Allyssa Decker PhD Student Environmental Design and Planning

Priyasha Shrestha Graduate Student Landscape Architecture

Pam Blackmore Graduate Student Landscape Architecture

Ryan Peters Undergraduate Student Horticulture and Natural Resources

Emily Nottingham Undergraduate Student Biological and Agricultural Engineering

Amber Berg Undergraduate StudentSecretery of Students for

Environmental Action

Lee Skabelund Associate Professor Landscape Architecture and Regional amp

Community Planning

Trisha Moore Assistant ProfessorBiological amp Agricultural Engineering

Gerry Snyder Instructional Technologist Department of Office of Mediated Education

Jennifer VellengaAssociate Director-Theatre

School of Music Theatre amp Dance

Monitoring Green Roofs

on the KSU Campus

GREEN ACTION FUND PROPOSAL

JANUARY 2017

25 January 2017 Green Action Fund Kansas State University 202 Anderson Hall Manhattan KS 66506 To the Green Action Fund Award Committee I am writing with enthusiastic support of the Monitoring Green Roofs on the KSU Campus proposal It is exciting to see students expand upon research opportunities created by the universityrsquos investment in green roofs The outcomes of this proposal will ensure that all K-State students have an opportunity to learn about the ecological and financial value of the green roofs and that data collection can be continued K-Statersquos growing collection of green roofs promises to be a signature landscape for the university A relatively small investment will establish a monitoring and communication system that will exponentially expand students opportunities to learn from these unique K-State landscapes Our department is very glad to administer the funds Mrs Jody Hodges project coordinator is responsible for managing all of our departmentrsquos research scholarship and creative activity funds and she will provide accounting of the projectrsquos expenditures Thank you for your consideration of this proposal Best Stephanie A Rolley FASLA FCELA PLA AICP cc Jody Hodges

Executive Summary This project supports monitoring of three KSU green roofs on campus shyshy two at the Memorial Stadium and one at the new APDesign Building (Regnier Hall) Our aim is to improve the sustainability of green roof systems on campus and in the region The project actively involves students from several different disciplines in green roof monitoring and research It also supports outreach activities such as presentationdiscussion sessions regarding green roofs and green infrastructure (with two of these events at the Purple Masque Theater) writing news articles and scholarly publications about our research findings and creating and updating a KSU Green Roofs website As such this project enables students and stakeholders to understand how limited KSU funds energy water staff and other resources are used to green the campus The differences in design and environmental conditions on the Memorial Stadium Green Roofs and the APDesign Research Green Roof create opportunities for researchers to conduct distinct kinds of studies on the two green roof settings then share the results with the entire studentshybody and university community (as well as with others beyond KSU)

Introduction shy The Need to Study 3 Green Roofs Implemented at Kansas State University

The current plan of action for the new APDesign Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) is to relocate 18 sensors and two datashyloggers now deployed on the Memorial Stadium Green Roofs (MSshyGRs) to the new APDshyRGR due to the absence of required resources to acquire new monitoring equipment This would end the soil moisture monitoring taking place at the MSshyGRs However given that the two green roofs have distinctive research goals and settings (the APDshyRGR is flat and the two MSshyGRs are steeply sloped) both are equally significant to student learning Green roof studies at each location support separate approaches to the research by students and faculty members Thus it is very important that monitoring equipment be retained on the MSshyGRs Monitoring equipment that can be remotely accessed (via cellular service) will provide opportunities for many different disciplines to readily use the data

The MSshyGRs are already helping our interdisciplinary team monitor and inform green roof irrigation and maintenance practices revealing important information related to vegetative performance of the native plant species used on the East and West MSshyGRs Removal of existing sensors at such an early stage of research would prematurely end the substrate moisture studies being conducted on the MSshyGRs This would hinder students and faculty from readily obtaining new and highly relevant findings made possible by keeping the monitoring equipment on the Memorial Stadium green roofs The data collected from the MSshyGRs thus far have already been used to enhance sustainabilityshyrelated education in KSU courses in landscape architecture engineering and environmental sciences If data collection is discontinued there will be fewer opportunities to incorporate the MSshyGRs as part of the KSU classroom

Using supplemental irrigation can be wasteful especially when it is used without considering the specific needs of the vegetation on the green roof Over or undershywatering of green roof systems can be avoided by using soil moisture sensors to monitor substrate conditions and adjusting irrigation practices based off the soil moisture levels in the green roof system Soil moisture sensors can help researchers understand how subsurface soilsubstrate conditions impact plant survival thus conserving precious potable water

1

Project Description and Background Revealing the Purposes of KshyStatersquos Green Roofs

The aim of this project is to reveal to students and other stakeholders how three new green roofs operate and to actively involve students from several different disciplines in green roof monitoringresearch and supportive outreach activities This will enable students and stakeholders to understand how limited KSU funds energy water staff and other resources are being used and help create the most sustainable green roof systems possible

Two Memorial Stadium Green Roofs (MSshyGRs) were implemented in 2015 and 2016 at Kansas State University (KSU) The KSU Architecture Planning and Design Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) is to be implemented in 2017 These green infrastructure projects have become a primary focus of research by three KSU students (Allyssa Decker Priyasha Shrestha and Pam Blackmore) who are expanding work initiated by Associate Professor Lee Skabelund KSU Landscape Architecture | Regional amp Community Planning (LARCP) in collaboration with other KSU students faculty and staff The MSshyGRs (each designed by Jeffrey L Bruce and Company and implemented by Blueville Nursery) have allowed LARCP and Biological and Agricultural Engineering (BAE) faculty and students to team up with students and faculty from Agronomy Biology Horticulture and VetMed to explore how these two green roofs are performing (how they function and evolve) during the early stages of plant growth

An important objective of the two MSshyGRs is to limit the structural load on the East and West Memorial Stadium buildings by allowing a maximum of 1000 spectators on each roof at one time This is vital given the costly renovations beneath each rooftop shyshy with the KSU Welcome and Career Center beneath the East Stadium and the Purple Masque Theater under the West Stadium

A significant reason for monitoring and conducting interdisciplinary research on the MSshyGRs is that they involve very large steeplyshysloped green roof conditions which have not been extensively studied before Such conditions bring variability to the growing conditions on different parts of the roof especially in regards to soil moisture content in reaction to precipitation and irrigation events The steep slopes bring rapid changes in soil moisture which strongly influence the performance of the native prairie grasses and forbs seeded and planted on the MSshyGRs in summer 2015 and spring 2016

Under the auspices of Jarvis Chair research currently chaired by Professor Skabelund the East and West MSshyGRs were each equipped with nine soil moisture amp temperature (5TM) and one solar radiation (PYR) sensor (purchased from Decagon Devices) and installed in 10 locations on each green roof in June 2016 The sensors provide data that allow KSU students and faculty to analyze solar radiation levels and better understand the changes in subsurface volumetric water content and temperatures in the semishyintensive MSshyGR substrates shyshy and to do so in relation to vegetative performance Seven months of MSshyGR data have been collected and initial data analysis of some of the data completed The research team discussed preliminary findings and monitoring plans at the ldquoFuture of Water in Kansas Conferencerdquo (Nov 2016)

The KSUshyAPD Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) was designed for installation on the roof of Regnier Hall the new extension of Seaton Hall at Kansas State University The APDshyRGR should be completed JuneshyJuly 2017 The main purpose in creating this experimental research green roof is to test the survival of plant species in various kinds of mixes This will include a number of species native to the Flint Hills Ecoshyregion (regarded to be drought tolerant and potentially viable on arid to semishyarid green roof settings) and to assess their performance over a 5shyyear period in terms of species richness dominance and coverage This experimental green roof is projected to be a focus of research for KshyState LARCP BAE Agronomy and Horticulture students and faculty shyshy with support from several other disciplines

2

Justification for Using Green Action Funds to Secure Green Roof Monitoring Equipment

To support monitoring research maintenance and outreach for the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR we ask that Green Action Funds be provided to 1) acquire new sensors and datashyloggers for installation on the APDshyRGR and 2) support two outreach events at the Purple Masque Theater ( see budget shyshy pg 5 ) Purchasing new monitoring equipment will allow us to retain the monitoring equipment on the MSshyGRs and thus help KSU maintenance staff be better informed about when and how much irrigation to provide while also guiding decisionshymaking about weeding clipping and other maintenance actions

Synopsis of Research amp Outreach Goals in Studying the SteepshySloped Memorial Stadium Green Roofs and the New Architecture Planning amp Design Research Green Roof

1 Monitor species diversity and coverage in relation to precipitation timing and amounts subsurface soil moisture and temperature solar radiation and the amount and timing of supplemental irrigation

2 Improve green roof planningdesign implementationinstallation and operationsmanagement 3 Write up findings and present these in peershyreviewed papers presentations and news articles to

inform KSU students faculty staff administrators and the public Share photos and commentary about KshyStatersquos green roofs by means of a KSU Green Roofs project website

