Monitoring of volcanic activity in the Virunga Province (N ... · • Project location • Goma:...

Monitoring of volcanic

activity

in the Virunga Province (N‐Kivu, DRC):

Experience

of the GORISK project

and illustration with

the Nyamulagira

January

2010 eruption"

A.‐C. van Overbeke, F. Kervyn, B. Smet, C. Wauthier

N. d'Oreye

A. Kies

D. Tedesco

K. Katcho, D. Kavotha,M. Bagalwa, M. Yalire, F. Lukaya

, O.

Etoy.

I. Badriyo, D. Tedesco

P. Mitangala

Royal Museum

for Central Africa

–

Cartog

& Rem. Sens.

National Museum

of Natural History

of Luxembourg

University

of Luxembourg – Lab. Of Radiation Physics

2nd

University

of Napoli

–

Dept. of Env. Sc.

Goma Volcanological

Observatory

UNOPS – UGR/RMU

CEMUBAC

STEREO II –

Products

and Services

• Introduction• GORISK structure• Project location• Goma: eruption means• Output Deformation• Output Geochemistry• Health• Goma

map update

• GIS• Training• Conclusion

BELSPO

BegiumFundingNational Research

Fund

Luxembourg

Coordination Royal Museum for Central Africa

National Museum of

Natural History

Luxembourg

University of Luxembourg

Luxembourg

2nd University of Napoli

(Italia)

Royal Museum for Central Africa

(Belgium)Scientific

Partners

End users Goma Volcanologic Observatory

(RDC)

UNOPS (UN)

Risk Management Unit

CEMUBAC (B)

(NGO health)

OperationsCartography/ InSAR

Deformation modeling Data

integration

Training

Gas and water Instrumentation.

Training

InSAR processing

Ground based deformation

systems

Training

Permanent gas measurement

Instrumentation

Training

Deformation & geochemistry

• Measurements

• Maintenance

• Interpretation

Health:

• Data collection

• Health data analysis

Data integration for risk management purposes

GORISK: Who?

GORISK GORISK: Where?

East African

rift (W branch)Tropical areaEastern

DRC

North

Kivu ProvinceCity of Goma / Rwanda border Virunga Volcanic

Province

Virunga National Park

•Introduction•GORISK organigram•Project location

Geographical•Goma: eruption means•Output Deformation•Output Geochemistry•Health•Goma

map update•GIS•Training•Conclusion

GORISK:

Where?

GomaGoma

Nyamulagira

Nyiragongo

SakeSake

Nyamulagira

and Nyiragongo:

the two most active volcanoes of Africa

Nyamulagira:• many historic eruptions > 30 since 1900• no major direct threat on populations• impact on crops •impact on vegetation, cattle, population health…

Nyiragongo:• Two historic eruptions: 1977 / 2002• Direct and major threat for Goma• Rapid lava flow (slope: 100Km/h, plain: 20‐40 Km/h)• Short distance / fractures• Only volcano with direct casualties from lava flow• 2002: ~15% of the city was destroyed• long term socio‐economic impact


Volcanological•Goma: eruption means•Output Deformation•Output Geochemistry•Health•Goma


GORISK: Where?

Nyamulagira

Nyiragongo

Goma: North Kivu Province capital~ 800.000 InhabitantsBorder with RwandaEconomic / strategic locationUncontrolled rapid urban growth

Sake: Important centre (~ 30.000) Junction of major axisSensitive location

GomaGoma

SakeSake


Geo-political•Goma: eruption means•Output Deformation•Output Geochemistry•Health•Goma


GORISK: Where?

GomaGoma

Nyamulagira

Nyiragongo

SakeSake







Goma

main market, April 15th

2008. November 19th

2009.

