. The same applies in different cultures.

Organizational Influences

There is no single emotional “set” sought by all organizations.

In the United States, there is a bias against negative and intense emotions. Expressions of

negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, and anger tend to be unacceptable except under

fairly specific conditions.

Consistent with the myth of rationality, well-managed organizations are expected to be

essentially emotion-free.

Cultural Influences

Cultural norms in the United States dictate that employees in service organizations should

smile and act friendly when interacting with customers. But this norm does not apply

worldwide.

Cultures differ in terms of the interpretation they give to emotions. There tends to be high

agreement on what emotions mean within cultures but not between cultures. For example,

smiling is often seen as an expression of happiness by Americans. However, in Israel,

smiling by cashiers is seen as being inexperienced.

Studies indicate that some cultures lack words for such standard emotions as anxiety,

depression, or guilt.

EMOTIONAL LABOR

A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during

interpersonal transactions.

 Emotional labor creates dilemmas for employees when their job requires them to

exhibit emotions incongruous with their actual feelings. It is a frequent occurrence. For

example, when there are people that you have to work with whom you find it very difficult

to be friendly toward. You are forced to feign friendliness.

Another example, if you are a customer service representative, the 50 th person

asking the same question must be answered as thoroughly as you served the first person.

Otherwise, you are not doing your job of providing customer service because that 50 th

person has no idea that you’ve answered the same question 50 times. They just need an

answer.

Felt versus Displayed Emotions

Felt emotions are an individual’s actual emotions.

Displayed emotions are those that are organizationally required and considered appropriate

in a given job. They are learned.

AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY

Understanding emotions at work has been significantly helped by a model called

affective events theory (AET). AET demonstrates that employees react emotionally to things

that happen to them at work and that this influences their job performance and satisfaction.

The theory begins by recognizing that emotions are a response to an event in the

individual work environment. The work environment includes everything surrounding the

job characteristics of the job such as the variety of tasks and degree of autonomy, job

demands, and requirements for expressing emotional labor. This environment created work

events that can be hassles, uplifts, or both.

Examples of events that employees frequently see as hassles are colleagues who

refuse to carry their share of work, conflicting directions by different by different mangers,

and excessive time pressures. Examples of uplifting events include meeting a goal, getting

support from a colleague and receiving recognition for an accomplishment.

Implications of The Theory

In addition, tests of the theory suggest that,

An emotional episode is actually a series of emotional experiences precipitated by a single

event. It reflects elements of both emotions and mood cycles;

Job satisfaction is influenced by current emotions at any given time along with the history of

emotions surrounding the event;

Since moods and emotions fluctuate over time, their effect on performances also fluctuates;

Emotion driven behaviors are typically short in duration and of high variability;

Because emotions tend to be incompatible with behaviors required to do a job, they typically

have a negative influence on job performance (even for positive emotions like happiness and

joy).

EMOTIONAL   INTELLIGENCE

Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate

emotions. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and

strengthened, while other claim it is an inborn characteristic.

Since 1990, Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer have been the leading researchers on

emotional intelligence. In their influential article “Emotional Intelligence,” they defined

emotional intelligence as, “the subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to

monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use

this information to guide one's thinking and actions” (1990).

Salovey and Mayer proposed a model that identified four different factors of

emotional intelligence: the perception of emotion, the ability reason using emotions, the

ability to understand emotion, and the ability to manage emotions.

According to Salovey and Mayer, the four branches of their model are, "arranged

from more basic psychological processes to higher, more psychologically integrated

processes. For example, the lowest level branch concerns the (relatively) simple abilities of

perceiving and expressing emotion. In contrast, the highest level branch concerns the

conscious, reflective regulation of emotion" (1997).

Self-awareness. Being aware of what you are feeling.

Self-management. The ability to manage one’s own emotions and impulses.

Self-motivation. The ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures.

Empathy. The ability to sense how others are feeling.

Social skills. The ability to handle the emotions of others.