4 Contribute to the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan by engaging students in discussions related to green roofgreen infrastructure performance

Immediate objectives

1 Acquire and install new monitoring equipment for the APDesign Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) so that the existing MSshyGR monitoring equipment can be retained on the East and West Memorial Stadium green roofs for ongoing data gathering

The immediate need for our student and faculty research and outreach project is to acquire 18 5TM temperature and soil moisture sensors 6 RTshy1 temperature sensors and 5 datashyloggers from Decagon Services (now called Meter Environment) to install on the APDshyRGR so that we can monitor vegetation change and performance in relation to temperature and substrate moisture conditions The installation of monitoring equipment on the APDshyRGR is imperative to applied longshyterm research by LARCP and BAE students and faculty Installation of this monitoring equipment is anticipated in May or June 2017

2 Create a KSU Green Roof Research website and three onshycampus events for sharing findings images articles and other information with students stakeholders designers and other interested parties

The creation of a formal KSU Green Roof Research website will inform the KSU student body as well as green roofgreen infrastructure enthusiasts about campus project efforts and reveal the sustainability and environmental benefits of the MSshyGRs and other green roofs as well as specific findings from our APDshyRGR and MSshyGR research Preliminary steps in creating a website have been initiated by requesting that the APD Communications and Events Coordinator train a green roof GRA in website design and management The initial pages for the website will be completed by July 2017 then updated as needed to share new findings and activities Three onshycampus events will help connect us to many KSU students

Benefits to and Outcomes for the University and the KSU Student Body

Related to the need to create a more sustainable campus we seek to achieve the following social educational environmental and economic benefits and outcomes by completing this project

3

Social amp Educational Benefits to KSU Students and Others

Social value The MSshyGRs are a highly visible demonstration of KSUrsquos commitment to sustainability research We expect that many students and visitors will enjoy time together at the Memorial Stadium

Educational value The website will provide upshytoshydate information for students interested in the performance of the green infrastructure being researched on campus There is fascinating research being done that the research team would like to share with the KSU student body alumni faculty and staff Reports and other student work from these and future educational uses of the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR will be presented at onshycampus forums (three presentationdiscussion sessions shyshy two held at the Purple Masque Theater and one at Regnier Hall shyshy with other events possible at Horticulture Leadership Studies Engineering or other campus buildings) and made available on the website The website allows us to reach potential students research peers and others around the world Via the website we can track website hits and we would use this as a metric to gauge the success of this aspect of the project

KSU as a living classroom The Memorial Stadium green roofs are already serving as a living classroom and have been integrated into courses spanning landscape architecture engineering and the environmental sciences The potential to contribute to overarching goals associated with ldquoacademicsrdquo and ldquooperationsrdquo (refer to goals 1 and 3 of the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan ) has been demonstrated through integration of the MSshyGRs into courses in engineering and KshyStatersquos interdisciplinary Natural Resource amp Environmental Sciences secondary major helping students understand how design and management of green roof systems impact campus sustainability Collecting data from all three green roofs should greatly enhance this student learning capability

Improved marketing and the ability to attract students Some students are looking for a university that is performing this type of green roof green infrastructure research KSU is doing research that could help the university improve its image as a sustainable university but this research needs to be easily accessible to prospective students online With the creation of the KSU Green Roof Research website and the improved visibility of research efforts this project potentially could increase enrollment at KshyState

Environmental Benefits

Effective water management The sensors are being used to estimate the appropriate amount of irrigation water necessary to sustain the vegetation With ongoing data analysis of the three green roofs we can better understand the factors affecting water needs and then use the insights to apply irrigation at optimal times and amounts thereby conserving valuable potable water supplied by the City of Manhattan

Improved green roof performance With continued monitoring of the MSshyGRs more informed decisions regarding management of each green roof can be made This will improve the operation and maintenance of these living dynamic systems Thriving green roof vegetation produces a variety of environmental benefits such as habitat creation improved stormwater management and thermal cooling of urban areas

Economic Benefits

Reduced operations and maintenance Keeping the sensors at their current location on the MSshyGR allows data collection to continue so the university can improve management of the green roof thereby reducing operations and maintenance costs such as irrigation weed management and plant material replacement Over 15 million gallons of potable water was used to irrigate the MSshyGRs in 2016 With water prices increasing conservation of potable water reduces economic and environmental burdens

4

Methods shy We will install sensors and datashyloggers on the APDesignshyResearch Green Roof collect and analyze the data on all three green roofs prepare papers articles and presentations to share findings with students and other stakeholders and host (with Students for Environmental Action and the Purple Masque Theater) several engaging onshycampus green infrastructure presentationsdiscussions and tours We will also create a website to disseminate images videos publications and our findings Additionally we plan to assist KSU Facilities to design and create a green roof sign for the Memorial Stadium green roofs

Project Timeline

Budget amp Funding Justification

Meter EnvironmentDecagon Em50G Solar Remote DatashyLoggers (5) $5550 RTshy1 Temperature Sensors (6) $588 5TM Soil Moisture sensors (18) $3348 Cellular Service (4 years for 7 datashyloggers = 28 x $75 annual fee per datashylogger) $2100 Shipping $19 Total Cost for Equipment amp Sensors $11605 Total Cost with $200 Purple Masque Theatre Rental Fees $11805

Justification of Green Action Fund Budget Request for Green Roof Monitoring Equipment The specified datashyloggers and cellular service are required for remote data acquisition Plugshyandshyplay monitoring equipment (provided by Meter) allows rapid access to 15shyminute data on and near the new APDesign Research Green Roofs (APDshyRGR) by 15 researchers Sensors tied to 7 datashyloggers (5 new and 2 purchased using 2017 USRG funds) with data to be transmitted via the local cellular network enable the team to better understand the immediate microshymeteorological environment and subsurface soil moisture conditions for one unique 4rsquox4rsquo plot containing a sensor for each substrate type and depth Monitoring equipment and cellular service will also help students better understand key processes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration 5TM and RT1 sensors allow student and faculty researchers to monitor moisture and temperature variations realshytime on the APDshyRGR over a 5shyyear period

5

Appendix A Image of the Location of APDesign Research Green Roof on Regnier Hall

Source httpapdesignkshystateeduaboutseatonrevitalizatoingalleryhtmlprettyPhoto[102873]56

Appendix B APDshyRGR and MSshyGR layouts (plan views not to scale)

6

25 January 2017 Green Action Fund Kansas State University 202 Anderson Hall Manhattan KS 66506 To the Green Action Fund Award Committee I am writing with enthusiastic support of the Monitoring Green Roofs on the KSU Campus proposal It is exciting to see students expand upon research opportunities created by the universityrsquos investment in green roofs The outcomes of this proposal will ensure that all K-State students have an opportunity to learn about the ecological and financial value of the green roofs and that data collection can be continued K-Statersquos growing collection of green roofs promises to be a signature landscape for the university A relatively small investment will establish a monitoring and communication system that will exponentially expand students opportunities to learn from these unique K-State landscapes Our department is very glad to administer the funds Mrs Jody Hodges project coordinator is responsible for managing all of our departmentrsquos research scholarship and creative activity funds and she will provide accounting of the projectrsquos expenditures Thank you for your consideration of this proposal Best Stephanie A Rolley FASLA FCELA PLA AICP cc Jody Hodges

Executive Summary This project supports monitoring of three KSU green roofs on campus shyshy two at the Memorial Stadium and one at the new APDesign Building (Regnier Hall) Our aim is to improve the sustainability of green roof systems on campus and in the region The project actively involves students from several different disciplines in green roof monitoring and research It also supports outreach activities such as presentationdiscussion sessions regarding green roofs and green infrastructure (with two of these events at the Purple Masque Theater) writing news articles and scholarly publications about our research findings and creating and updating a KSU Green Roofs website As such this project enables students and stakeholders to understand how limited KSU funds energy water staff and other resources are used to green the campus The differences in design and environmental conditions on the Memorial Stadium Green Roofs and the APDesign Research Green Roof create opportunities for researchers to conduct distinct kinds of studies on the two green roof settings then share the results with the entire studentshybody and university community (as well as with others beyond KSU)

Introduction shy The Need to Study 3 Green Roofs Implemented at Kansas State University

The current plan of action for the new APDesign Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) is to relocate 18 sensors and two datashyloggers now deployed on the Memorial Stadium Green Roofs (MSshyGRs) to the new APDshyRGR due to the absence of required resources to acquire new monitoring equipment This would end the soil moisture monitoring taking place at the MSshyGRs However given that the two green roofs have distinctive research goals and settings (the APDshyRGR is flat and the two MSshyGRs are steeply sloped) both are equally significant to student learning Green roof studies at each location support separate approaches to the research by students and faculty members Thus it is very important that monitoring equipment be retained on the MSshyGRs Monitoring equipment that can be remotely accessed (via cellular service) will provide opportunities for many different disciplines to readily use the data