(After data from NASA)Source: NOAA


Geo-political•Goma: eruption means•Output Deformation

InSARModelsTilt networkGPS

•Output Geochemistry•Health•Goma


Challenge: > 600 scenes> 6000 interferograms

• Automated mass processing• Manual refining when required• Web tool implementation

ERS data

RADARSAT Ascending

(ST6)

Nyiragongo 2002:Modeling

of InSAR

data, close to known

eruptive

fissure

RADARSAT Descending

(ST4)

In green: eruptive

fissure

Best fit model:

- Subvertical

dyke

- Small overpressure

-> consistent with

the

extensional

rift system

Figure from Wauthier

et al, 2009a

NyamulagiraN

Nyamulagira

January 2010•Introduction•GORISK organigram•Project location





C. Wauthier

IGARSS 2009

The Nyiragongo2002 eruption

The Nyamulagira 2010 eruption

The web‐based tool :(Empty boxes are pairs with incompatible Bperp.)

Date/Orb. Nr of master

Date/Orb. Nr of slave

6 stationsRegular downloadFTP






X-TILT

Y-TI

LT






Tilt at Bulengo

station November 2009 ‐

January 2010






7 stationsTelemetredFTP






Simon Carn

(MIT, USA)

Geochemistry:

PlumeWater

Gas

‐

Mazukus

Gas ‐

permanent measurements

IntroductionGORISK organigramProject locationGoma: eruption meansOutput DeformationOutput Geochemistry

Plume WaterGas -

MazukusGas -

perm. meas.HealthGoma

map updateGISTrainingConclusion

Geochemistry:

PlumeWater

Gas

‐

Mazukus

Gas ‐


Simon Carn

(MIT, USA)


Plume WaterGas -

MazukusGas -



WHO ‐

Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality Vol. 1 3rd

Edition (2006)

Output GeochemistryPlume WaterGas -

MazukusGas -

perm. Meas.

Geochemistry: PlumeWaterGas

‐

Mazukus

Gas ‐



Plume WaterGas -

MazukusGas -



Photos by B. Smets

CO2

–

Rn

continuous

measuring station in “Le Chalet”

Goma, Chalet August 2009

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

8.8 9.8 10.8 11.8 12.8 13.8 14.8 15.8 16.8 17.8 18.8 19.8 20.8 21.8 22.8 23.8 24.8 25.8 26.8

date in August 2009

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Battery (V)Rn (kBq/m3)CO2 GND (%)CO2 Air (%)Temp (°C)


Plume WaterGas -

MazukusGas -



Output GeochemistryPlume WaterGas -

MazukusGas -

perm. Meas.

4th trimester of 2004: high SO concentrations2


Plume WaterGas -

MazukusGas -




Plume WaterGas -

MazukusGas -



Dissemination

• Peer reviewed

paper

(submitted/accepted): 5

• Proceedings: 20• Presentation

at

meetings and congresses: 26

• WWW links: – GORISK

• www.africamuseum.be• www.ecgs.lu

– Eruption January

2010• http://terra.ecgs.lu/rnvt

http://www.africamuseum.be

http://www.ecgs.lu

http://terra.ecgs.lu/rnvt

ConclusionsGORISK main objectives have been achieved

•

Deformation monitoring:• New methods have been developed and adapted to that very

specific context

• Remote sensing techniques are essentials

• Validation through the last January eruption

• Geochemical monitoring:• First continuous gas monitoring in the area: promising

• Gas –

Mazuku

mapping revealed wide concerned areas

• Water sampling confirmed high content of critical elements

• Health: • Preliminary results are requiring more systematic monitoring

Conclusions

Risk assessment has been highly improved, new geodynamic models

Risk Management has been provided high valuable informations

and products

Health impact has been assessed

Project was achieved in very adverse conditions (political, institutionnal, security

The volcanic risk remains and continuous efforts are requiredFuture eruptions will occur and the 2002 scenario could have been

worse

Cretère

nuit Thank you

Monitoring of volcanic activity in the Virunga Province (N ... · • Project location • Goma:...

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