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Islam encourages participation of women in socio economic activities. An opposite

perception is not in conformity with guidance provided by Allah in The Holy Quran. It is

notes that Islam protects the woman. Islamic law 1400 years ago, does not deprive a

woman from the right to work within the limits that protect her honor and dignity.

Women empowerment depends on taking part in various development activities. In

other words, the involvement of women in various entrepreneurial activities has

empowered them in social, economic and cultural fields. Muslim women were engaged in

many kinds of trade and they managed business. Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) himself

promoted women in various spheres of activities, trade and commerce was one of them;

his own wife being one of the biggest trader of that time is the testimony to the fact.

History: Early Muslim Female Entrepreneur

The women companions also practiced the practical or survival skills as we know

them today. Agriculture, business, trade and commerce, writing, editing cottage industries

like weaving, manufacture and designing of clothes- all these are mentioned in the

Musnad (collection) of Imam Ahmad.

Women Farmers

Agriculture was practiced mainly in the rural fertile areas around Al-Madina especially

by the women of Al-Ansar.

Sahl Ibn Sa'd, a companion of the Prophet mentioned a woman who had her own

farm. She used to cultivate beets and barley to feed the companions of the Prophet with

it after Friday prayer.

Women Traders

Khadija bint Khuwaylid was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Khadija

was a merchant by inherited of her father. Khadija earned many titles, the most common

three were: A meerat-Quraish (Princess of Quraish) and al-Tahira (The Pure One), and

Khadija Al-Kubra (Khadija the Great) and was said to have had an impeccable character.


Women were never forbidden from trading in Islam. During the Prophet

Muhammad's time there were many well known women traders like Umm Al-Munzir

Bint-E-Qais, Asmah binti Makhzemah bin Jandal and during the rule of Sayyidina Umar,

a woman trader Al-Shifa bint e Muawiz was elected "commandant" of Madinah market

(Abbas, 2012). Other women such as Khaula, Lakhmia, Thaqafia, and Bint Makhramah

traded in oriental oil based perfumes.

Saudah, the Prophet's wife, was an expert in lather tanning skins. She sold her

tanned goods to trading caravans and local men thro ughout Medina. A companion

named Quila said to the Prophet, "I am a woman who buys and sells things." Then she

asked several questions about buying and selling. The wife of 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud met

her expenses by manufacturing and selling handicrafts (Ali, 2011). Clearly, business was

a legitimate activity of the women companions' o f the Prophet.

Women artists:

Some women were very skilled in the art of penmanship and calligraphy. Shifa Binte

A bdullah was celebrated for her skill at this art

Rules Regarding Women Entrepreneurships:

Is lam establ ished the highest r ight of the women, Is lam al low women

entrepreneurship with fulfillment of the rules which protect the women: There are several

guidelines that should be followed:

1. Women must take consent from her guardian or husband (if married), who may ofer

a broader perspective on how her activities may influence the family and its functioning.

2. A woman must ensure that her home and children are properly cared for. Her

husband may be of assistance in this area, or outside help may be employed.

3. Care must be taken to choose the business that is appropriate and fits with her skills.

Obviously, any work that deals with forbidden activities, services, or products would not

be allowed but there is a world of possibilities available.

4. Any activities that prevents her from fulfilling any of her Islamic obligation s, like

Hijaab or Prayer for example, is not an option to be considered.

5. Hijab-Women's Dress in Islam:

Clothing must cover the entire body, only the hands and face may remain visible.

The material must not be so thin that one can see through it.

The clothing must hang loo se so that the shape / form of the body is not apparent.

The female clothing must not resemble the man's clothing.

The design of the clothing must not resemble the clothing of the non believing

women.

The design must not consist of bold designs which attract attention.

Clothing should not be worn for the sole purpose of gaining reputation or increasing

one's status in society. Allah has stated in the Quran that women must guard their


modesty.

Say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their

modesty ; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what must

ordinarily appear thereof. " [Quran : 24.31]

Allah has given us guidance through the Quran and Sunnah, He also given us the

logic and commonsense to apply these in our everyday life. However, Allah is not

unreasonable and understands the mankind's weakness.

Entrepreneurship is a rising trend in present economy and its emphasis is being visible in

recent literature. The current expansion of Islamic banks, financing, and markets across

the world, enhances the development of Islamic entrepreneurship. Islam has always

considered entrepreneurship the most important source of living. Business criterion of

employment opportunities are considered as form of giving or spending in the way of The

Almighty Allah. Muslim entrepreneurs are given the glad tiding of Jannah in hereafter as

well the satisfaction and potentiality high return on her investment in this life.

Rasulullah (PBUH) said:

From Abdullah Ibn 'Umar -may Allah be pleased with him- that Allah's messenger

-peace and prayer of Allah be upon him- said, "The trustworthy, honest Muslim merchant

will be with the Prophets, the honest men, and martyrs on the Day of Resurrection. '' [Ibn

E Majah, 2139]

For Muslims the benefit of earning halal income for exceed the benefits of giving in a

charitable manner. Muslim women were engaged in various kinds of activities during the

days of the Prophet. Farming, trading, construction, tool making, tanning, bread making,

teaching, transporting goods, nursing, health care and defense of the nation were the

major economic activities in those days. Women companions of the Prophet participated

in all these activities with his approval. Today also Muslim women entrepreneurs are

becoming more important players in the entrepreneurial landscape and the development

of economy. The Muslim community should recognize this fact that Islamic guidelines set

the best rules and boundary for business and economic conducts which is absent in any

other system, so they should strive to facilitate women entrepreneurship especially

through proper Islamic education to avail of the opportunities provided by Allah (SWT). If

the Islamic guidelines are strictly followed the Muslims will insha'Allah regain the past

glory of the Ummah.

References:

1. Abbas, SM. Shariq. (2012), "Women of Islamic Faith in Trade and Commerce: An

Economic Sociological Study", VSRD-IJBMR, Vol. 2 (3), 2012, 102-113.

2. Ali, Dr. Lubna Abid, Farh at Jabeen, Dr. Naveed-i-Rahat , (2011), "Islamic Tradition

and Feminism: A Comparative Study of The oretical Perspective", International Journal of

Business and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 6.


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