The MSshyGRs are already helping our interdisciplinary team monitor and inform green roof irrigation and maintenance practices revealing important information related to vegetative performance of the native plant species used on the East and West MSshyGRs Removal of existing sensors at such an early stage of research would prematurely end the substrate moisture studies being conducted on the MSshyGRs This would hinder students and faculty from readily obtaining new and highly relevant findings made possible by keeping the monitoring equipment on the Memorial Stadium green roofs The data collected from the MSshyGRs thus far have already been used to enhance sustainabilityshyrelated education in KSU courses in landscape architecture engineering and environmental sciences If data collection is discontinued there will be fewer opportunities to incorporate the MSshyGRs as part of the KSU classroom

Using supplemental irrigation can be wasteful especially when it is used without considering the specific needs of the vegetation on the green roof Over or undershywatering of green roof systems can be avoided by using soil moisture sensors to monitor substrate conditions and adjusting irrigation practices based off the soil moisture levels in the green roof system Soil moisture sensors can help researchers understand how subsurface soilsubstrate conditions impact plant survival thus conserving precious potable water

1

Project Description and Background Revealing the Purposes of KshyStatersquos Green Roofs

The aim of this project is to reveal to students and other stakeholders how three new green roofs operate and to actively involve students from several different disciplines in green roof monitoringresearch and supportive outreach activities This will enable students and stakeholders to understand how limited KSU funds energy water staff and other resources are being used and help create the most sustainable green roof systems possible

Two Memorial Stadium Green Roofs (MSshyGRs) were implemented in 2015 and 2016 at Kansas State University (KSU) The KSU Architecture Planning and Design Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) is to be implemented in 2017 These green infrastructure projects have become a primary focus of research by three KSU students (Allyssa Decker Priyasha Shrestha and Pam Blackmore) who are expanding work initiated by Associate Professor Lee Skabelund KSU Landscape Architecture | Regional amp Community Planning (LARCP) in collaboration with other KSU students faculty and staff The MSshyGRs (each designed by Jeffrey L Bruce and Company and implemented by Blueville Nursery) have allowed LARCP and Biological and Agricultural Engineering (BAE) faculty and students to team up with students and faculty from Agronomy Biology Horticulture and VetMed to explore how these two green roofs are performing (how they function and evolve) during the early stages of plant growth

An important objective of the two MSshyGRs is to limit the structural load on the East and West Memorial Stadium buildings by allowing a maximum of 1000 spectators on each roof at one time This is vital given the costly renovations beneath each rooftop shyshy with the KSU Welcome and Career Center beneath the East Stadium and the Purple Masque Theater under the West Stadium

A significant reason for monitoring and conducting interdisciplinary research on the MSshyGRs is that they involve very large steeplyshysloped green roof conditions which have not been extensively studied before Such conditions bring variability to the growing conditions on different parts of the roof especially in regards to soil moisture content in reaction to precipitation and irrigation events The steep slopes bring rapid changes in soil moisture which strongly influence the performance of the native prairie grasses and forbs seeded and planted on the MSshyGRs in summer 2015 and spring 2016

Under the auspices of Jarvis Chair research currently chaired by Professor Skabelund the East and West MSshyGRs were each equipped with nine soil moisture amp temperature (5TM) and one solar radiation (PYR) sensor (purchased from Decagon Devices) and installed in 10 locations on each green roof in June 2016 The sensors provide data that allow KSU students and faculty to analyze solar radiation levels and better understand the changes in subsurface volumetric water content and temperatures in the semishyintensive MSshyGR substrates shyshy and to do so in relation to vegetative performance Seven months of MSshyGR data have been collected and initial data analysis of some of the data completed The research team discussed preliminary findings and monitoring plans at the ldquoFuture of Water in Kansas Conferencerdquo (Nov 2016)

The KSUshyAPD Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) was designed for installation on the roof of Regnier Hall the new extension of Seaton Hall at Kansas State University The APDshyRGR should be completed JuneshyJuly 2017 The main purpose in creating this experimental research green roof is to test the survival of plant species in various kinds of mixes This will include a number of species native to the Flint Hills Ecoshyregion (regarded to be drought tolerant and potentially viable on arid to semishyarid green roof settings) and to assess their performance over a 5shyyear period in terms of species richness dominance and coverage This experimental green roof is projected to be a focus of research for KshyState LARCP BAE Agronomy and Horticulture students and faculty shyshy with support from several other disciplines

2

Justification for Using Green Action Funds to Secure Green Roof Monitoring Equipment

To support monitoring research maintenance and outreach for the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR we ask that Green Action Funds be provided to 1) acquire new sensors and datashyloggers for installation on the APDshyRGR and 2) support two outreach events at the Purple Masque Theater ( see budget shyshy pg 5 ) Purchasing new monitoring equipment will allow us to retain the monitoring equipment on the MSshyGRs and thus help KSU maintenance staff be better informed about when and how much irrigation to provide while also guiding decisionshymaking about weeding clipping and other maintenance actions

Synopsis of Research amp Outreach Goals in Studying the SteepshySloped Memorial Stadium Green Roofs and the New Architecture Planning amp Design Research Green Roof

1 Monitor species diversity and coverage in relation to precipitation timing and amounts subsurface soil moisture and temperature solar radiation and the amount and timing of supplemental irrigation

2 Improve green roof planningdesign implementationinstallation and operationsmanagement 3 Write up findings and present these in peershyreviewed papers presentations and news articles to

inform KSU students faculty staff administrators and the public Share photos and commentary about KshyStatersquos green roofs by means of a KSU Green Roofs project website

4 Contribute to the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan by engaging students in discussions related to green roofgreen infrastructure performance

Immediate objectives

1 Acquire and install new monitoring equipment for the APDesign Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) so that the existing MSshyGR monitoring equipment can be retained on the East and West Memorial Stadium green roofs for ongoing data gathering

The immediate need for our student and faculty research and outreach project is to acquire 18 5TM temperature and soil moisture sensors 6 RTshy1 temperature sensors and 5 datashyloggers from Decagon Services (now called Meter Environment) to install on the APDshyRGR so that we can monitor vegetation change and performance in relation to temperature and substrate moisture conditions The installation of monitoring equipment on the APDshyRGR is imperative to applied longshyterm research by LARCP and BAE students and faculty Installation of this monitoring equipment is anticipated in May or June 2017

2 Create a KSU Green Roof Research website and three onshycampus events for sharing findings images articles and other information with students stakeholders designers and other interested parties

The creation of a formal KSU Green Roof Research website will inform the KSU student body as well as green roofgreen infrastructure enthusiasts about campus project efforts and reveal the sustainability and environmental benefits of the MSshyGRs and other green roofs as well as specific findings from our APDshyRGR and MSshyGR research Preliminary steps in creating a website have been initiated by requesting that the APD Communications and Events Coordinator train a green roof GRA in website design and management The initial pages for the website will be completed by July 2017 then updated as needed to share new findings and activities Three onshycampus events will help connect us to many KSU students

Benefits to and Outcomes for the University and the KSU Student Body

Related to the need to create a more sustainable campus we seek to achieve the following social educational environmental and economic benefits and outcomes by completing this project

3

Social amp Educational Benefits to KSU Students and Others

Social value The MSshyGRs are a highly visible demonstration of KSUrsquos commitment to sustainability research We expect that many students and visitors will enjoy time together at the Memorial Stadium

Educational value The website will provide upshytoshydate information for students interested in the performance of the green infrastructure being researched on campus There is fascinating research being done that the research team would like to share with the KSU student body alumni faculty and staff Reports and other student work from these and future educational uses of the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR will be presented at onshycampus forums (three presentationdiscussion sessions shyshy two held at the Purple Masque Theater and one at Regnier Hall shyshy with other events possible at Horticulture Leadership Studies Engineering or other campus buildings) and made available on the website The website allows us to reach potential students research peers and others around the world Via the website we can track website hits and we would use this as a metric to gauge the success of this aspect of the project

KSU as a living classroom The Memorial Stadium green roofs are already serving as a living classroom and have been integrated into courses spanning landscape architecture engineering and the environmental sciences The potential to contribute to overarching goals associated with ldquoacademicsrdquo and ldquooperationsrdquo (refer to goals 1 and 3 of the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan ) has been demonstrated through integration of the MSshyGRs into courses in engineering and KshyStatersquos interdisciplinary Natural Resource amp Environmental Sciences secondary major helping students understand how design and management of green roof systems impact campus sustainability Collecting data from all three green roofs should greatly enhance this student learning capability

Improved marketing and the ability to attract students Some students are looking for a university that is performing this type of green roof green infrastructure research KSU is doing research that could help the university improve its image as a sustainable university but this research needs to be easily accessible to prospective students online With the creation of the KSU Green Roof Research website and the improved visibility of research efforts this project potentially could increase enrollment at KshyState

