Monitoring Global Change in Temperate Reef Communities
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Transcript of Monitoring Global Change in Temperate Reef Communities
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Monitoring Global Change in Monitoring Global Change in Temperate Reef CommunitiesTemperate Reef Communities
• Larry Deysher – Ocean Imaging• Matt Edwards – San Diego State University• Jon Dykstra – Earth Satellite Corporation• Paul Dayton – Scripps Institution of Oceanography
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Project ObjectivesProject Objectives
• Cost-effective method of mapping kelp canopies on a global basis
• Baseline for global kelp distributions (Year 2000)• Model linking kelp distributions with physical
factors such as temperature & wave heights• Discriminate localized kelp bed changes from
climate related effects
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Kelp Habitat StructureKelp Habitat Structure
Half–life 2 to 4 years Half–life 10’s to 100’s years
Photos: Mark Carr & Bill Bushing
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MacrocystisMacrocystis
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NereocystisNereocystis
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Alaria fistulosaAlaria fistulosa
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Ecklonia maximaEcklonia maxima
Photo: Taurus Products
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Durvillaea antarcticaDurvillaea antarctica
Photo: Steve Smith,
NMSC
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Year 2000 ETM+ CoverageYear 2000 ETM+ Coverage
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Southern California Kelp CanopiesSouthern California Kelp Canopies
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ETM+ - 49 haColor IR Photo - 39
ha
San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board
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Study AreaStudy Area
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ETM+ 4 Aug 2002ETM+ 4 Aug 2002
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Canopy Area (ha)
Bed DMSC ETM+
Harvest 4.9 8.0
Control 1 0.5 0.9
Control 2 2.3 3.4
Control 3 9.0 11.1
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Range BoundariesRange Boundaries• Baja California• Peru / Chile & Argentina• Namibia / South Africa• Australia – Tasmanian
population declines• Subantarctic Islands
– Kerguelen Island– Heard Island– South Georgia Island
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Peru / Chile / Argentina
Northern Boundaries
Peru – 13.8o SPeru Coastal Current (Humboldt)
Argentina – 42.0o SBrazil-Malvinas Confluence
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Namibia / South Africa
Northern Boundary – 21.5o SBenguela Current
Eastern Boundary – 19.6o E Agulhas Current
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Subantarctic Subantarctic IslandsIslands
Kelp on islands north of Antarctic Convergence
with the exception of South Georgia Island
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SST - South Georgia IslandSST - South Georgia IslandApril 1998 October 1998
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SST - Kerguelen & HeardSST - Kerguelen & HeardApril 1998 October 1998
Heard Heard
Kerguelen Kerguelen
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SST Anomaly - Kerguelen & HeardSST Anomaly - Kerguelen & HeardApril 1998 October 1998
Heard Heard
Kerguelen Kerguelen
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Coastal Water ClarityCoastal Water Clarity
Turbidity plumesPlankton blooms
MODIS Satellite imagery Spatial Resolution 250 m (bands 1 - 2) 500 m (bands 3 - 7) 1000 m (bands 8 - 36)
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LaJolla Kelp Offshore ExpansionLaJolla Kelp Offshore Expansion
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Ozone HoleOzone Hole October 2000 (< 200 Dobson Units )October 2000 (< 200 Dobson Units )
NASA TOMS
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Isla de los EstadosIsla de los Estados
IIsla de los Estados
30 January 2001
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Data AvailabilityData Availability
ftp://samoa.gsfc.nasa.gov/landsat/kelp/