OB   APPLICATIONS OF UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONS

We are confining our discussion of emotions and moods by considering their specific

application to OB. we assess how an understanding of emotions and moods can improve our

ability to explain and predict the selection process in organizations, decision making,

creativity motivation, leadership, interpersonal conflict, negotiation, customer service, job

attitudes and deviant workplace behaviors. We also look at how managers can influence our

moods.

Ability and Selection

Emotions affect employee effectiveness. Ability and Selection: People who know their own

emotions and are good at reading others’ emotions may be more effective in their jobs.

Decision Making

Emotions are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations.

Traditional approaches to the study of decision making in organizations have emphasized

rationality. That approach is probably naïve. People use emotions as well as rational and

intuitive processes in making decisions.

Negative emotions can result in a limited search for new alternatives and a less vigilant use

of information.

Positive emotions can increase problem solving and facilitate the integration of information.

Motivation

Emotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked.

Motivation theories basically propose that individuals “are motivated to the extent that their

behavior is expected to lead to desired outcomes.”

The image is that of rational exchange. People’s perceptions and calculations of situations

are filled with emotional content that significantly influences how much effort they exert.

Not everyone is emotionally engaged in their work, but many are.

Leadership

Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.

The ability to lead others is a fundamental quality sought by organizations.

Effective leaders almost all rely on the expression of feelings to help convey their messages

and is often the critical element that results in individuals accepting or rejecting a leader’s

message.

When effective leaders want to implement significant changes, they rely on “the evocation,

framing, and mobilization of emotions.’’

Interpersonal Conflict

Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined.

Whenever conflicts arise, you can be fairly certain that emotions are also surfacing.

A manager’s success in trying to resolve conflicts, in fact, are often largely due to his or her

ability to identify the emotional elements in the conflict and to get the conflicting parties to

work through their emotions.

Deviant Workplace Behaviors 

Negative emotions can lead to employee deviance in the form of actions that violate

established norms and threaten the organization and its members.

Productivity failures

Property theft and destruction

Political actions

Personal aggression

Job Attitudes:

Ever hear the advice “Never take your work home with you, meaning that people should

forget about their work once they go home? As it turns out, that’s easier said than done.

Several studies have shown that people who had a good day at work tend to be in a better

mood at home that evening. And people who had a bad day tend to be a bad mood once

they’re at home. Evidence also suggests that people who have a stressful day at work have

trouble relaxing once they get off work.

Creativity

People who are in good moods are more creative than people in bad moods, say some

researchers. They produce more ideas, others think their ideas are original, and they tend to

identify more creative options to problems.

It seems that people who are experiencing positive moods or emotions are more flexible

and open in their thinking, which may explain why they’re more creative. Supervisors should

actively try to keep employees happy because this will create more good moods. Employees

like their leaders to encourage them and provide positive feedback on a job well done, which

in turn leads people to be more creative.

Some researchers, however, do not believe that a positive mood makes people more

creative. They argue that when people are in positive, moods, they may relax. If in a good

mood, things must be going OK, and must not need to think of new ideas and not engage in

the critical thinking necessary for some forms of creativity. However, this view is

controversial. Until there are more studies on the subject, we can safely conclude that for

many tasks, positive moods increase our creativity.

REFERENCES

Schinnerer, J.L. (2007), Guide to Self: The Beginner's Guide to Managing Emotion and

Thought, Authorhouse

Gratz, K.L. (2009). An Acceptance-Based Emotion Regulation Group Therapy for

Deliberate Self-Harm.

Linehan, M.M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder.

New York, NY: Guilford Press.

INTERNET SOURCES

http://free-books-online.org/management/organizational-behavior

http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_robbins_ob_13/87/22445/5745923.cw/-/5745958/

index.html

http://www.sherv.net/mood-icons.html

http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Motivation_and_emotion/Textbook/Emotion/Mood

http://www.beyond-hearing-voices.com/types-of-emotions.html

http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-mood-and-emotion/

#ixzz19BLQ3vvi

http://psychology.about.com/od/personalitydevelopment/a/emotionalintell.htm

http://www.citeman.com/1623-affective-events-theory/#ixzz19Nyjp0ym