Environmental Benefits

Effective water management The sensors are being used to estimate the appropriate amount of irrigation water necessary to sustain the vegetation With ongoing data analysis of the three green roofs we can better understand the factors affecting water needs and then use the insights to apply irrigation at optimal times and amounts thereby conserving valuable potable water supplied by the City of Manhattan

Improved green roof performance With continued monitoring of the MSshyGRs more informed decisions regarding management of each green roof can be made This will improve the operation and maintenance of these living dynamic systems Thriving green roof vegetation produces a variety of environmental benefits such as habitat creation improved stormwater management and thermal cooling of urban areas

Economic Benefits

Reduced operations and maintenance Keeping the sensors at their current location on the MSshyGR allows data collection to continue so the university can improve management of the green roof thereby reducing operations and maintenance costs such as irrigation weed management and plant material replacement Over 15 million gallons of potable water was used to irrigate the MSshyGRs in 2016 With water prices increasing conservation of potable water reduces economic and environmental burdens

4

Methods shy We will install sensors and datashyloggers on the APDesignshyResearch Green Roof collect and analyze the data on all three green roofs prepare papers articles and presentations to share findings with students and other stakeholders and host (with Students for Environmental Action and the Purple Masque Theater) several engaging onshycampus green infrastructure presentationsdiscussions and tours We will also create a website to disseminate images videos publications and our findings Additionally we plan to assist KSU Facilities to design and create a green roof sign for the Memorial Stadium green roofs

Project Timeline

Budget amp Funding Justification

Meter EnvironmentDecagon Em50G Solar Remote DatashyLoggers (5) $5550 RTshy1 Temperature Sensors (6) $588 5TM Soil Moisture sensors (18) $3348 Cellular Service (4 years for 7 datashyloggers = 28 x $75 annual fee per datashylogger) $2100 Shipping $19 Total Cost for Equipment amp Sensors $11605 Total Cost with $200 Purple Masque Theatre Rental Fees $11805

Justification of Green Action Fund Budget Request for Green Roof Monitoring Equipment The specified datashyloggers and cellular service are required for remote data acquisition Plugshyandshyplay monitoring equipment (provided by Meter) allows rapid access to 15shyminute data on and near the new APDesign Research Green Roofs (APDshyRGR) by 15 researchers Sensors tied to 7 datashyloggers (5 new and 2 purchased using 2017 USRG funds) with data to be transmitted via the local cellular network enable the team to better understand the immediate microshymeteorological environment and subsurface soil moisture conditions for one unique 4rsquox4rsquo plot containing a sensor for each substrate type and depth Monitoring equipment and cellular service will also help students better understand key processes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration 5TM and RT1 sensors allow student and faculty researchers to monitor moisture and temperature variations realshytime on the APDshyRGR over a 5shyyear period

5

Appendix A Image of the Location of APDesign Research Green Roof on Regnier Hall

Source httpapdesignkshystateeduaboutseatonrevitalizatoingalleryhtmlprettyPhoto[102873]56

Appendix B APDshyRGR and MSshyGR layouts (plan views not to scale)

6

Executive Summary This project supports monitoring of three KSU green roofs on campus shyshy two at the Memorial Stadium and one at the new APDesign Building (Regnier Hall) Our aim is to improve the sustainability of green roof systems on campus and in the region The project actively involves students from several different disciplines in green roof monitoring and research It also supports outreach activities such as presentationdiscussion sessions regarding green roofs and green infrastructure (with two of these events at the Purple Masque Theater) writing news articles and scholarly publications about our research findings and creating and updating a KSU Green Roofs website As such this project enables students and stakeholders to understand how limited KSU funds energy water staff and other resources are used to green the campus The differences in design and environmental conditions on the Memorial Stadium Green Roofs and the APDesign Research Green Roof create opportunities for researchers to conduct distinct kinds of studies on the two green roof settings then share the results with the entire studentshybody and university community (as well as with others beyond KSU)

Introduction shy The Need to Study 3 Green Roofs Implemented at Kansas State University

The current plan of action for the new APDesign Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) is to relocate 18 sensors and two datashyloggers now deployed on the Memorial Stadium Green Roofs (MSshyGRs) to the new APDshyRGR due to the absence of required resources to acquire new monitoring equipment This would end the soil moisture monitoring taking place at the MSshyGRs However given that the two green roofs have distinctive research goals and settings (the APDshyRGR is flat and the two MSshyGRs are steeply sloped) both are equally significant to student learning Green roof studies at each location support separate approaches to the research by students and faculty members Thus it is very important that monitoring equipment be retained on the MSshyGRs Monitoring equipment that can be remotely accessed (via cellular service) will provide opportunities for many different disciplines to readily use the data

The MSshyGRs are already helping our interdisciplinary team monitor and inform green roof irrigation and maintenance practices revealing important information related to vegetative performance of the native plant species used on the East and West MSshyGRs Removal of existing sensors at such an early stage of research would prematurely end the substrate moisture studies being conducted on the MSshyGRs This would hinder students and faculty from readily obtaining new and highly relevant findings made possible by keeping the monitoring equipment on the Memorial Stadium green roofs The data collected from the MSshyGRs thus far have already been used to enhance sustainabilityshyrelated education in KSU courses in landscape architecture engineering and environmental sciences If data collection is discontinued there will be fewer opportunities to incorporate the MSshyGRs as part of the KSU classroom

Using supplemental irrigation can be wasteful especially when it is used without considering the specific needs of the vegetation on the green roof Over or undershywatering of green roof systems can be avoided by using soil moisture sensors to monitor substrate conditions and adjusting irrigation practices based off the soil moisture levels in the green roof system Soil moisture sensors can help researchers understand how subsurface soilsubstrate conditions impact plant survival thus conserving precious potable water

1

Project Description and Background Revealing the Purposes of KshyStatersquos Green Roofs

The aim of this project is to reveal to students and other stakeholders how three new green roofs operate and to actively involve students from several different disciplines in green roof monitoringresearch and supportive outreach activities This will enable students and stakeholders to understand how limited KSU funds energy water staff and other resources are being used and help create the most sustainable green roof systems possible

Two Memorial Stadium Green Roofs (MSshyGRs) were implemented in 2015 and 2016 at Kansas State University (KSU) The KSU Architecture Planning and Design Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) is to be implemented in 2017 These green infrastructure projects have become a primary focus of research by three KSU students (Allyssa Decker Priyasha Shrestha and Pam Blackmore) who are expanding work initiated by Associate Professor Lee Skabelund KSU Landscape Architecture | Regional amp Community Planning (LARCP) in collaboration with other KSU students faculty and staff The MSshyGRs (each designed by Jeffrey L Bruce and Company and implemented by Blueville Nursery) have allowed LARCP and Biological and Agricultural Engineering (BAE) faculty and students to team up with students and faculty from Agronomy Biology Horticulture and VetMed to explore how these two green roofs are performing (how they function and evolve) during the early stages of plant growth

An important objective of the two MSshyGRs is to limit the structural load on the East and West Memorial Stadium buildings by allowing a maximum of 1000 spectators on each roof at one time This is vital given the costly renovations beneath each rooftop shyshy with the KSU Welcome and Career Center beneath the East Stadium and the Purple Masque Theater under the West Stadium

A significant reason for monitoring and conducting interdisciplinary research on the MSshyGRs is that they involve very large steeplyshysloped green roof conditions which have not been extensively studied before Such conditions bring variability to the growing conditions on different parts of the roof especially in regards to soil moisture content in reaction to precipitation and irrigation events The steep slopes bring rapid changes in soil moisture which strongly influence the performance of the native prairie grasses and forbs seeded and planted on the MSshyGRs in summer 2015 and spring 2016

Under the auspices of Jarvis Chair research currently chaired by Professor Skabelund the East and West MSshyGRs were each equipped with nine soil moisture amp temperature (5TM) and one solar radiation (PYR) sensor (purchased from Decagon Devices) and installed in 10 locations on each green roof in June 2016 The sensors provide data that allow KSU students and faculty to analyze solar radiation levels and better understand the changes in subsurface volumetric water content and temperatures in the semishyintensive MSshyGR substrates shyshy and to do so in relation to vegetative performance Seven months of MSshyGR data have been collected and initial data analysis of some of the data completed The research team discussed preliminary findings and monitoring plans at the ldquoFuture of Water in Kansas Conferencerdquo (Nov 2016)

The KSUshyAPD Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) was designed for installation on the roof of Regnier Hall the new extension of Seaton Hall at Kansas State University The APDshyRGR should be completed JuneshyJuly 2017 The main purpose in creating this experimental research green roof is to test the survival of plant species in various kinds of mixes This will include a number of species native to the Flint Hills Ecoshyregion (regarded to be drought tolerant and potentially viable on arid to semishyarid green roof settings) and to assess their performance over a 5shyyear period in terms of species richness dominance and coverage This experimental green roof is projected to be a focus of research for KshyState LARCP BAE Agronomy and Horticulture students and faculty shyshy with support from several other disciplines

