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Monroe Envirothon Forestry 2009

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Identifying Pennsylvania Trees Pennsylvania Forest Stewardship Program

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Tree Types Evergreen Deciduous

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Leaf Types Scale-like Broad and Flat Needles

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Deciduous Leaf Types CompoundSimpleor

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Leaf margins Dentate EntireDouble serrate Lobed Serrate (smooth)

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Leaf & Branch Arrangement

Eastern White Pine 5 needles in bundle> Uses: Building Lumber, shelving, furniture, log homes

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Norway Spruce Uses: Building lumber

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Deciduous Opposite Branching Species Red/Soft Maple Uses: furniture, flooring, pallets

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Sugar/Hard Maple Uses: furniture, cabinets, flooring (including bowling alleys), pallets

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Red Maple Acer rubrum Sugar Maple Acer saccharum

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Norway Maple

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White Ash Uses: Baseball bats, handles, furniture, flooring, pallets

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Alternate Branching Species Northern Red Oak Uses: furniture, flooring, pallets

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White Oak Uses: furniture, barrels, flooring, pallets

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White OakRed Oak

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White Oak

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American Beech Uses: pallets, butcher blocks

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Yellow Birch Uses: furniture, cabinets, pallets

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Sweet (Black) Birch Uses: furniture, cabinets, pallets

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Black Cherry Uses: furniture, cabinets, paneling

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Bitternut Hickory Uses: tool handles, cabinets

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Wild Grape

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Forest Succession & Wildlife Habitat

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Forest Health Threats

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Gypsy Moth Life Cycle Eggs/Egg Mass; 200 to 800 eggs in a egg mass Hatch: early May, timed with oak leaf-out Located on tree trunks, under branches Caterpillar: ID: 5 pairs of blue dots & 6 pair of red dots 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June-early July 5 to 6 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of the leaves eaten in last two instars Prefer oak, aspen, basswood, beech Pupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 to 2 weeks Reddish to black color Moth/Adult: Male & female moths last for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring Female white and male buff colored Female moth does not fly

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Hemlock Wooly Adelgid (HWA) Non-native native to China and Japan First found in PA, in the late 1960s Now has been IDed in 2/3 of PA Counties Population has been very low for several years Feeds on all hemlock varieties A very complicated life cycle Two generations per year but 2 nd generation is inactive during the summer Feeds by attaching itself to the base of the needle and sucking sap Others elongate scale, mites, drought Forecast Increasing again in 2006 mild winter

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Emerald Ash Borer Exotic Beetle from Asia Discovered in Michigan in July 2002 Discovered in western PA in June 2007 Adult Beetles: Metallic green wing covers to long Peak emergence late June & early July Live for about 3 weeks mate, lay eggs & die Feeds on the margins of ash leaves Males are smaller than females Adults are strong fliers up to a mile Eggs/Egg Mass: Female can lay 60 to 90 eggs July/August Eggs deposited in bark crevices anywhere on the tree Eggs hatch in 7 to 10 days - August Larvae/Borer: Bore into tree immediately after egg hatch White grub full grown 1 to 1 long Feeds on the cambium layer between the bark & wood Only feeds on ash species Feeding is completed in autumn Over-winters in phloem/cambium layer Pupation: Larva to adult beetle (pupation) occurs in April/May Damage to tree: Feeding in the phloem/cambium layer girdles the tree Feeds on the upper branches & main stem first Trees often die after 3 to 4 years after infestation

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Eastern Tent Caterpillar Life Cycle Eggs/Egg Mass; 100 to 250 eggs in mass Hatch: end of April/early May Located on ends of branches Caterpillar: 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June 5 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of leaf eaten in last two instars Prefers cherry, apple, and other fruit trees Pupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 to 2 weeks White to yellowish color Moth/Adult: Male & female for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring

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Forest Tent Caterpillar Life Cycle Eggs/Egg Mass; 100 to 250 eggs in mass Hatch: end of April/early May Located on ends of branches Caterpillar: 6 to 8 weeks, to end of June 5 stages, larva instars Shed skin at each instar Most of leaf eaten in last two instars Prefers sugar maple, ash, aspen Pupa/Cocoon: Caterpillar to moth 1 to 2 weeks, Moth/Adult: Male & female for 1 to 2 weeks Mate, lay eggs, & die Eggs over-winter until following spring

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Riparian Stream Buffers