NOTES: CH 44 – Regulating the Internal Environment (Homeostasis & The Urinary System)
Moodle homeostasis notes
Transcript of Moodle homeostasis notes
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Passive vs. Active Transport
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Characteristics needed for transport
1. Size of the molecule
2. Chemical structure of the molecule– Charge and shape
3. Concentration of the molecule
4. Role played by the molecule
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Passive Transport
• Does not require energy (ATP)• Molecules always move from an area of high
concentration to low concentration• Movement goes along with the concentration
gradient
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Passive Transport Examples
• Simple Diffusion– Includes osmosis– Small molecules– Lipid soluble particles– Examples
• Oxygen• Carbon dioxide• Water
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Passive Transport Examples
• Facilitated Diffusion– Assistance in crossing the membrane
• Bigger molecules• Not lipid soluble particles
– Specific carrier proteins• Help molecules cross the membrane• Examples
–Glucose–Other simple sugars
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Passive Transport
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion diffuses molecules faster than simple diffusion.
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Passive Transport Examples
• Ion Channels– Specific channels allows ion cross the
membrane– Open vs. Gated– Examples
• Ions – Calcium (Ca2+), Chloride (Cl-), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+)
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Active Transport
• Does require energy• Molecules usually move from an area of low
concentration to high concentration• Movement goes AGAINST the concentration
gradient
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Active Transport Examples
• Cell membrane pump– Sodium-potassium pump– Carrier protein pump– Carries ions against the concentration
gradient– Must “change shape” to function
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Sodium-potassium pump
• 3 Na+ are pumped outside the cell• 2 K+ are pumped inside the cell• Creates a net positive charge outside the cell
membrane• Animation
( http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/student_resources/shared_resources/animations/ion_pump/ionpump.html )
• Needed for cell to function– Nerve impulse
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Bulk Transport
• Large molecules– Too big to pass through the cell membrane– Molecules will “break through” by forming a
vesicle by either taking a piece of the membrane away or adding a piece back onto the membrane
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Bulk Transport
• Endocytosis– Substances is allowed into the cell– Phagocytosis
• Macromolecules, whole cells or organisms• Solids
– Pinocytosis• Fluids and solutes
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Bulk Transport
• Exocytosis– Substances leaving the cell
• Overall picture
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Membrane Transport
Active Transport
Protein channels
Certain Ions
Non-polar molecules
Water
Facilitated DiffusionSimple Diffusion
Passive Transport
Endocytosis
Pumps
Cotransport
Large Molecules
Pinocytosis Phagocytosis
Exocytosis