2

Justification for Using Green Action Funds to Secure Green Roof Monitoring Equipment

To support monitoring research maintenance and outreach for the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR we ask that Green Action Funds be provided to 1) acquire new sensors and datashyloggers for installation on the APDshyRGR and 2) support two outreach events at the Purple Masque Theater ( see budget shyshy pg 5 ) Purchasing new monitoring equipment will allow us to retain the monitoring equipment on the MSshyGRs and thus help KSU maintenance staff be better informed about when and how much irrigation to provide while also guiding decisionshymaking about weeding clipping and other maintenance actions

Synopsis of Research amp Outreach Goals in Studying the SteepshySloped Memorial Stadium Green Roofs and the New Architecture Planning amp Design Research Green Roof

1 Monitor species diversity and coverage in relation to precipitation timing and amounts subsurface soil moisture and temperature solar radiation and the amount and timing of supplemental irrigation

2 Improve green roof planningdesign implementationinstallation and operationsmanagement 3 Write up findings and present these in peershyreviewed papers presentations and news articles to

inform KSU students faculty staff administrators and the public Share photos and commentary about KshyStatersquos green roofs by means of a KSU Green Roofs project website

4 Contribute to the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan by engaging students in discussions related to green roofgreen infrastructure performance

Immediate objectives

1 Acquire and install new monitoring equipment for the APDesign Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) so that the existing MSshyGR monitoring equipment can be retained on the East and West Memorial Stadium green roofs for ongoing data gathering

The immediate need for our student and faculty research and outreach project is to acquire 18 5TM temperature and soil moisture sensors 6 RTshy1 temperature sensors and 5 datashyloggers from Decagon Services (now called Meter Environment) to install on the APDshyRGR so that we can monitor vegetation change and performance in relation to temperature and substrate moisture conditions The installation of monitoring equipment on the APDshyRGR is imperative to applied longshyterm research by LARCP and BAE students and faculty Installation of this monitoring equipment is anticipated in May or June 2017

2 Create a KSU Green Roof Research website and three onshycampus events for sharing findings images articles and other information with students stakeholders designers and other interested parties

The creation of a formal KSU Green Roof Research website will inform the KSU student body as well as green roofgreen infrastructure enthusiasts about campus project efforts and reveal the sustainability and environmental benefits of the MSshyGRs and other green roofs as well as specific findings from our APDshyRGR and MSshyGR research Preliminary steps in creating a website have been initiated by requesting that the APD Communications and Events Coordinator train a green roof GRA in website design and management The initial pages for the website will be completed by July 2017 then updated as needed to share new findings and activities Three onshycampus events will help connect us to many KSU students

Benefits to and Outcomes for the University and the KSU Student Body

Related to the need to create a more sustainable campus we seek to achieve the following social educational environmental and economic benefits and outcomes by completing this project

3

Social amp Educational Benefits to KSU Students and Others

Social value The MSshyGRs are a highly visible demonstration of KSUrsquos commitment to sustainability research We expect that many students and visitors will enjoy time together at the Memorial Stadium

Educational value The website will provide upshytoshydate information for students interested in the performance of the green infrastructure being researched on campus There is fascinating research being done that the research team would like to share with the KSU student body alumni faculty and staff Reports and other student work from these and future educational uses of the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR will be presented at onshycampus forums (three presentationdiscussion sessions shyshy two held at the Purple Masque Theater and one at Regnier Hall shyshy with other events possible at Horticulture Leadership Studies Engineering or other campus buildings) and made available on the website The website allows us to reach potential students research peers and others around the world Via the website we can track website hits and we would use this as a metric to gauge the success of this aspect of the project

KSU as a living classroom The Memorial Stadium green roofs are already serving as a living classroom and have been integrated into courses spanning landscape architecture engineering and the environmental sciences The potential to contribute to overarching goals associated with ldquoacademicsrdquo and ldquooperationsrdquo (refer to goals 1 and 3 of the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan ) has been demonstrated through integration of the MSshyGRs into courses in engineering and KshyStatersquos interdisciplinary Natural Resource amp Environmental Sciences secondary major helping students understand how design and management of green roof systems impact campus sustainability Collecting data from all three green roofs should greatly enhance this student learning capability

Improved marketing and the ability to attract students Some students are looking for a university that is performing this type of green roof green infrastructure research KSU is doing research that could help the university improve its image as a sustainable university but this research needs to be easily accessible to prospective students online With the creation of the KSU Green Roof Research website and the improved visibility of research efforts this project potentially could increase enrollment at KshyState

Environmental Benefits

Effective water management The sensors are being used to estimate the appropriate amount of irrigation water necessary to sustain the vegetation With ongoing data analysis of the three green roofs we can better understand the factors affecting water needs and then use the insights to apply irrigation at optimal times and amounts thereby conserving valuable potable water supplied by the City of Manhattan

Improved green roof performance With continued monitoring of the MSshyGRs more informed decisions regarding management of each green roof can be made This will improve the operation and maintenance of these living dynamic systems Thriving green roof vegetation produces a variety of environmental benefits such as habitat creation improved stormwater management and thermal cooling of urban areas

Economic Benefits

Reduced operations and maintenance Keeping the sensors at their current location on the MSshyGR allows data collection to continue so the university can improve management of the green roof thereby reducing operations and maintenance costs such as irrigation weed management and plant material replacement Over 15 million gallons of potable water was used to irrigate the MSshyGRs in 2016 With water prices increasing conservation of potable water reduces economic and environmental burdens

4

Methods shy We will install sensors and datashyloggers on the APDesignshyResearch Green Roof collect and analyze the data on all three green roofs prepare papers articles and presentations to share findings with students and other stakeholders and host (with Students for Environmental Action and the Purple Masque Theater) several engaging onshycampus green infrastructure presentationsdiscussions and tours We will also create a website to disseminate images videos publications and our findings Additionally we plan to assist KSU Facilities to design and create a green roof sign for the Memorial Stadium green roofs

Project Timeline

Budget amp Funding Justification

Meter EnvironmentDecagon Em50G Solar Remote DatashyLoggers (5) $5550 RTshy1 Temperature Sensors (6) $588 5TM Soil Moisture sensors (18) $3348 Cellular Service (4 years for 7 datashyloggers = 28 x $75 annual fee per datashylogger) $2100 Shipping $19 Total Cost for Equipment amp Sensors $11605 Total Cost with $200 Purple Masque Theatre Rental Fees $11805

Justification of Green Action Fund Budget Request for Green Roof Monitoring Equipment The specified datashyloggers and cellular service are required for remote data acquisition Plugshyandshyplay monitoring equipment (provided by Meter) allows rapid access to 15shyminute data on and near the new APDesign Research Green Roofs (APDshyRGR) by 15 researchers Sensors tied to 7 datashyloggers (5 new and 2 purchased using 2017 USRG funds) with data to be transmitted via the local cellular network enable the team to better understand the immediate microshymeteorological environment and subsurface soil moisture conditions for one unique 4rsquox4rsquo plot containing a sensor for each substrate type and depth Monitoring equipment and cellular service will also help students better understand key processes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration 5TM and RT1 sensors allow student and faculty researchers to monitor moisture and temperature variations realshytime on the APDshyRGR over a 5shyyear period

5

Appendix A Image of the Location of APDesign Research Green Roof on Regnier Hall

Source httpapdesignkshystateeduaboutseatonrevitalizatoingalleryhtmlprettyPhoto[102873]56

Appendix B APDshyRGR and MSshyGR layouts (plan views not to scale)

6

Project Description and Background Revealing the Purposes of KshyStatersquos Green Roofs

The aim of this project is to reveal to students and other stakeholders how three new green roofs operate and to actively involve students from several different disciplines in green roof monitoringresearch and supportive outreach activities This will enable students and stakeholders to understand how limited KSU funds energy water staff and other resources are being used and help create the most sustainable green roof systems possible

Two Memorial Stadium Green Roofs (MSshyGRs) were implemented in 2015 and 2016 at Kansas State University (KSU) The KSU Architecture Planning and Design Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) is to be implemented in 2017 These green infrastructure projects have become a primary focus of research by three KSU students (Allyssa Decker Priyasha Shrestha and Pam Blackmore) who are expanding work initiated by Associate Professor Lee Skabelund KSU Landscape Architecture | Regional amp Community Planning (LARCP) in collaboration with other KSU students faculty and staff The MSshyGRs (each designed by Jeffrey L Bruce and Company and implemented by Blueville Nursery) have allowed LARCP and Biological and Agricultural Engineering (BAE) faculty and students to team up with students and faculty from Agronomy Biology Horticulture and VetMed to explore how these two green roofs are performing (how they function and evolve) during the early stages of plant growth

An important objective of the two MSshyGRs is to limit the structural load on the East and West Memorial Stadium buildings by allowing a maximum of 1000 spectators on each roof at one time This is vital given the costly renovations beneath each rooftop shyshy with the KSU Welcome and Career Center beneath the East Stadium and the Purple Masque Theater under the West Stadium

A significant reason for monitoring and conducting interdisciplinary research on the MSshyGRs is that they involve very large steeplyshysloped green roof conditions which have not been extensively studied before Such conditions bring variability to the growing conditions on different parts of the roof especially in regards to soil moisture content in reaction to precipitation and irrigation events The steep slopes bring rapid changes in soil moisture which strongly influence the performance of the native prairie grasses and forbs seeded and planted on the MSshyGRs in summer 2015 and spring 2016

Under the auspices of Jarvis Chair research currently chaired by Professor Skabelund the East and West MSshyGRs were each equipped with nine soil moisture amp temperature (5TM) and one solar radiation (PYR) sensor (purchased from Decagon Devices) and installed in 10 locations on each green roof in June 2016 The sensors provide data that allow KSU students and faculty to analyze solar radiation levels and better understand the changes in subsurface volumetric water content and temperatures in the semishyintensive MSshyGR substrates shyshy and to do so in relation to vegetative performance Seven months of MSshyGR data have been collected and initial data analysis of some of the data completed The research team discussed preliminary findings and monitoring plans at the ldquoFuture of Water in Kansas Conferencerdquo (Nov 2016)

The KSUshyAPD Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) was designed for installation on the roof of Regnier Hall the new extension of Seaton Hall at Kansas State University The APDshyRGR should be completed JuneshyJuly 2017 The main purpose in creating this experimental research green roof is to test the survival of plant species in various kinds of mixes This will include a number of species native to the Flint Hills Ecoshyregion (regarded to be drought tolerant and potentially viable on arid to semishyarid green roof settings) and to assess their performance over a 5shyyear period in terms of species richness dominance and coverage This experimental green roof is projected to be a focus of research for KshyState LARCP BAE Agronomy and Horticulture students and faculty shyshy with support from several other disciplines

2

Justification for Using Green Action Funds to Secure Green Roof Monitoring Equipment

To support monitoring research maintenance and outreach for the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR we ask that Green Action Funds be provided to 1) acquire new sensors and datashyloggers for installation on the APDshyRGR and 2) support two outreach events at the Purple Masque Theater ( see budget shyshy pg 5 ) Purchasing new monitoring equipment will allow us to retain the monitoring equipment on the MSshyGRs and thus help KSU maintenance staff be better informed about when and how much irrigation to provide while also guiding decisionshymaking about weeding clipping and other maintenance actions

Synopsis of Research amp Outreach Goals in Studying the SteepshySloped Memorial Stadium Green Roofs and the New Architecture Planning amp Design Research Green Roof

1 Monitor species diversity and coverage in relation to precipitation timing and amounts subsurface soil moisture and temperature solar radiation and the amount and timing of supplemental irrigation

2 Improve green roof planningdesign implementationinstallation and operationsmanagement 3 Write up findings and present these in peershyreviewed papers presentations and news articles to

inform KSU students faculty staff administrators and the public Share photos and commentary about KshyStatersquos green roofs by means of a KSU Green Roofs project website

4 Contribute to the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan by engaging students in discussions related to green roofgreen infrastructure performance

Immediate objectives

1 Acquire and install new monitoring equipment for the APDesign Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) so that the existing MSshyGR monitoring equipment can be retained on the East and West Memorial Stadium green roofs for ongoing data gathering

The immediate need for our student and faculty research and outreach project is to acquire 18 5TM temperature and soil moisture sensors 6 RTshy1 temperature sensors and 5 datashyloggers from Decagon Services (now called Meter Environment) to install on the APDshyRGR so that we can monitor vegetation change and performance in relation to temperature and substrate moisture conditions The installation of monitoring equipment on the APDshyRGR is imperative to applied longshyterm research by LARCP and BAE students and faculty Installation of this monitoring equipment is anticipated in May or June 2017

2 Create a KSU Green Roof Research website and three onshycampus events for sharing findings images articles and other information with students stakeholders designers and other interested parties

The creation of a formal KSU Green Roof Research website will inform the KSU student body as well as green roofgreen infrastructure enthusiasts about campus project efforts and reveal the sustainability and environmental benefits of the MSshyGRs and other green roofs as well as specific findings from our APDshyRGR and MSshyGR research Preliminary steps in creating a website have been initiated by requesting that the APD Communications and Events Coordinator train a green roof GRA in website design and management The initial pages for the website will be completed by July 2017 then updated as needed to share new findings and activities Three onshycampus events will help connect us to many KSU students

Benefits to and Outcomes for the University and the KSU Student Body

Related to the need to create a more sustainable campus we seek to achieve the following social educational environmental and economic benefits and outcomes by completing this project

3

Social amp Educational Benefits to KSU Students and Others

Social value The MSshyGRs are a highly visible demonstration of KSUrsquos commitment to sustainability research We expect that many students and visitors will enjoy time together at the Memorial Stadium

Educational value The website will provide upshytoshydate information for students interested in the performance of the green infrastructure being researched on campus There is fascinating research being done that the research team would like to share with the KSU student body alumni faculty and staff Reports and other student work from these and future educational uses of the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR will be presented at onshycampus forums (three presentationdiscussion sessions shyshy two held at the Purple Masque Theater and one at Regnier Hall shyshy with other events possible at Horticulture Leadership Studies Engineering or other campus buildings) and made available on the website The website allows us to reach potential students research peers and others around the world Via the website we can track website hits and we would use this as a metric to gauge the success of this aspect of the project

KSU as a living classroom The Memorial Stadium green roofs are already serving as a living classroom and have been integrated into courses spanning landscape architecture engineering and the environmental sciences The potential to contribute to overarching goals associated with ldquoacademicsrdquo and ldquooperationsrdquo (refer to goals 1 and 3 of the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan ) has been demonstrated through integration of the MSshyGRs into courses in engineering and KshyStatersquos interdisciplinary Natural Resource amp Environmental Sciences secondary major helping students understand how design and management of green roof systems impact campus sustainability Collecting data from all three green roofs should greatly enhance this student learning capability

Improved marketing and the ability to attract students Some students are looking for a university that is performing this type of green roof green infrastructure research KSU is doing research that could help the university improve its image as a sustainable university but this research needs to be easily accessible to prospective students online With the creation of the KSU Green Roof Research website and the improved visibility of research efforts this project potentially could increase enrollment at KshyState

Environmental Benefits

Effective water management The sensors are being used to estimate the appropriate amount of irrigation water necessary to sustain the vegetation With ongoing data analysis of the three green roofs we can better understand the factors affecting water needs and then use the insights to apply irrigation at optimal times and amounts thereby conserving valuable potable water supplied by the City of Manhattan

Improved green roof performance With continued monitoring of the MSshyGRs more informed decisions regarding management of each green roof can be made This will improve the operation and maintenance of these living dynamic systems Thriving green roof vegetation produces a variety of environmental benefits such as habitat creation improved stormwater management and thermal cooling of urban areas

Economic Benefits

Reduced operations and maintenance Keeping the sensors at their current location on the MSshyGR allows data collection to continue so the university can improve management of the green roof thereby reducing operations and maintenance costs such as irrigation weed management and plant material replacement Over 15 million gallons of potable water was used to irrigate the MSshyGRs in 2016 With water prices increasing conservation of potable water reduces economic and environmental burdens

4

Methods shy We will install sensors and datashyloggers on the APDesignshyResearch Green Roof collect and analyze the data on all three green roofs prepare papers articles and presentations to share findings with students and other stakeholders and host (with Students for Environmental Action and the Purple Masque Theater) several engaging onshycampus green infrastructure presentationsdiscussions and tours We will also create a website to disseminate images videos publications and our findings Additionally we plan to assist KSU Facilities to design and create a green roof sign for the Memorial Stadium green roofs

Project Timeline

Budget amp Funding Justification

Meter EnvironmentDecagon Em50G Solar Remote DatashyLoggers (5) $5550 RTshy1 Temperature Sensors (6) $588 5TM Soil Moisture sensors (18) $3348 Cellular Service (4 years for 7 datashyloggers = 28 x $75 annual fee per datashylogger) $2100 Shipping $19 Total Cost for Equipment amp Sensors $11605 Total Cost with $200 Purple Masque Theatre Rental Fees $11805

Justification of Green Action Fund Budget Request for Green Roof Monitoring Equipment The specified datashyloggers and cellular service are required for remote data acquisition Plugshyandshyplay monitoring equipment (provided by Meter) allows rapid access to 15shyminute data on and near the new APDesign Research Green Roofs (APDshyRGR) by 15 researchers Sensors tied to 7 datashyloggers (5 new and 2 purchased using 2017 USRG funds) with data to be transmitted via the local cellular network enable the team to better understand the immediate microshymeteorological environment and subsurface soil moisture conditions for one unique 4rsquox4rsquo plot containing a sensor for each substrate type and depth Monitoring equipment and cellular service will also help students better understand key processes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration 5TM and RT1 sensors allow student and faculty researchers to monitor moisture and temperature variations realshytime on the APDshyRGR over a 5shyyear period

5

Appendix A Image of the Location of APDesign Research Green Roof on Regnier Hall

Source httpapdesignkshystateeduaboutseatonrevitalizatoingalleryhtmlprettyPhoto[102873]56

Appendix B APDshyRGR and MSshyGR layouts (plan views not to scale)

6

Justification for Using Green Action Funds to Secure Green Roof Monitoring Equipment

To support monitoring research maintenance and outreach for the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR we ask that Green Action Funds be provided to 1) acquire new sensors and datashyloggers for installation on the APDshyRGR and 2) support two outreach events at the Purple Masque Theater ( see budget shyshy pg 5 ) Purchasing new monitoring equipment will allow us to retain the monitoring equipment on the MSshyGRs and thus help KSU maintenance staff be better informed about when and how much irrigation to provide while also guiding decisionshymaking about weeding clipping and other maintenance actions

Synopsis of Research amp Outreach Goals in Studying the SteepshySloped Memorial Stadium Green Roofs and the New Architecture Planning amp Design Research Green Roof

1 Monitor species diversity and coverage in relation to precipitation timing and amounts subsurface soil moisture and temperature solar radiation and the amount and timing of supplemental irrigation

2 Improve green roof planningdesign implementationinstallation and operationsmanagement 3 Write up findings and present these in peershyreviewed papers presentations and news articles to

inform KSU students faculty staff administrators and the public Share photos and commentary about KshyStatersquos green roofs by means of a KSU Green Roofs project website

4 Contribute to the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan by engaging students in discussions related to green roofgreen infrastructure performance

Immediate objectives

1 Acquire and install new monitoring equipment for the APDesign Research Green Roof (APDshyRGR) so that the existing MSshyGR monitoring equipment can be retained on the East and West Memorial Stadium green roofs for ongoing data gathering

The immediate need for our student and faculty research and outreach project is to acquire 18 5TM temperature and soil moisture sensors 6 RTshy1 temperature sensors and 5 datashyloggers from Decagon Services (now called Meter Environment) to install on the APDshyRGR so that we can monitor vegetation change and performance in relation to temperature and substrate moisture conditions The installation of monitoring equipment on the APDshyRGR is imperative to applied longshyterm research by LARCP and BAE students and faculty Installation of this monitoring equipment is anticipated in May or June 2017

2 Create a KSU Green Roof Research website and three onshycampus events for sharing findings images articles and other information with students stakeholders designers and other interested parties

The creation of a formal KSU Green Roof Research website will inform the KSU student body as well as green roofgreen infrastructure enthusiasts about campus project efforts and reveal the sustainability and environmental benefits of the MSshyGRs and other green roofs as well as specific findings from our APDshyRGR and MSshyGR research Preliminary steps in creating a website have been initiated by requesting that the APD Communications and Events Coordinator train a green roof GRA in website design and management The initial pages for the website will be completed by July 2017 then updated as needed to share new findings and activities Three onshycampus events will help connect us to many KSU students

Benefits to and Outcomes for the University and the KSU Student Body

Related to the need to create a more sustainable campus we seek to achieve the following social educational environmental and economic benefits and outcomes by completing this project

3

Social amp Educational Benefits to KSU Students and Others

Social value The MSshyGRs are a highly visible demonstration of KSUrsquos commitment to sustainability research We expect that many students and visitors will enjoy time together at the Memorial Stadium

Educational value The website will provide upshytoshydate information for students interested in the performance of the green infrastructure being researched on campus There is fascinating research being done that the research team would like to share with the KSU student body alumni faculty and staff Reports and other student work from these and future educational uses of the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR will be presented at onshycampus forums (three presentationdiscussion sessions shyshy two held at the Purple Masque Theater and one at Regnier Hall shyshy with other events possible at Horticulture Leadership Studies Engineering or other campus buildings) and made available on the website The website allows us to reach potential students research peers and others around the world Via the website we can track website hits and we would use this as a metric to gauge the success of this aspect of the project

KSU as a living classroom The Memorial Stadium green roofs are already serving as a living classroom and have been integrated into courses spanning landscape architecture engineering and the environmental sciences The potential to contribute to overarching goals associated with ldquoacademicsrdquo and ldquooperationsrdquo (refer to goals 1 and 3 of the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan ) has been demonstrated through integration of the MSshyGRs into courses in engineering and KshyStatersquos interdisciplinary Natural Resource amp Environmental Sciences secondary major helping students understand how design and management of green roof systems impact campus sustainability Collecting data from all three green roofs should greatly enhance this student learning capability

Improved marketing and the ability to attract students Some students are looking for a university that is performing this type of green roof green infrastructure research KSU is doing research that could help the university improve its image as a sustainable university but this research needs to be easily accessible to prospective students online With the creation of the KSU Green Roof Research website and the improved visibility of research efforts this project potentially could increase enrollment at KshyState

Environmental Benefits

Effective water management The sensors are being used to estimate the appropriate amount of irrigation water necessary to sustain the vegetation With ongoing data analysis of the three green roofs we can better understand the factors affecting water needs and then use the insights to apply irrigation at optimal times and amounts thereby conserving valuable potable water supplied by the City of Manhattan

Improved green roof performance With continued monitoring of the MSshyGRs more informed decisions regarding management of each green roof can be made This will improve the operation and maintenance of these living dynamic systems Thriving green roof vegetation produces a variety of environmental benefits such as habitat creation improved stormwater management and thermal cooling of urban areas

Economic Benefits

Reduced operations and maintenance Keeping the sensors at their current location on the MSshyGR allows data collection to continue so the university can improve management of the green roof thereby reducing operations and maintenance costs such as irrigation weed management and plant material replacement Over 15 million gallons of potable water was used to irrigate the MSshyGRs in 2016 With water prices increasing conservation of potable water reduces economic and environmental burdens

4

Methods shy We will install sensors and datashyloggers on the APDesignshyResearch Green Roof collect and analyze the data on all three green roofs prepare papers articles and presentations to share findings with students and other stakeholders and host (with Students for Environmental Action and the Purple Masque Theater) several engaging onshycampus green infrastructure presentationsdiscussions and tours We will also create a website to disseminate images videos publications and our findings Additionally we plan to assist KSU Facilities to design and create a green roof sign for the Memorial Stadium green roofs

Project Timeline

Budget amp Funding Justification

Meter EnvironmentDecagon Em50G Solar Remote DatashyLoggers (5) $5550 RTshy1 Temperature Sensors (6) $588 5TM Soil Moisture sensors (18) $3348 Cellular Service (4 years for 7 datashyloggers = 28 x $75 annual fee per datashylogger) $2100 Shipping $19 Total Cost for Equipment amp Sensors $11605 Total Cost with $200 Purple Masque Theatre Rental Fees $11805

Justification of Green Action Fund Budget Request for Green Roof Monitoring Equipment The specified datashyloggers and cellular service are required for remote data acquisition Plugshyandshyplay monitoring equipment (provided by Meter) allows rapid access to 15shyminute data on and near the new APDesign Research Green Roofs (APDshyRGR) by 15 researchers Sensors tied to 7 datashyloggers (5 new and 2 purchased using 2017 USRG funds) with data to be transmitted via the local cellular network enable the team to better understand the immediate microshymeteorological environment and subsurface soil moisture conditions for one unique 4rsquox4rsquo plot containing a sensor for each substrate type and depth Monitoring equipment and cellular service will also help students better understand key processes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration 5TM and RT1 sensors allow student and faculty researchers to monitor moisture and temperature variations realshytime on the APDshyRGR over a 5shyyear period

5

Appendix A Image of the Location of APDesign Research Green Roof on Regnier Hall

Source httpapdesignkshystateeduaboutseatonrevitalizatoingalleryhtmlprettyPhoto[102873]56

Appendix B APDshyRGR and MSshyGR layouts (plan views not to scale)

6

Social amp Educational Benefits to KSU Students and Others

Social value The MSshyGRs are a highly visible demonstration of KSUrsquos commitment to sustainability research We expect that many students and visitors will enjoy time together at the Memorial Stadium

Educational value The website will provide upshytoshydate information for students interested in the performance of the green infrastructure being researched on campus There is fascinating research being done that the research team would like to share with the KSU student body alumni faculty and staff Reports and other student work from these and future educational uses of the MSshyGRs and APDshyRGR will be presented at onshycampus forums (three presentationdiscussion sessions shyshy two held at the Purple Masque Theater and one at Regnier Hall shyshy with other events possible at Horticulture Leadership Studies Engineering or other campus buildings) and made available on the website The website allows us to reach potential students research peers and others around the world Via the website we can track website hits and we would use this as a metric to gauge the success of this aspect of the project

KSU as a living classroom The Memorial Stadium green roofs are already serving as a living classroom and have been integrated into courses spanning landscape architecture engineering and the environmental sciences The potential to contribute to overarching goals associated with ldquoacademicsrdquo and ldquooperationsrdquo (refer to goals 1 and 3 of the KshyState 2025 Sustainability Strategic Action Plan ) has been demonstrated through integration of the MSshyGRs into courses in engineering and KshyStatersquos interdisciplinary Natural Resource amp Environmental Sciences secondary major helping students understand how design and management of green roof systems impact campus sustainability Collecting data from all three green roofs should greatly enhance this student learning capability

Improved marketing and the ability to attract students Some students are looking for a university that is performing this type of green roof green infrastructure research KSU is doing research that could help the university improve its image as a sustainable university but this research needs to be easily accessible to prospective students online With the creation of the KSU Green Roof Research website and the improved visibility of research efforts this project potentially could increase enrollment at KshyState

Environmental Benefits

Effective water management The sensors are being used to estimate the appropriate amount of irrigation water necessary to sustain the vegetation With ongoing data analysis of the three green roofs we can better understand the factors affecting water needs and then use the insights to apply irrigation at optimal times and amounts thereby conserving valuable potable water supplied by the City of Manhattan

Improved green roof performance With continued monitoring of the MSshyGRs more informed decisions regarding management of each green roof can be made This will improve the operation and maintenance of these living dynamic systems Thriving green roof vegetation produces a variety of environmental benefits such as habitat creation improved stormwater management and thermal cooling of urban areas

Economic Benefits

Reduced operations and maintenance Keeping the sensors at their current location on the MSshyGR allows data collection to continue so the university can improve management of the green roof thereby reducing operations and maintenance costs such as irrigation weed management and plant material replacement Over 15 million gallons of potable water was used to irrigate the MSshyGRs in 2016 With water prices increasing conservation of potable water reduces economic and environmental burdens

4

Methods shy We will install sensors and datashyloggers on the APDesignshyResearch Green Roof collect and analyze the data on all three green roofs prepare papers articles and presentations to share findings with students and other stakeholders and host (with Students for Environmental Action and the Purple Masque Theater) several engaging onshycampus green infrastructure presentationsdiscussions and tours We will also create a website to disseminate images videos publications and our findings Additionally we plan to assist KSU Facilities to design and create a green roof sign for the Memorial Stadium green roofs

Project Timeline

Budget amp Funding Justification

Meter EnvironmentDecagon Em50G Solar Remote DatashyLoggers (5) $5550 RTshy1 Temperature Sensors (6) $588 5TM Soil Moisture sensors (18) $3348 Cellular Service (4 years for 7 datashyloggers = 28 x $75 annual fee per datashylogger) $2100 Shipping $19 Total Cost for Equipment amp Sensors $11605 Total Cost with $200 Purple Masque Theatre Rental Fees $11805

Justification of Green Action Fund Budget Request for Green Roof Monitoring Equipment The specified datashyloggers and cellular service are required for remote data acquisition Plugshyandshyplay monitoring equipment (provided by Meter) allows rapid access to 15shyminute data on and near the new APDesign Research Green Roofs (APDshyRGR) by 15 researchers Sensors tied to 7 datashyloggers (5 new and 2 purchased using 2017 USRG funds) with data to be transmitted via the local cellular network enable the team to better understand the immediate microshymeteorological environment and subsurface soil moisture conditions for one unique 4rsquox4rsquo plot containing a sensor for each substrate type and depth Monitoring equipment and cellular service will also help students better understand key processes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration 5TM and RT1 sensors allow student and faculty researchers to monitor moisture and temperature variations realshytime on the APDshyRGR over a 5shyyear period

5

Appendix A Image of the Location of APDesign Research Green Roof on Regnier Hall

Source httpapdesignkshystateeduaboutseatonrevitalizatoingalleryhtmlprettyPhoto[102873]56

Appendix B APDshyRGR and MSshyGR layouts (plan views not to scale)

6

Methods shy We will install sensors and datashyloggers on the APDesignshyResearch Green Roof collect and analyze the data on all three green roofs prepare papers articles and presentations to share findings with students and other stakeholders and host (with Students for Environmental Action and the Purple Masque Theater) several engaging onshycampus green infrastructure presentationsdiscussions and tours We will also create a website to disseminate images videos publications and our findings Additionally we plan to assist KSU Facilities to design and create a green roof sign for the Memorial Stadium green roofs

Project Timeline

Budget amp Funding Justification

Meter EnvironmentDecagon Em50G Solar Remote DatashyLoggers (5) $5550 RTshy1 Temperature Sensors (6) $588 5TM Soil Moisture sensors (18) $3348 Cellular Service (4 years for 7 datashyloggers = 28 x $75 annual fee per datashylogger) $2100 Shipping $19 Total Cost for Equipment amp Sensors $11605 Total Cost with $200 Purple Masque Theatre Rental Fees $11805

Justification of Green Action Fund Budget Request for Green Roof Monitoring Equipment The specified datashyloggers and cellular service are required for remote data acquisition Plugshyandshyplay monitoring equipment (provided by Meter) allows rapid access to 15shyminute data on and near the new APDesign Research Green Roofs (APDshyRGR) by 15 researchers Sensors tied to 7 datashyloggers (5 new and 2 purchased using 2017 USRG funds) with data to be transmitted via the local cellular network enable the team to better understand the immediate microshymeteorological environment and subsurface soil moisture conditions for one unique 4rsquox4rsquo plot containing a sensor for each substrate type and depth Monitoring equipment and cellular service will also help students better understand key processes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration 5TM and RT1 sensors allow student and faculty researchers to monitor moisture and temperature variations realshytime on the APDshyRGR over a 5shyyear period

5

Appendix A Image of the Location of APDesign Research Green Roof on Regnier Hall

Source httpapdesignkshystateeduaboutseatonrevitalizatoingalleryhtmlprettyPhoto[102873]56

Appendix B APDshyRGR and MSshyGR layouts (plan views not to scale)

6

Appendix A Image of the Location of APDesign Research Green Roof on Regnier Hall

Source httpapdesignkshystateeduaboutseatonrevitalizatoingalleryhtmlprettyPhoto[102873]56

Appendix B APDshyRGR and MSshyGR layouts (plan views not to scale)

6

Appendix C Why Studying Green Roofs Is Important

Green roofs and other green infrastructure can provide green space in urban areas without adding to pressures on land uses at the ground level Implementation of wellshydesigned green roof systems can help create more sustainable communities and important links between urban environments and natural ecosystems Besides improving the function and efficiency of building infrastructure for people wellshydesigned green roof systems can also provide a range of ecosystem services shyshy including flood reduction improved stormwater and air quality and supplemental habitat for insects and avian species

Diverse plant communities greatly influence the ecosystem services provided on green roofs (Oberndorfer et al 2007) Evaluation of the variables that influence plant species survival on green roofs provide insight on how to manage a green roof as s urvival and growth is influenced by water availability in green roof systems To maintain optimum provision of services and efficiently manage a green roof knowledge of the relationships between survival coverage and species richness in relation to soil moisture temperature and water supply (via precipitation andor irrigation) is required (Lambrinos 2015)

If we are to collectively improve green roof design implementation and management in the Flint Hills Ecoshyregion and other similar temperate climatic zones in the world it is vital to understand longershyterm relationships between microshymeteorological variables green roof substrate types and their functions and various mixedshyspecies performance on green roof ecosystems The best way to do this is to systematically monitor subsurface soil moisture and temperature conditions surface temperatures solar radiation photosynthetically active radiation plant available moisture and essential microshyclimatic variables (especially precipitation air temperature fluctuations relative humidity and wind speed) along with vegetative coverage and the changes in plant species survival over time (Skabelund et al 2015)

References

Lambrinos JG 2015 ldquoWater through green roofsrdquo In Green Roof Ecosystems (Ed by R Sutton) Springer Science

Oberndorfer E J Lundholm B Bass R Coffman H Doshi N Dunnett S Gaffin M Kohler K Liu B Rowe 2007 ldquoGreen roofs as urban ecosystems ecological structures functions and servicesrdquo Bioscience 57 823shy833

Skabelund LR K DiGiovanni O Starry 2015 ldquoMonitoring Abiotic Inputs and Outputsrdquo In Green Roof Ecosystems (Ed by R Sutton) Springer Science

7

Appendix D Meter EnvironmentDecagon Quote (Total Cost rounded to $11605 by KSU)

8

Appendix D Meter EnvironmentDecagon Quote (Total Cost rounded to $11605 by KSU)

8